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33 mins ago


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Derived by the Indian video game Pachisi, Ludo has achieved global recognition. Its universal elegance lies in the accessibility to participants of most age groups, available both on the web and offline. Intended for those seeking money-earning games with actual cash rewards, MPL Ludo is the perfect choice, giving various game different versions for an interesting and rewarding knowledge!

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1 hr ago


The recollection, rather than the familiarity, contributed to the repetition effect. In addition, the memory enhancement was manifested in each encoding condition and retention interval, especially for the "same" condition and at 10-min and 1-day intervals. These results clarify how repetition influences item and contextual memories during discriminative learning and suggest that multiple exposures render the details more vividly remembered and retained over time when elaborative encoding is emphasized.Emotion regulation (ER) plays a vital role in individuals' well-being and successful functioning. In this study, we attempted to develop a computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to efficiently evaluate ER, namely the CAT-ER. The initial CAT-ER item bank comprised 154 items from six commonly used ER scales, which were completed by 887 participants recruited in China. We conducted unidimensionality testing, item response theory (IRT) model comparison and selection, and IRT item analysis including local independence, item fit, differential item functioning, and item discrimination. Sixty-three items with good psychometric properties were retained in the final CAT-ER. Then, two CAT simulation studies were implemented to assess the CAT-ER, which revealed that the CAT-ER developed in this study performed reasonably well, considering that it greatly lessened the test items and time without losing measurement accuracy.The World Health Organization declares coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, and The World Economic Forum argues that the COVID-19-induced global lockdown is the biggest psychological experiment. This study is an attempt to empirically evaluate the possible adverse psychosocial effects caused by COVID-19-related lockdown, if any. To do so, a cross-sectional study is conducted based on a comprehensive online survey using snowball sampling to analyze the level of social and psychological impacts (i.e., stress, belief in stakeholders, fear of losing job, and life satisfaction) during the early stage of the outbreak in Pakistan. The questionnaire is filled out by the residents in Pakistan including working professionals and students (sample size is 428). We find that the development of stress due to COVID-19-induced lockdown is particularly because of mood swings. Additionally, a higher prevalence of stress in the children of highly educated mothers is evident (95% confidence). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/xmd8-92.html To assess the belief in stakeholders, we focus gender, demographics, and education. It is observed that parental education and age significantly affect the belief in several stakeholders (i.e., government, media, religious clerics, and family). The lockdown-induced fear of losing job is lower in female and male children whose fathers are graduates. Lastly, we observe that food storage and "no fear of losing job" significantly increases the odds of life satisfaction. These findings have important implications in the context of social insurance, parental education, and policy related to COVID-19 at various levels. This study further facilitates to understand the factors that might affect the mental health and life satisfaction of people during such pandemics.Prior research has identified age 9-11 as a critical period for the development of the control-of-variables strategy (CVS). We examine the stability of interindividual differences in children's CVS skills with regard to their precursor skills during this critical developmental period. To this end, we relate two precursor skills of CVS at age 9 to four skills constituting fully developed CVS more than 2 years later, controlling for children's more general cognitive development. Note that N = 170 second- to fourth-graders worked on multiple choice-assessments of their understanding of indeterminacy of evidence and of confounding. We find relations between these two precursor skills and children's CVS skills 2 years later at age 11 in planning, identifying, and interpreting controlled experiments, and in recognizing the inconclusiveness of confounded comparisons (understanding). In accordance with the perspective that both indeterminacy and confounding constitute critical, related yet distinct elements of CVS, both precursor skills contribute to the prediction of later CVS. Together, the two precursor skills can explain 39% of students' later CVS mastery. Overall, the understanding of indeterminacy is a stronger predictor of fully developed CVS than that of confounding. The understanding of confounding, however, is a better predictor of the more difficult CVS sub-skills of understanding the inconclusiveness of confounded comparisons, and of planning a correctly controlled experiment. Importantly, both precursor skills maintain interactive predictive strength when controlling for children's general cognitive abilities and reading comprehension, showing that the developmental dynamics of CVS and its precursor skills cannot be fully ascribed to general cognitive development. We discuss implications of these findings for theories about the development of CVS and broader scientific reasoning.Antipsychotic drugs represent the most effective treatment for chronic psychotic disorders. The newer second generation drugs offer the advantage of fewer neurological side-effects compared to prior drugs, but many cause serious metabolic side-effects. The underlying physiology of these side-effects is not well-understood, but evidence exists to indicate that the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role. In order to examine this possibility further, we treated separate groups of adult female rats acutely with either the first generation antipsychotic drug haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) or the second generation drugs risperidone (0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg), clozapine (2 or 20 mg/kg), olanzapine (3 or 15 mg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected prior to drug and then 30, 60, 120, and 180 mins after treatment. Plasma samples were assayed by HPLC-ED for levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Results confirmed that all antipsychotics increased peripheral catecholamines, although this was drug and dose dependent. For norepinephrine, haloperidol caused the smallest maximum increase (+158%], followed by risperidone (+793%), olanzapine (+952%) and clozapine (+1,684%). A similar pattern was observed for increases in epinephrine levels by haloperidol (+143%], olanzapine (+529%), risperidone (+617%) then clozapine (+806%). Dopamine levels increased moderately with olanzapine [+174%], risperidone [+271%], and clozapine [+430%]. Interestingly, levels of the catecholamines did not correlate strongly with each other prior to treatment at baseline, but were increasingly correlated after treatment as time proceeded. The results demonstrate antipsychotics can potently regulate peripheral catecholamines, in a manner consistent with their metabolic liability.

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06/02/2023

On this episode of Direct Impact, host Rick Sanchez spoke to political analyst Kiji Noh about the long-standing conflict between China and India, and how it has transpired into an "Eastern Cold War" for control of an imperative territory that neither super power is ready to concede. Rick and Kiji dissect the issues between the two nations and introduce the secret players amplifying the conflict for political gains.

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Videos

06/02/2023

On this episode of Direct Impact, host Rick Sanchez spoke to political analyst Kiji Noh about the long-standing conflict between China and India, and how it has transpired into an "Eastern Cold War" for control of an imperative territory that neither super power is ready to concede. Rick and Kiji dissect the issues between the two nations and introduce the secret players amplifying the conflict for political gains.

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15 mins ago


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33 mins ago


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The recollection, rather than the familiarity, contributed to the repetition effect. In addition, the memory enhancement was manifested in each encoding condition and retention interval, especially for the "same" condition and at 10-min and 1-day intervals. These results clarify how repetition influences item and contextual memories during discriminative learning and suggest that multiple exposures render the details more vividly remembered and retained over time when elaborative encoding is emphasized.Emotion regulation (ER) plays a vital role in individuals' well-being and successful functioning. In this study, we attempted to develop a computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to efficiently evaluate ER, namely the CAT-ER. The initial CAT-ER item bank comprised 154 items from six commonly used ER scales, which were completed by 887 participants recruited in China. We conducted unidimensionality testing, item response theory (IRT) model comparison and selection, and IRT item analysis including local independence, item fit, differential item functioning, and item discrimination. Sixty-three items with good psychometric properties were retained in the final CAT-ER. Then, two CAT simulation studies were implemented to assess the CAT-ER, which revealed that the CAT-ER developed in this study performed reasonably well, considering that it greatly lessened the test items and time without losing measurement accuracy.The World Health Organization declares coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, and The World Economic Forum argues that the COVID-19-induced global lockdown is the biggest psychological experiment. This study is an attempt to empirically evaluate the possible adverse psychosocial effects caused by COVID-19-related lockdown, if any. To do so, a cross-sectional study is conducted based on a comprehensive online survey using snowball sampling to analyze the level of social and psychological impacts (i.e., stress, belief in stakeholders, fear of losing job, and life satisfaction) during the early stage of the outbreak in Pakistan. The questionnaire is filled out by the residents in Pakistan including working professionals and students (sample size is 428). We find that the development of stress due to COVID-19-induced lockdown is particularly because of mood swings. Additionally, a higher prevalence of stress in the children of highly educated mothers is evident (95% confidence). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/xmd8-92.html To assess the belief in stakeholders, we focus gender, demographics, and education. It is observed that parental education and age significantly affect the belief in several stakeholders (i.e., government, media, religious clerics, and family). The lockdown-induced fear of losing job is lower in female and male children whose fathers are graduates. Lastly, we observe that food storage and "no fear of losing job" significantly increases the odds of life satisfaction. These findings have important implications in the context of social insurance, parental education, and policy related to COVID-19 at various levels. This study further facilitates to understand the factors that might affect the mental health and life satisfaction of people during such pandemics.Prior research has identified age 9-11 as a critical period for the development of the control-of-variables strategy (CVS). We examine the stability of interindividual differences in children's CVS skills with regard to their precursor skills during this critical developmental period. To this end, we relate two precursor skills of CVS at age 9 to four skills constituting fully developed CVS more than 2 years later, controlling for children's more general cognitive development. Note that N = 170 second- to fourth-graders worked on multiple choice-assessments of their understanding of indeterminacy of evidence and of confounding. We find relations between these two precursor skills and children's CVS skills 2 years later at age 11 in planning, identifying, and interpreting controlled experiments, and in recognizing the inconclusiveness of confounded comparisons (understanding). In accordance with the perspective that both indeterminacy and confounding constitute critical, related yet distinct elements of CVS, both precursor skills contribute to the prediction of later CVS. Together, the two precursor skills can explain 39% of students' later CVS mastery. Overall, the understanding of indeterminacy is a stronger predictor of fully developed CVS than that of confounding. The understanding of confounding, however, is a better predictor of the more difficult CVS sub-skills of understanding the inconclusiveness of confounded comparisons, and of planning a correctly controlled experiment. Importantly, both precursor skills maintain interactive predictive strength when controlling for children's general cognitive abilities and reading comprehension, showing that the developmental dynamics of CVS and its precursor skills cannot be fully ascribed to general cognitive development. We discuss implications of these findings for theories about the development of CVS and broader scientific reasoning.Antipsychotic drugs represent the most effective treatment for chronic psychotic disorders. The newer second generation drugs offer the advantage of fewer neurological side-effects compared to prior drugs, but many cause serious metabolic side-effects. The underlying physiology of these side-effects is not well-understood, but evidence exists to indicate that the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role. In order to examine this possibility further, we treated separate groups of adult female rats acutely with either the first generation antipsychotic drug haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) or the second generation drugs risperidone (0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg), clozapine (2 or 20 mg/kg), olanzapine (3 or 15 mg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected prior to drug and then 30, 60, 120, and 180 mins after treatment. Plasma samples were assayed by HPLC-ED for levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Results confirmed that all antipsychotics increased peripheral catecholamines, although this was drug and dose dependent. For norepinephrine, haloperidol caused the smallest maximum increase (+158%], followed by risperidone (+793%), olanzapine (+952%) and clozapine (+1,684%). A similar pattern was observed for increases in epinephrine levels by haloperidol (+143%], olanzapine (+529%), risperidone (+617%) then clozapine (+806%). Dopamine levels increased moderately with olanzapine [+174%], risperidone [+271%], and clozapine [+430%]. Interestingly, levels of the catecholamines did not correlate strongly with each other prior to treatment at baseline, but were increasingly correlated after treatment as time proceeded. The results demonstrate antipsychotics can potently regulate peripheral catecholamines, in a manner consistent with their metabolic liability.

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This study utilized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify gadolinium in the hair of autopsy cases that had received gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) before death. Consecutive autopsy cases were reviewed for GBCA injections and subjects who received a single type of GBCA in the year before death were included. Hair samples were analyzed using LA-ICP-MS as a line scan technique and parameters were optimized to maximize instrument sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Linear regression analyses between hair measures and gadolinium dose were executed. LA-ICP-MS analysis produced a time-resolved record of GCBA exposure, with the position of the gadolinium peak maxima along the hair shaft providing a good estimate for the day that GBCA injection occurred (R2 = 0.46; p = 0.0022); however, substantial within and between subject variation in the position of the GBCA peak was observed. Average area under the curve for gadolinium peaks in the hair samples was a better predictor of gadolinium dose (R2 = 0.41; p = 0.0046), compared to the average of peak maxima concentration. Correlation between area under the curve and dose suggests that LA-ICP-MS analysis of hair may be an effective method to evaluate gadolinium levels in subjects in vivo after exposure to GBCAs. This study demonstrates that analysis of human hair using techniques with high spatial resolution such as LA-ICP-MS has excellent potential to reveal time-dependent signatures of past exposures.A novel stability-enhanced graphene quantum dot (GQD)-decorated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cell membrane chromatography was constructed to study the potential application of GQDs in bioaffinity chromatography, and to screen active components acting on EGFR from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The carboxyl groups on the surface of GQDs reacted with the amino groups of the amino-silica gel (SiO2-NH2) to form a covalent bond, thereby preparing the GQD-decorated silica gel (SiO2-GQDs). The EGFR cell membrane was further immobilized on the SiO2-GQDs through the same covalent binding method to obtain the GQD-decorated cell membrane stationary phase (SiO2-GQDs-CMSP). In this way, the cell membrane was firmly immobilized on the decorated silica carrier. The life span and stability of the GQD-decorated cell membrane chromatographic (SiO2-GQDs-CMC) column were both enhanced, and the optimal immobilization conditions of the EGFR cell membrane were also determined. This model was then verified by establishing a SiO2-GQDs-CMC online liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight (LC-IT-TOF) system to screen possible active components in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. As a result, praeruptorin B (Pra-B) was screened out, and its inhibitory effect against EGFR cell growth was evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Molecular docking assay was also conducted to further estimate the interaction between Pra-B and EGFR. Overall, this research indicated that GQDs may be a promising nanomaterial to be used in prolonging the life span of the CMC column, and Pra-B could be a potential EGFR inhibitor so as to treat cancer.A wide range of micropollutants can be monitored with non-targeted screening; however, the quantification of the newly discovered compounds is challenging. Transformation products (TPs) are especially problematic because analytical standards are rarely available. Here, we compared three quantification approaches for non-target compounds that do not require the availability of analytical standards. The comparison is based on a unique set of concentration data for 341 compounds, mainly pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their TPs in 31 groundwater samples from Switzerland. The best accuracy was observed with the predicted ionization efficiency-based quantification, the mean error of concentration prediction for the groundwater samples was a factor of 1.8, and all of the 74 micropollutants detected in the groundwater were quantified with an error less than a factor of 10. The quantification of TPs with the parent compounds had significantly lower accuracy (mean error of a factor of 3.8) and could only be applied to a fraction of the detected compounds, while the mean performance (mean error of a factor of 3.2) of the closest eluting standard approach was similar to the parent compound approach.Neospora caninum is a protozoan that can cause reproductive problems in several animal species. Although N. caninum infection has been reported in swine, the pathogenesis and clinical signs are not fully known in this species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of experimental infection with tachyzoites of the N. caninum strain Nc1 in swine matrices at different stages of gestation. For that purpose, 12 gilts, seronegative for N. caninum and T. gondii, were selected and allocated into four groups of three animals each. Animals in group A were not inoculated (control) and animals in groups B, C, and D were inoculated intravenously with of 2.9 × 107 tachyzoites, 30 days before conception, and at 45 and 90 days of gestation, respectively. Temperature, heart rate, blood, saliva, and vaginal mucus samples from the animals were collected periodically until the time of delivery for the investigation of IgG and IgM antibodies against N. caninum using IFAT and PCR to detect the parasite DNA. All gilts sero-converted from 5 and 7 DPI (days postinoculation) to IgM and IgG, respectively. Two gilts showed hypothermia on the 5th and 7th DPI, and five inoculated animals had leukocytosis on the 7th DPI. It was possible to detect DNA of N. caninum in samples of saliva (33/84), vaginal mucus (17/84), and blood (2/84). Based on serology (IgM) and PCR, three animals in group B showed evidence of reappearance of the infection during pregnancy. It is concluded that N. caninum can cause clinical signs in infected swine females, in addition to indicating saliva as a suitable diagnostic biological material for the detection of N. caninum DNA in this animal species.Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, mainly due to favorable climate conditions and reduced adoption of preventive measures. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the prevalence of CVBDs in Iran and Pakistan where limited data are available. Blood samples were collected from 403 dogs from six provinces in Iran and Pakistan to assess the presence of pathogen DNA (i.e., Anaplasma spp., Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., filarioids, and Leishmania spp.). Sera were also screened by an immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of antibodies against Leishmania infantum. In total, 46.9% of dogs scored positive to Hepatozoon canis being the most frequently detected (41.4%), followed by Anaplasma platys (6.4%), Ehrlichia canis (3.4%), Rickettsia spp. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-typ.html (2.2%), Babesia vogeli (1.0%), and L. infantum (0.3%). A seroprevalence of 9.6% to anti-L. infantum IgG was also recorded. Data reported herein demonstrate that dogs from Iran and Pakistan are at a high risk of CVBDs, particularly of canine hepatozoonosis.

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An undescribed iridoid (valeridoid A) and five undescribed bis-iridoids (valeridoids B-F), along with four known ones, were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS spectroscopic data. In addition, 8,9-didehydro-7-hydroxydolichodial and valeridoid F were found to inhibit the growth of three human glioma stem cells (GSC-3#, GSC-12# and GSC-18#). Ritual healing is one of the core topics in anthropology and is also important in psychology. The key aim of this study is to investigate and explore the understanding of religious perspectives of ritual healing and trance practices in Muslim shrines in Pakistan. Several studies have been conducted to highlight the shrines in Muslim countries to demonstrate the Sufi tradition in Islam, where the followers seek healing and use the Sufi saints as intermediaries for the fulfillment of their desires. In Pakistan, the shrine of Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar provides a vital cultural, religious, psychological, and social resource where people get involved in religious rituals and trances. A sample of 70 devotees was randomly interviewed with the help of qualitative research methods such as semi-structured and in-depth interviewed, key informants included observation were used for data collection. The major focus of this study is on the religious rituals of healing and the overall assumption that people engage in this practice according to their socio-cultural needs, and followers of the shrine in the living community seek healing rituals to address their social ailments as well as physical and emotional problems. They engage in different types of rituals, including trances, with different objectives. The research goal is to discover the chief motive of devotees who visit the shrine for the rituals and religious practices. These findings of this study propose that shrine ritual healing is powerful not so much because of the specific practice of exorcist rituals, but because the practice is associated with sacred activities and religious rituals performed by thousands of people throughout the years. The modification of phononic crystals by surface structuring allows obtaining a new parameter describing the dynamics of the structure produced in this way. We have investigated the dispersion relation of surface acoustic waves propagating in a phononic material which is based on nanometer-scale surface modulation using interconnected one-dimensional array of stripes and a two-dimensional array of pillars. The influence of these two array components on the dispersion relation has been determined experimentally (Brillouin light scattering) and theoretically (Finite Element Method). The interaction of these two nanostructures supports a new mode which is not observed in independent structures of pillars and stripes. The influence of the relative position of these two nanostructures on the frequency of the new mode has been determined. The present paper studies experimentally and numerically the surface acoustic wave (SAW) field on a piezoelectric substrate generated by interdigital transducers (IDT). On the one hand, mechanical displacements produced by the SAW are measured with the help of a laser Doppler vibrometer. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html On the other hand, mechanical displacements are computed by the two-dimensional finite element method in frequency domain followed by the spatial Fourier transform. Combining these two steps of computations results in the intended two-dimensional distribution of mechanical displacements on the substrate surface. The comparison of experimental and numerical data obtained for a series of different IDTs reveals that it is possible to estimate the shape of the SAW beam and the absolute value of mechanical displacement amplitude using only the basic parameters of the IDT and its electrical admittance measured by a network analyzer. This study reports the differences in toxic action between cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by recently developed xanthate-mediated method. The aquatic toxicity of the synthesized NPs on four marine microalgae species was explored. Growth rate, esterase activity, membrane potential, and morphological changes of microalgae cells were evaluated using flow cytometry and optical microscopy. CdS and ZnS NPs demonstrated similar level of general toxicity and growth-rate inhibition to all used microalgae species, except the red algae P. purpureum. More specifically, CdS NPs caused higher inhibition of growth rate for C. muelleri and P. purpureum, while ZnS NPs were more toxic for A. ussuriensis and H. akashiwo species. Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of different microalgae species to CdS and ZnS NPs depends on the chemical composition of NPs and their ability to interact with the components of microalgal cell-wall. The red microalga was highly resistant to ZnS NPs most likely due to the presence of phycoerythrin proteins in the outer membrane bound Zn2+ cations defending their cells from further toxic influence. The treatment with CdS NPs caused morphological changes and biochemical disorder in all tested microalgae species. The toxicity of CdS NPs is based on their higher photoactivity under visible light irradiation and lower dissociation in water, which allows them to generate more reactive oxygen species and create a higher risk of oxidative stress to aquatic organisms. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the parameters affecting the aquatic toxicity of semiconductor NPs and provide a basis for further investigations. BACKGROUND The presence of pesticides in honey and related products is an increasing concern for consumers and producers, although there is lack of data on the current burden of exposure of the general human population through these products. We present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of contamination to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides of products from honeybees, and an estimation of how much the consumption of these products contributes to the ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) of selected substances. OBJECTIVES We aim to systematically review and meta-analyse studies on the contamination to plant protection products in honey, royal jelly, beeswax and propolis, applying the Navigation Guide and WHO-ILO systematic review methodology as an organizing framework. DATA SOURCES We will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from PubMed, TOXNET and EMBASE. We will include quantitative studies analysing the contamination from insecticides, herbicides and fungicides in honey, propolis, royal jelly and beeswax.