Background The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases is an important public health problem, especially in people who are sexually active, such as the army conscript group. However, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices may be influenced by certain cultures and beliefs. This study explored the factors associated with the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the Muslim army conscript in three deep southern provinces of Thailand. Methods The cross-sectional study design was conducted among 360 Muslim army conscripts. A researcher made questionnaire on knowledge of HIV/STI transmission, attitude toward condom use, and sexual behavior was distributed to the participants in a camp base. The association between the potential predictor variables and the risk of HIV/STI was analyzed using the multiple logistic regression. Statistically significant of the association considered a P value ≤ 0.05. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/brivudine.html Results The results suggest that most Muslim army conscripts had a poor knowledge level of HIV/STI transmission (78.7%) and that their attitude toward condom use was at a moderate level (60.0%). The predicted factors were marital status [aOR=0.078, 95% CI=0.035-0.172], substance use before having sex [aOR=8.044, 95% CI=1.288-50.230], stimulant use before having sex [aOR=3.632, 95% CI=1.080-12.211], vaginal sexual intercourse [aOR=26.228, 95% CI=8.370-82.189], and oral sexual intercourse [aOR=2.256, 95% CI=1.106-4.601]. Conclusion A proper sexual health education program should be developed and delivered to enhance knowledge on HIV/STI transmission among Muslim army conscripts.Background More than 4.2 million cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) were reported in Thailand during 2019. Medication adherence is necessary to delay disease progression and prevent complications among uncontrolled type 2 DM patients. The objective of this research was to study how education via the Line application and telephone-based counseling impacted medication adherence knowledge by analyzing the behavior of uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Uncontrolled type 2 DM patients in Doi Saket Hospital, Doi Saket district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. were included in the study. The sample was divided into an experimental (n=30) and control group (n=30). Patients who met the inclusion criteria of having uncontrolled type 2 diabetes diagnosed by a physician for at least one year, capable of communicating in Thai, possessing a mobile phone with the Line application and able to partake in activities for eight weeks were recruited in the parallel-group randomized trial. The experimental group participatLine application and telephone-based counseling program improved medication adherence knowledge and behavior among uncontrolled type 2 DM patients. Other outcomes of social media interactions such as patient engagement, patient behavior and attitudes, and the efficacy of patient-health care provider communication levels are possible areas for future study.The acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has been described as a gateway to attaining herd immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The critical role of community participation (CP) has been successfully demonstrated in previous vaccination programs globally. This perspective therefore aimed to describe how CP could be used to promote COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. To promote COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, it is required that a mapping of community assets, resources, civil-based organizations, and stakeholders is done to gain insight into the community culture and value in relation to COVID-19 vaccine. This will help to address the misconceptions while prompting COVID-19 vaccination sensitization activities that are relevant to each community. It is required that policy makers understand that the adoption of a comprehensive grassroots approach lends a voice to the community and helps to utilize community-initiated and community-driven ideas on promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Health care services and programs directed towards combating the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have been disrupted because of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The African continent because of its staggering health care system and poor economy disproportionately bears the burden of these diseases. While successes have been recorded in controlling and eliminating the NTDs, policymakers in Africa should consider the potential of the COVID-19 to dwindle these successes an issue of high priority. This commentary seeks to discuss the current status of NTDs in Africa and proffer recommendations to help combat these diseases at this period. It is worthy to say that similar dedication directed towards fighting the COVID-19 should also be deployed into eliminating other diseases like the NTDs which often, are neglected.The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage birth rates among countries in western Europe. Government initiatives such as the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy introduced by the labor government in 1999 to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate by half in ten years could be responsible for the steady decline in teenage conception and childbirth for the past two decades. However, to sustain this decrease it is crucial to consider the broader socioeconomic and environmental determinants of teenage pregnancy at the population level. A selected literature search was conducted in this respect to highlight the factors that could be neglected by recent interventions on teenage pregnancy and childbirth in the United Kingdom.Background Considering limitations of the established osteoarthritis (OA) medications, attention to adjuvant and complementary treatments has increased in OA individuals. Recent investigations have reported advantages of pomegranate in OA and indicate that pomegranate can be a therapeutic option; nevertheless, no systematic review exists regarding OA and pomegranate. Therefore, we systematically studied accessible researches regarding pomegranate and OA in human, animal, and in vitro models and likely mechanistic pathways. Methods Present systematic review study was recorded on the international prospective register of systematic reviews database. Electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Embase, WOS, ProQuest) and search engine Google Scholar were searched until February 2021. Search alerts were turned on to recognize papers published following the primary search. Two investigators independently searched using MESH and non-MESH words in title, abstract, and keywords. Inclusion criteria were related clinical, animal, and in vitro studies published in any language as a full text. Exclusion criteria were reviews, book chapters, conference abstracts, and articles regarding pomegranate in health problems other than OA. Hand searching was used to check the references or citations of eligible papers and grey literature (theses etc.) to find potential researches. Results Twenty-three articles were included in our systematic review. Human, animal, and in vitro researches demonstrated favorable properties of pomegranate in improving clinical features and reducing inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis markers in OA. Conclusion Present paper provides convincing evidence about the efficacy of pomegranate in OA and gives a justification for the importance of additional clinical studies.Background Sedentariness is a substantial risk for many chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the correlation of sedentary behavior and its indicators with low back pain (LBP) among adults and children. Methods Original articles published up to April 28, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were evaluated. Odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) was considered the overall effect size for desired associations. Results We reviewed 49 English articles with analytical observational study design, of which, 27 studies with cross sectional/survey design were retained in the meta-analysis. Among adults, sedentary lifestyle was a considerable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.24, 1.02-1.5); prolonged sitting time (OR=1.42, 1.09-1.85) and driving time (OR=2.03, 1.22-3.36) were the significant risk factors. Sedentary behavior was associated with LBP in office workers (OR=1.23). Moreover, excess weight (OR=1.35, 1.14-1.59) and smoking (OR=1.28, 1.03-1.60) were associated with LBP. Among children, sedentary lifestyle was a remarkable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.41, 1.24- 1.60); prolonged TV watching (OR=1.23, 1.08-1.41) and computer/mobile using and console playing time (OR=1.63, 1.36-1.95) were significant risk factors for LBP. Consumption of coffee, however, has yield conflicting results to be considered as a risk factor. Moreover, the researches on the correlation between sedentariness and high-intensity LBP are scarce and inconclusive. Conclusion Sedentary behavior, whether in work or leisure time, associates with a moderate increase in the risk of LBP in adults, children and adolescents.Background Surveillance forms the basis for response to disease outbreaks, including COVID-19. Herein, we identified the COVID-19 surveillance systems and the associated challenges in 13 African countries. Methods We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2020 and April 2021 in PubMed, Medline, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar using predetermined search terms. Relevant studies from the search and other data sources on COVID-19 surveillance strategies and associated challenges in 13 African countries (Mauritius, Algeria, Nigeria, Angola, Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania, and Uganda) were identified and reviewed. Results Our findings revealed that the selected African countries have ramped up COVID-19 surveillance ranging from immediate case notification, virological surveillance, hospital-based surveillance to mortality surveillance among others. Despite this, there exist variations in the level of implementation of the surveillance systems across countries. Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy is also being leveraged in some African countries, but the implementation across countries remains uneven. Our study also revealed various challenges facing surveillance which included shortage of skilled human resources resulting in poor data management, weak health systems, complexities of ethical considerations, diagnostic insufficiency, the burden of co-epidemic surveillance, and geographical barriers, among others. Conclusion With the variations in the level of implementation of COVID-19 surveillance strategies seen across countries, it is pertinent to ensure proper coordination of the surveillance activities in the African countries and address all the challenges facing COVID-19 surveillance using tailored strategies.Background The rapid circulation of arboviruses in the human population has been linked with changes in climatic, environmental, and socio-economic conditions. These changes are known to alter the transmission cycles of arboviruses involving the anthropophilic vectors and thus facilitate an extensive geographical distribution of medically important arboviral diseases, thereby posing a significant health threat. Using our current understanding and assessment of relevant literature, this review aimed to understand the underlying factors promoting the spread of arboviruses and how the three most renowned interdisciplinary and holistic approaches to health such as One Health, Eco-Health, and Planetary Health can be a panacea for control of arboviruses. Methods A comprehensive structured search of relevant databases such as Medline, PubMed, WHO, Scopus, Science Direct, DOAJ, AJOL, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify recent articles on arboviruses and holistic approaches to health using the keywords including "arboviral diseases", "arbovirus vectors", "arboviral infections", "epidemiology of arboviruses", "holistic approaches", "One Health", "Eco-Health", and "Planetary Health".

Furthermore, this effect of PD98059 treatment was lost upon KLF4 knock-down. Collectively, these results explain the down-regulation of KLF4 in sepsis, namely via TLR4 promotion of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and identify ITGA2B as the downstream gene of KLF4, thus highlighting the anti-inflammatory role of KLF4 in sepsis.Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats that negatively impacted the farmers and pastoralists' livelihood in Africa and Asia. To overcome the disease's consequences, the OIE and FAO are collaborating efforts to eradicate the disease once and for all. We developed a predictive model that delineates suitable territories for the virus globally in support of this eradication programme. To achieve this, we used an ecological niche modelling with an ensemble algorithm. AUC-ROC curve, true skill statistics (TSS) and Kappa values were used to evaluate the model's performance. A TSS value greater than 0.7 was used to pool outputs of the nine model. The ensemble model has better performance than individual models by every evaluation metrics (Kappa = 0.82, TSS = 0.88 and ROC = 0.99). Annual minimum temperature (24.92%), annual maximum temperature (21.37%), goat density (18.03%) and solar radiation (14.04%) have the highest overall contribution in the ensemble model. The model indicates that India, Mongolia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Nepal, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, Angola, Nigeria, DRC, Ghana, Sierra Leon, Southern Spain, France, Albania, Montenegro, Macedonia, Italy, Armenia and Azerbaijan are highly suitable for PPRv. In 2040, suitable territories for PPRv will diminish, indicating the odds are with us in eradicating disease by 2030. We believe that this model can be used as an epidemiological tool to facilitate the global eradication programme of the disease set by the OIE and FAO.
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in long-term neurological deficits associated with white matter injury (WMI). Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple derivative of the endogenous energy substrate pyruvate with neuroprotective properties, but its role in recovery from WMI has not been explored.

This study examines the effect of EP treatment on rats following TBI using behavioral tests and white matter histological analysis up to 28 days post-injury.

Anaesthetised adult rats were subjected to TBI by controlled cortical impact. After surgery, EP or Ringers solution (RS) was administrated intraperitoneally at 15min after TBI and again at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60h after TBI. Sensorimotor deficits were evaluated up to day 21 after TBI by four independent tests. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to assess white matter injury. Microglia activation and related inflammatory molecules were examined up to day 14 after TBI by immunohistochemistry or real-time PCR.

Here, we demonstrate that EP improves sensorimotor function following TBI as well as improves white matter outcomes up to 28d after TBI, as shown by reduced myelin loss. Furthermore, EP administration during the acute phase of TBI recovery shifted microglia polarization toward the anti-inflammatoryM2 phenotype, modulating the release of inflammatory-related factors.

EP treatment may protect TBI-induced WMI via modulating microglia polarization toward M2.
EP treatment may protect TBI-induced WMI via modulating microglia polarization toward M2.Daptomycin (DAP) is a novel microbial lipopeptide antibiotic synthesized by the DAP biosynthetic gene cluster dpt of Streptomyces roseosporus (S. roseosporus). DptP gene locates upstream of dpt and confers DAP resistance to Streptomyces ambofaciens (S. ambofaciens). So far, the biological functions of dptP gene for S. roseosporus growth are still completely uncovered. We performed label-free quantification proteomic dissections with loss- and gain-of-function experiments to decipher dptP-involved functions. Deletion of dptP gene activated energy metabolism and metabolism of secondary metabolites pathways and enhanced the transcription levels and protein abundance of key members of the dpt cluster. https://www.selleckchem.com/ Whereas dptP deletion inhibited transport/signal transduction and drug resistance pathways and protein abundance of cell division-relative proteins, subsequently decreased mycelia cell growth rate. S. roseosporus strain with dptP deletion was more sensitive to DAP treatment compared to the wild type. In contrast, overexpression of dptP gene decreased transcription levels of DAP biosynthetic genes and enhanced growth rate of Streptomcyes strain upon elevated culture temperature and DAP supplementation. Taken together, dptP gene contributes to Streptomcyes primary growth under elevated temperature and DAP treatment, whereas it plays negative roles on metabolism of secondary metabolites and transcription of DAP biosynthetic genes.Tubulysins have emerged in recent years as a compelling drug class for delivery to tumor cells via antibodies. link2 The ability of this drug class to exert bystander activity while retaining potency against multidrug-resistant cell lines differentiates them from other microtubule-disrupting agents. Tubulysin M, a synthetic analogue, has proven to be active and well tolerated as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) payload, but has the liability of being susceptible to acetate hydrolysis at the C11 position, leading to attenuated potency. In this work, we examine the ability of the drug-linker and conjugation site to preserve acetate stability. Our findings show that, in contrast to a more conventional protease-cleavable dipeptide linker, the β-glucuronidase-cleavable glucuronide linker protects against acetate hydrolysis and improves ADC activity in vivo. In addition, site-specific conjugation can positively impact both acetate stability and in vivo activity. Together, these findings provide the basis for a highly optimized delivery strategy for tubulysin M.
Psychotic disorders are associated with a high rate of relapse. In addition to medication non-adherence, some psychosocial factors have been found to be predictive of relapse (e.g., poor premorbid adjustment, high expressed emotion and substance misuse). Impairments in cognitive functions including general memory functioning, set shifting, attention, processing speed and working memory have also been indicative of a subsequent psychotic episode. As clinical appointments do not always allow for timely or accurate detection of these early warning signs, the ReMind app is developed to explore potential relapse predictors and enhance the process of relapse monitoring.

The ReMind app aims (1) to assess whether verbal or visual working memory predicts psychotic relapse in 1 year and (2) to determine whether social factors such as stressful life events, level of expressed emotion and medication adherence also predict relapse in 1 year.

This is a one-year prospective follow-up study involving 176 remitted patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or non-affective psychoses. Monthly relapse predictor assessments will be conducted via ReMind throughout the one-year study duration. These assessments include neurocognitive tasks and psychosocial questionnaires.

Recruitment began in August 2017 and is still ongoing. Preliminary user feedback suggested an overall positive experience with the app.

The ReMind app presents a step forward to the identification and sensitive detection of reliable psychosis relapse predictors. With its anticipated success, it may offer an alternative means of monitoring relapse for the Chinese-speaking population in the future.
The ReMind app presents a step forward to the identification and sensitive detection of reliable psychosis relapse predictors. With its anticipated success, it may offer an alternative means of monitoring relapse for the Chinese-speaking population in the future.
to study the differences in cognitive functioning in patients and controls. In addition, study the influence of symptoms, cannabis consumption, chlorpromazine doses, DUP and IQ in cognitive performance in patients, both in the total sample and divided by gender.

70 first episode psychosis patients and 63 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study and were assessed with the MATRICS battery and the Vocabulary subtest of WAIS-IV. Symptoms in FEP patients were evaluated with the Emsley factors of the PANSS scale.

patients showed lower scores than controls in all cognitive domains studied. There were no significant differences between FEP men and FEP women, but we found gender differences in favour of women in processing speed, working memory and composite total scored domains in the HC group. link3 Finally, symptoms and Chlorpromazine doses showed an influence on cognitive performance in the total FEP sample. When splitting the sample by gender, positive symptoms may be more detrimental to women's cognitive functioning, while disorganized symptoms may play the most important role in cognitive performance in men.

patients showed worse cognitive performance in all cognitive domains compared to healthy controls. In our FEP sample, gender does not seem to influence cognitive performance measured with the MATRICS. Severity of symptoms influences positively in cognitive performance. The dose of Chlorpromazine and symptoms are influential variables to be taken into account in cognition rehabilitation programs.
patients showed worse cognitive performance in all cognitive domains compared to healthy controls. In our FEP sample, gender does not seem to influence cognitive performance measured with the MATRICS. Severity of symptoms influences positively in cognitive performance. The dose of Chlorpromazine and symptoms are influential variables to be taken into account in cognition rehabilitation programs.Stromatolites are complex microbial mats that form lithified layers. Fossilized stromatolites are the oldest evidence of cellular life on Earth, dating back over 3.4 billion years. Modern stromatolites are relatively rare but may provide clues about the function and evolution of their ancient counterparts. In this study, we focus on peritidal stromatolites occurring at Cape Recife and Schoenmakerskop on the southeastern South African coastline, the former being morphologically and structurally similar to fossilized phosphatic stromatolites formations. Using assembled shotgun metagenomic analysis, we obtained 183 genomic bins, of which the most dominant taxa were from the Cyanobacteria phylum. We identified functional gene sets in genomic bins conserved across two geographically isolated stromatolite formations, which included relatively high copy numbers of genes involved in the reduction of nitrates and phosphatic compounds. Additionally, we found little evidence of Archaeal species in these stromatolites, suggesting that they may not play an important role in peritidal stromatolite formations, as proposed for hypersaline formations.The pharmacokinetic properties and residue elimination of florfenicol (FLO) and its amine were investigated in European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax at 24°C. The trial mainly included analysis of FLO in plasma after a single dose dietary administration of 10 mg/kg and in muscle plus skin following a multiple dosing (10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 7 days) to estimate pharmacokinetics and residue depletion, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration of FLO was measured to be 1.64 μg/ml, 4 hr post administration. The elimination half-life (t1/2b ) and the area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) were calculated to be 13.0 hr and 34.7 μg h-1 ml-1 , respectively. Withdrawal times of FLO and its amine were calculated to be 46.3 degree-days, indicating a fast removal from the edible tissues of treated European seabass. Overall, FLO can be considered as a potentially efficient antibacterial agent for farmed European seabass provided that additional efforts will be devoted towards its in vitro and clinical efficacy.

A fully annotated catalog of genus- and species-group names of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera Lauxanioidea) is presented, providing details of references to these names in literature, and providing additional details such as distributions, generic combinations, synonymies, misspellings and emendations, information on types, notes on unusual situations, etc. As this catalog is meant to supplement the older Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico, to complete the cataloging of the New World Lauxaniidae, "Neotropical" is herein inclusive of everything south of the United States, and the Nearctic parts of Mexico are not separately distinguished. The catalog is organized alphabetically within each of the three lauxaniid subfamilies, Eurychoromyiinae, Homoneurinae and Lauxaniinae, treating 91 available genus-group names, of which 77 represent valid genera. In the species-group, the catalog treats 441 available species-group names, of which 391 represent valid Neotropical lauxaniid species, 39 are invalia Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810). The following four species are removed from the family, three of which are put into the following new combinations Senopterina cyanea (Fabricius, 1805; Lauxania Latreille, 1804) (Platystomatidae), Dihoplopyga delicatula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Heleomyzidae), Pherbellia geniculata (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Sciomyzidae). The remaining species, Sapromyza fuscipes Macquart, 1844b, is of uncertain family placement within the Muscoidea. The following new replacement names for species of Platystomatidae were necessary due to homonymy Senopterina gigliotosi Gaimari Silva (for Bricinniella cyanea Giglio-Tos, 1893, nec Lauxania cyanea Fabricius, 1805), and Rivellia macquarti Gaimari Silva (for Tephritis unifasciata Macquart, 1843 381, nec Macquart, 1835 465).The Chinese bees of the genus Anthidium Fabricius, 1804, are reviewed. Twenty-one species are confirmed to occur in China, five of which are described and illustrated as new Chinese endemics Anthidium (Anthidium) pseudomontanum Niu Zhu, sp. nov., A. (A.) pseudophilorum Niu Zhu, sp. nov., A. (A.) tasitiense Niu Zhu, sp. nov., A. (A.) xuezhongi Niu Zhu, sp. nov., and A. (Proanthidium) qingtaoi Niu Zhu, sp. nov.. The previously unknown female of A. (A.) kashmirense Mavromoustakis, 1937 and male of A. (P.) kashgarense (Cockerell, 1911) are described for the first time. Anthidium (A.) furcatum Wu, 2004 (junior primary homonym, nec Anthidium furcatum Ducke, 1908) is replaced with its valid and available synonym A. (A.) striatum Wu, 2004. New synonymies are also established for A. (A.) kashmirense Mavromoustakis, 1937 = A. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/as601245.html (A.) nigroventrale Wu, 1982, syn. nov., and A. (A.) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775) = A. (A.) helianthinum Wu, 2004, syn. nov. The non-Chinese Anthidium amabile Alfken, 1933 (junior primary homonym, nec Anthidium porterae var. amabile Cockerell, 1904) is unavailable and the available name Anthidium (Proanthidium) minimum Pasteels, 1969, is valid for this species. Updated synonymies and distributional data are provided for some widespread Palaearctic species including two now adventive in the New World. For Chinese species, the distribution and floral associations of each are provided along with illustrations and a key to the known species.The genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 is revised, a generic diagnosis is given and an identification key to eight species groups is provided. Olios in its revised sense includes 87 species and is distributed in Africa, southern Europe and Asia. Three species groups are revised in this first part, an identification key to species for each group is provided, five new species are described and all included species are illustrated. The Olios argelasius-group includes O. argelasius Walckenaer, 1806, O. canariensis (Lucas, 1838), O. pictus (Simon, 1885), O. fasciculatus Simon, 1880 and O. kunzi spec. nov. (male, female; Namibia, Zambia, South Africa); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, northern Africa including Canary Islands, in the Middle East, South Sudan, East Africa, and southern Africa. The Olios coenobitus-group includes O. angolensis spec. nov. (male; Angola), O. coenobitus Fage, 1926, O. denticulus spec. nov. (male; Java), O. erraticus Fage, 1926, O. gambiensis spec. nov. (male, female; Gambia), O. (Schmidt, 1971) comb. nov., Nolavia fuhrmanni (Strand, 1914) comb. nov., Nolavia helva (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia stylifer (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., Nolavia valenciae (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov., Nungara cayana (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov., Polybetes bombilius (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) comb. nov., Polybetes fasciatus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Polybetes hyeroglyphicus (Mello-Leitão, 1918) comb. nov. and Prychia paalonga (Barrion Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. One species is transferred from Olios to the family Clubionidae Wagner, 1887 Clubiona paenuliformis (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov.Details are provided on 16 land snail genera, eight freshwater molluscan species, one estuarine species, 47 land snail species and varieties from New Zealand, and a further three land snail species putatively from New Zealand, which were described by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904. Original primary type material of 54 species was located during the present study. Lectotypes are designated for Amphidoxa cornea Hutton, 1882, Amphidoxa jacquenetta Hutton, 1883, Amphidoxa perdita Hutton, 1883, Charopa cassandra Hutton, 1883, Cyclotus charmian Hutton, 1883, Fruticicola adriana Hutton, 1883, Gerontia cordelia Hutton, 1883, Gerontia pantherina Hutton, 1882, Microphysa pumila Hutton, 1882, Patula jessica Hutton, 1883, Patula lucetta Hutton, 1884, Patula sylvia Hutton, 1883, Patula tapirina Hutton, 1882, Pfeifferia cressida Hutton, 1883, Phrixgnathus celia Hutton, 1883, Phrixgnathus haasti Hutton, 1883, Phrixgnathus marginatus Hutton, 1882, Phrixgnathus phrynia Hutton, 1883, Rhytida australis Hutton,ermia Hutton, 1883 are treated as junior synonyms of Tasmaphena sinclairii (Pfeiffer, 1846), Phacussa fulminata (Hutton, 1882), Fectola infecta (Reeve, 1852) and Advena campbellii (Gray, 1834), respectively.

In South Africa, banning the interprovincial movement may keep the spread to a minimum. Rapid implementation of preventive measures in the early stages is vital in preventing the spread of the pandemic.The novel covid-19 pandemic is a highly infectious disease without known specific treatment and vaccine. Transmission based precautions are important in the fight against the virus. This study investigated the level of transmission-based precautions practiced, the predictors of correct practices, and the challenges experienced by nurses in public health facilities in Edo State during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey to elicit responses from 367 front line nurses using a Google online questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. The majority 314(85.6%) of the respondents maintained a good level of transmission-based precautions practice. Hand hygiene was performed by 327(89.1%) of the respondents. Academic qualification was a significant predictor of good practice in favour of respondents with a degree in nursing. Challenges identified were lack of financial motivation, fear of infecting family members and fear of contracting the virus (93.5%). It was concluded that nurses in Edo State Nigeria have good transmission- based practices in relation to covid-19 however efforts should be made to ensure 100% compliance and sustain practices.The spread of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has continued to rise in Nigeria despite all scientifically proven preventive measures. Factors militating against preventive and control efforts are yet to be addressed thus the study examined COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria within the first two months of outbreak and its preventive and control challenges. Data from the daily updates of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) were graphically used to describe the trend of spread while facts from both verified online and print media reports on COVID-19 were used to assess the challenges. Outcome of the study showed a steady increase in COVID-19 from one case on the 27thof February 2020 to 1,932 confirmed cases, 58 fatalities, and 319 discharged cases by 30th April 2020. COVID-19 preventive measures in the country include hand washing, use of sanitizers, wearing of face masks, lockdown and social distancing. Factors which undermined government preventive efforts were poor compliance attitude, selective lockdown, social media interference, misconceptions and myths, stigmatization, fear, inadequate health facilities, and distrust for government. It is recommended among others that there is need to ameliorate the adverse effects of COVID-19 misconceptions and myths through evidence-based campaigns using all sources of information.This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) about COVID- 19 on nursing students' awareness and health beliefs. A true-experimental research design was conducted at nursing college, Najran University, KSA. A comprehensive sampling was followed to include all female students at the colleges (164 students). The sample was divided randomly into intervention (82) and control group (82). The educational intervention was designed and conducted based on the HBM through four sequential phases assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The current study results indicated no statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups concerning their demographic characteristic, awareness, and health beliefs before intervention. After intervention, significant differences (p less then 0.05) were observed between intervention and control groups in their awareness and all HBM constructs regarding COVID19. There were positive, statistically significant correlations (P less then 0.05) between participants' total HBM score and their total awareness score. This study concluded that HBM is effective in increasing nursing students' awareness regarding COVID-19. It also increases their perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits. Besides, it may increase their self-efficacy to overcome perceived barriers to practice protective and preventive actions while dealing with COVID-19.In Africa, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Egypt on February 14, 2020. Since then, the number of cases has continued to increase with Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Sudan, Angola, Tanzania, Ghana, and Kenya identified as vulnerable countries. The present study aimed to 1) identify differences in trust level of COVID-19 diagnosis, recent healthcare utilization experiences, and COVID-19-related knowledge, information, and prevention practices in South Korea, Ethiopia, and DRC; and 2) identify factors influencing trust level in healthcare facilities regarding COVID-19 diagnosis. The present study was cross-sectional. The questionnaire survey was conducted between May 1-14, 2020 using Google forms, and 748 respondents were included in the final analysis. The data collected were analyzed using ANOVA, post- hoc test, and binary logistic regression analysis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wortmannin.html South Korea showed higher rate of practice for COVID-19 prevention such as hand washing, mask wearing, and etc. than Ethiopia and DRC. The results showed significant differences with the trust level being 3.129 times higher in respondents from DRC than those from Ethiopia (aOR=3.129, 95% CI [1.884-5.196], p less then .000) and 29.137 times higher in respondents from South Korean than those from Ethiopia (aOR=29.137, 95% CI [13.869-61.210], p less then .000). Gender, age, number of family members, healthcare utilization experience, information, and practice were significant variables. Health education expansion for information and practice about COVID-19 in Ethiopia and DRC is necessary.South Africa, similar to many other countries in the African continent is still experiencing challenges in its efforts to provide sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care to women and adolescent girls, and it has become clear that the COVID-19 pandemic is the latest threat to universal access to SRH. In the face of this threat, the Sustainable Developmental Goals that call on the global community to -leave no one behind‖ may become a blurred vision unless we adopt a wider lens away from the tunnel vision that currently plagues health systems around the globe. This paper therefore exposes how SRH may become collateral damage in the face of the present COVID-19 pandemic. Previous disease outbreaks diverted attention from critical SRH services, including antenatal care, safe abortions, contraception, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Governments, policy makers, health system gatekeepers and civil society organisations should not allow the COVID-19 phobia to bar women and adolescent girls from accessing SRH services. In fact, the global and South African response to the COVID-19 pandemic must protect everyone's rights, particularly in the health care context. Gender considerations and a human rights approach must be embedded in ensuring the accessibility and availability of SRH services.The outbreak of COVID-19 threatens continued access to non-urgent healthcare including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. With the epicentre of the outbreak projected to shift to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) after making significant impact in China, Europe, USA, and South America, it is necessary for countries in this region to begin to plan for how to tackle a rapid surge in cases. Health facilities are already being primed for increased presentation of COVID-19 cases. As countries prepare, they also need to consider how non-urgent services will not be interrupted. Estimates of a potential disruption in access to long and short acting contraceptives for up to 12 months will result in an additional 15 million unintended pregnancies and additional 28,000 maternal deaths. Thus, effort must be made to ensure that the gains made in SRH outcomes over several years are not lost. The potential of utilizing telemedicine to continue to offer healthcare services to the population for non-urgent care needs to be considered. It will not only provide for continued access to important services that can be delivered remotely but will reduce the risks of COVID-19 infection for both the client and the health workers.The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 and its spread to 216 countries within the first eight months has created a huge strain on health systems across the world. Health care workers (HCWs) at the fore-front of combating the pandemic are largely at risk of infection with the number of infected HCWs increasing daily in many countries. Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, focus of laws and policies have largely been on the responsibilities of HCWs with little or no attention paid to their rights and protection. The increased rate of infection among health workers and the inadequate conditions under which HCWs have carried out their life- saving responsibilities during the pandemic has created the need to change the narrative by focusing on policy formulation and implementation to ensure that HCWs rights are protected. We endorse the widespread use of the WHO recommendations on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak Rights, Roles and Responsibilities of Health workers, including key considerations for occupational safety and health.Except for such rare situations where it might be determined absence of physician's imputability, physicians cannot ̳save the most lives while respecting the legal rights of the patient' without violating the overarching principle ̳every human life has equal value'. Arguing to the contrary is a conscious hypocritical attitude, or in other words, a fiction. Medical law and ethics long since carry with its various fictions. Furthermore, in a public health emergency such as the current COVID-19 crisis, medical law and ethics change and shift the focus from the patient-centered model towards the public health-centered model. Under these particular circumstances, this fiction becomes striking, and it can no longer be swept under the rug. As health emergencies can happen anywhere, anytime, the patient prioritization in circumstances of limited resources should be accepted. Medical law and ethics should back away from strict commitment to placing paramount emphasis on the value of human life. It is time for medical law and ethics to leave taboo-related hypocritical attitudes, and venture to make a historic compromise. To do so, three principles should be met subsidiarity, proportionality, and consensus and social proof.Contact tracing is the process of identifying, assessing, and managing people who have been exposed to a disease to prevent onward transmission. It is an essential public health tool and a crucial component to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic response in Lagos State, Nigeria. This contact tracing exercise is the largest one to be conducted in the megacity and is leveraging on the expertise of professionals across different strata of the health care system. Following the confirmation of a positive case of COVID-19; the State's contact tracing team commenced investigations by identifying contacts and following them up daily for 14 days from the last point of exposure. In the process of conducting this large-scale exercise, several lessons that can improve contact tracing outcomes such as the need for community mobilizers and decentralization, the importance of technology and communication campaigns were learnt and can serve as good practice for other implementers.

This original research examines a full-scale subsurface Constructed Wetland (CW) system in Indonesia, where most CW research has been limited to laboratory scale experiments. The CW system was located in Bali and built in 2015 in a single series formation. This study aims to demonstrate the performance of the system in treating greywater and examine the nutrient content plants' above-ground biomass. The CW was arranged in linear sequence composed of one unplanted (CW1) and five planted treatments of Iris pseudacorus (CW2), Caladium bicolor (CW3), Rhoe discolor (CW4), Sansevieria trifasciata (CW5) and Heliconia psittacorum (CW6). There has been little research on Caladium bicolor, Rhoe discolor and Sansevieria trifasciata in a full-scale CW application. Our results showed fluctuating efficiency (%) in the reduction of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Oil and Grease (O&G), Nitrate and Phosphate. #link# The highest removal efficiency for CW1, CW2, CW3, CW4, CW5, CW6 were O&G (63.63%), BOD (90.66%), Nitrate (83.55%), BOD (80%), BOD (82.88%) and Phosphate (89.93%) respectively. After the experimental period, S. trifasciata and H. psittacorum experienced a decrease in Total N concentration, while H. psittacorum experienced a decrease in phosphate in above-ground biomass. Species of R. discolor, C. bicolor and I. pseudacorus showed good performance in terms of their growth and development. Although high removal efficiency was observed at certain times, this study showed the negative removal efficiencies at times among parameters as a consequence of the low Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and high Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR).[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.02.002.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.10.002.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.12.001.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.10.004.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.06.001.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.03.002.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.02.003.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.10.001.].The prevalence of Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in an under-surveyed area of Bengo Province, Angola, was determined by surveying 22 communities with a combination of clinical, serological and DNA diagnostics. Additional information was collected on participants' duration of residency, access to mass drug administration, knowledge of insect vectors and use of bednets. A total of 1616 individuals (38.1% male 61.9% female), with an average age of 43 years, were examined. For L. loa, 6.2% (n = 100/16616) individuals were found to have eyeworm, based on the rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) surveys, and 11.5% (n =178/1543) based on nested PCR analyses of venous blood. L. loa prevalences in long-term residents (>10 years) and older individuals (>60 years) were significantly higher, and older men with eyeworm were better informed about Chrysops vectors. For O. volvulus, 4.7% (n = 74/1567) individuals were found to be positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ov 16 ELISA), with only three individuals reporting to have ever taken ivermectin. For W. bancrofti, no infections were found using the antigen-based immunochromatographic test (ICT) and real-time PCR analysis; however, 27 individuals presented with lymphatic filariasis (LF) related clinical conditions (lymphoedema = 11, hydrocoele = 14, both = 2). Just under half (45.5%) of the participants owned a bednet, with the majority (71.1%) sleeping under it the night before. link2 Our approach of using combination diagnostics reveals the age-prevalence of loiasis alongside low endemicity of onchocerciasis and LF. Future research foci should be on identifying opportunities for more cost-effective ways to eliminate onchocerciasis and to develop innovative surveillance modalities for clinical LF for individual disease management and disability prevention.Based on the instructions in "Guide for authors", our manuscript is a case reports and was submitted under "Letters to the Editor", which should not include an abstract.This study aimed to establish an efficient planning technique for low dose whole lung treatment that can be implemented rapidly and safely. The treatment technique developed here relied only on chest radiograph and a simple empirical monitor unit calculation formula. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Raltitrexed.html in real patient anatomy, including both nonCOVID and COVID-19 patients, which took into account tissue heterogeneity showed that the dose delivered to lungs had reasonable uniformity even with this simple and quick setup.Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and most patients are unsuitable for 'gold standard' treatment, which is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. CONCORDE is a platform study seeking to establish the toxicity profiles of multiple novel radiosensitisers targeting DNA repair proteins in patients treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy. Time-to-event continual reassessment will facilitate efficient dose-finding.
Reductions in perioperative surgical site infections are obtained by a multifaceted approach including patient decolonization, vascular care, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning. Associated surveillance of
transmission quantifies the effectiveness of these basic measures to prevent transmission of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to patients and clinicians, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. In this prospective cohort study, we measured sampling times for inexperienced and experienced personnel.

OR PathTrac kits included 6 samples collected before the start of surgery and 7 after surgery. The time for consent also was recorded. We obtained 1677 measurements of time among 132 cases.

Sampling times were not significantly affected by technician's experience, type of anesthetic, or patient's American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status. Sampling times before the start of surgery averaged less than 5min (3.39min [SE 0.23],
< 0.0001). Sampling times after surgery took approximately 5min (4.39 [SE 0.25],
=0.015). Total sampling times averaged less than 10min without consent (7.79 [SE 0.50],
< 0.0001), and approximately 10min with consent (10.22 [0.56],
=0.70).

For routine use of monitoring
transmission, when done by personnel already present in the operating rooms of the cases, the personnel time budget can be 10min per case.
For routine use of monitoring S. aureus transmission, when done by personnel already present in the operating rooms of the cases, the personnel time budget can be 10 min per case.A recent outburst of the pandemic caused by a member of the coronaviridae family identified as SARS-CoV-2. The highly contagious nature of the virus allows it to spread rapidly worldwide and caused severe healthcare and economic distress. So far, no proper line of treatment or vaccines has been available against SARS-CoV-2. Since, the infected people rapidly increased, causing the saturation of healthcare systems with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. As the virus spread to new locations it also acquired various mutations. Here, in this study, we focused on identifying mutations in one of the crucial complex of SARS-CoV-2, the Nsp10-Nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase complex. This complex plays indispensable role in the post-transcriptional modifications of viral RNA by its capping. We analysed 208 sequences of Nsp10-Nsp16 reported from India and compared with first reported sequence from Wuhan, China. Our analysis revealed a single mutation in Nsp10 and five mutations in Nsp16 protein. We also show that these mutations are leading to alteration in the secondary structure of Nsp10-Nsp16. Further, the protein modelling studies revealed that the mutation of both Nsp10-Nsp16 impacts the protein dynamicity and stability. Altogether, this study provides novel insights into the variations observed in the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that might have functional consequences.Each fatty acid (FA) or class of FAs has a different behavior in the pathologies of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the concentration of each fatty acid in the fraction of free fatty acids (FFAs) and total lipids in human plasma after short-term therapy with rosuvastatin as a cholesterol-lowering statin drug. Six hypercholesterolemic men on a habitual diet were studied in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover process. They received 20 mg rosuvastatin or placebo in random order, each for 4 weeks and after 2 weeks of washout period, they received another medication (placebo or rosuvastatin) for another period of 4 weeks. Rosuvastatin treatment significantly decreased the absolute concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated FAs in the total FAs as well as in FFAs. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 and 22 carbon atoms in the molecule had no significant change in the fraction of FFAs. link3 Rosuvastatin is directly involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and indirectly through cholesterol homeostasis in the biosynthesis of other plasma lipids. In conclusion, our findings show that rosuvastatin treatment leads to significant changes in the concentration of each fatty acid, except for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in FFAs. Our observations indicate that cholesterol homeostasis through its regulatory mechanisms appears to be the main cause of changes in the concentration of each plasma fatty acid during rosuvastatin treatment. These changes can be a source of beneficial consequences, in addition to lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cardiovascular diseases.The treatment of methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) increases sensitivity to the DNA damage which, further leads to the cell death followed by a cell cycle delay. Delay in the cell cycle is because of the change in global transcription regulation which results into proteome change. There are several microarray studies on the transcriptome changes after MMS treatment, but very few studies are reported related to proteome change. The proteome analysis in this report identified subgroups of proteins, belonging to known cell cycle regulators, metabolic pathways and protein folding. About 53 proteins were identified by MS/MS and found that 36 of them were induced, 10 were repressed and few of them showed insignificant change. Our results indicated the change in the interactome as well as phosphorylation status of carboxy terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II (RNAP-II) after MMS treatment. The RNAP-II complex was affinity purified and ~1640 peptides were identified using nano LC/MS corresponding to 27 interacting proteins along with the twelve RNAP-II subunit. These identified proteins participated in the repair of the damage, changes the function of the main energetic pathways and the carbon flux in various end products. The main metabolic enzymes in the glycolysis, pyruvate phosphate and amino acid biosynthesis pathways showed significant change. Our results indicate that DNA damage is somehow related to these pathways and is co-regulated simultaneously.