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02/06/2025


To create a larger, more representative community comparison sample of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) data to facilitate assessment of cognitive function in research studies.

National US community-based survey.

In total, 6747 healthy adults aged 23 to 84 years (53% female; mean age = 55 years, SD = 13).

Secondary data analysis of BTACT data collected from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) II and MIDUS Refresher cohorts.

The BTACT, a brief (15-20 minute) measure of global cognitive function validated for telephone administration.

This article provides BTACT community comparison sample data based on age, sex, and education from a national sample. Similar to other cognitive measures, BTACT scores decreased with age and increased with education.

The BTACT community comparison sample will facilitate investigation of cognitive functioning in large-scale traumatic brain injury research studies and will support secondary analysis of existing BTACT data gathered through the MIDUS study.
The BTACT community comparison sample will facilitate investigation of cognitive functioning in large-scale traumatic brain injury research studies and will support secondary analysis of existing BTACT data gathered through the MIDUS study.
To test sleep quality as one mechanistic pathway through which repeated concussion increases risk of depression later in life among former contact sport athletes.

Multicenter study enrolled former American collegiate football players from 16 different National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions.

Fifty-eight former American collegiate football players approximately 15 years following sport discontinuation.

Participants completed in-person evaluations including comprehensive semistructured interviews with detailed concussion history and sport history, as well as self-reported measures of depression symptom severity (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-4-hydroxytamoxifen.html Years of football participation were included as a covariate. Mediation modeling examined the degree to which sleep quality accounted for the association between repeated concussion and depression symptoms.

Within the mediation model, concussion history significantly predicted sleep quality (is mediated by sleep quality, a common sequela of mTBI. These findings highlight potential opportunities for prophylactic sleep-related intervention among individuals with multiple prior concussions to mitigate the risk of depression.
To examine associations among compensatory cognitive training (CCT), objective cognitive functioning, and self-reported cognitive symptoms. We examined whether change in objective cognitive functioning associated with participation in CCT at 10-week follow-up mediates change in self-reported cognitive symptoms associated with CCT at 15-week follow-up.

Three VA outpatient mental health clinics.

Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury who reported cognitive deficits.

Randomized controlled trial post hoc causal mediation analysis.

Self-reported cognitive symptoms were measured by the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire and the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire. Objective cognitive functioning was measured using a battery of neuropsychological tests.

Improvement on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) Delayed Recall test mediated the association between participation in CCT and decrease in the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire total score. Improvement on the HVLT-R Total Recall and HVLT-R Delayed Recall tests both meditated the association between participation in CCT and decrease in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire total score. No other measures of objective cognitive functioning were significant mediators.

Patients' perceptions of cognitive symptom improvement due to CCT are partially mediated by learning and memory, though these subjective improvements occur regardless of other changes in objective cognitive functioning associated with CCT.
Patients' perceptions of cognitive symptom improvement due to CCT are partially mediated by learning and memory, though these subjective improvements occur regardless of other changes in objective cognitive functioning associated with CCT.
To evaluate the online, self-guided, interactive Staff TBI Skill Builder training program for paraprofessional staff.

A within-subjects, nonexperimental evaluation involving 79 paraprofessionals and professionals working across a range of settings. Participants completed a pretest (T1), a posttest immediately upon program completion (T2), and follow-up (T3) 60 days after program completion.

(1) Knowledge of basic traumatic brain injury facts; (2) knowledge application; (3) self-efficacy in responding to text-based application scenarios; (4) self-report of skill utilization and effectiveness; and (5) program satisfaction (ease-of-use and usefulness).

Participants demonstrated high levels of knowledge, knowledge application, and self-efficacy at pretest. Despite the high pretest levels, participants showed significant improvements in knowledge application (d = 0.50) after using the program. Nonsignificant gains in knowledge (d = 0.13) and self-efficacy (d = 0.02) were found. The use of selected skills significantly increased from posttest to follow-up. Participants reported high program satisfaction; 99% of the participants indicated that they would recommend the program to others.

These results demonstrate the feasibility of providing interactive, online training for paraprofessionals serving adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.
These results demonstrate the feasibility of providing interactive, online training for paraprofessionals serving adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.
To determine whether blast exposure is associated with brain volume beyond posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and history of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

One hundred sixty-three Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans, 86.5% male, and 68.10% with a history of blast exposure. Individuals with a history of moderate to severe TBI were excluded.

Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Assessment of TBI (MMA-TBI), Salisbury Blast Interview (SBI), and magnetic resonance imaging. Maximum blast pressure experienced from a blast event represented blast severity.

Hierarchical regression analysis evaluated effects of maximum pressure experienced from a blast event on bilateral volume of hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and insula. All analyses adjusted for effects of current and lifetime PTSD diagnosis, and a history of deployment mild TBI.

Maximum blast pressure experienced was significantly associated with lower bilateral hippocampal volume (left ΔR2 = 0.

02/06/2025


ses significantly.
The DECAF score is an effective and feasible predictor for short-term mortality. As a specific and easily scored predictor for patients with AECOPD, DECAF score is superior to other prognostic scores. The DECAF score can correctly identify most patients with AECOPD as low risk, and with the increase of cut-off value, the risk stratification of DECAF score in high-risk population increases significantly.
The Afghanistan war (2003-2014) was a unique period in military medicine. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kribb11.html Many service personnel survived injuries of a severity that would have been fatal at any other time in history; the long-term health outcomes of such injuries are unknown. The
rme
Ser
ices Tr
uma and Rehabilitatio
Out
om
(ADVANCE) study aims to determine the long-term effects on both medical and psychosocial health of servicemen surviving this severe combat related trauma.

ADVANCE is a prospective cohort study. 1200 Afghanistan-deployed male UK military personnel and veterans will be recruited and will be studied at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15 and 20 years. Half are personnel who sustained combat trauma; a comparison group of the same size has been frequency matched based on deployment to Afghanistan, age, sex, service, rank and role. Participants undergo a series of physical health tests and questionnaires through which information is collected on cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, musculoskeletal disease, mental health, functional and social outcomes, quality of life, employment and mortality.

The ADVANCE Study has approval from the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee (protocol no357/PPE/12) agreed 15 January 2013. Its results will be disseminated through manuscripts in clinical/academic journals and presentations at professional conferences, and through participant and stakeholder communications.

The ADVANCE Study is registered at ISRCTN ID ISRCTN57285353.
The ADVANCE Study is registered at ISRCTN ID ISRCTN57285353.
Opioid consumption in France has remained stable over the last 15 years, with much lower levels than in the USA. However, few data are available on patients who consume opioids and their use of the health system. Emergency department (ED) data has never been used as a source to investigate opioid use disorder (OUD) in France.

We used the OSCOUR national surveillance network, collecting daily ED data from 93% of French ED, to select and describe visits and hospitalisations after an OUD-related ED visit between 2010 and 2018 using International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD10) codes. We described the population of interest and used binomial negative regressions to identify factors significantly associated with OUD such as gender, age, administrative region, year of admission and ICD10 codes. We also analysed the related diagnoses.

Trend in ED visits for an OUD-related ED visit.

We recorded 34 362 OUD-related visits out of 97 892 863 ED visits (36.1/100 000 visits). OUD-related visits decreased from 39.2/100 000 visits in 2010 to 32.9/100 000 visits in 2018, resulting in an average yearly decrease of 2.1% (95% CI 1.5% to 2.7%) after multivariate analysis. We recorded 15 966 OUD-related hospitalisations out of 20 359 574 hospitalisations after ED visits (78.4/100 000 hospitalisations) with an increase from 74.0/100 000 hospitalisations in 2010 to 81.4/100 000 hospitalisations in 2018. The analysis of related diagnoses demonstrated mostly polydrug abuse in this population.

While the proportion of OUD visits decreased in the time frame, the hospitalisation proportion increased. The implementation of a nationwide surveillance system for OUD in France using ED visits would provide prompt detection of changes over time.
While the proportion of OUD visits decreased in the time frame, the hospitalisation proportion increased. The implementation of a nationwide surveillance system for OUD in France using ED visits would provide prompt detection of changes over time.
Headache is one of the most prevalent and disabling conditions. Its optimal management requires a coordinated and comprehensive response by health systems, but there is still a wide variability that compromises the quality and safety of the care process.

To establish the basis for designing a care pathway for headache patients through identifying key subpathways in the care process and setting out quality and clinical safety standards that contribute to providing comprehensive, adequate and safe healthcare.

A qualitative research study based on the consensus conference technique. Eleven professionals from the Spanish National Health System participated, seven of them with clinical experience in headache and four specialists in healthcare management and quality. First, identification of the key subpathways in the care process for headache, barriers/limitations for optimal quality of care, and quality and safety standards applied in each subpathway. Second, two consecutive consensus rounds were carried ourds, which can be used to define a pathway for headache patients and determine the levels of quality.
This proposal incorporates a set of indicators and standards, which can be used to define a pathway for headache patients and determine the levels of quality.
The aim of this study was to analyse the status regarding inequities in adult obesity and central obesity in China. Thus, income-related inequality for both diseases and the underlying factors were examined.

The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)-conducted from 1997 to 2011-included 128 307 participants; in this study, 79 566 individuals classified as obese and 65 250 regarded as suffering from central obesity according to the CHNS were analysed. A body mass index greater than 27 was considered indicative of obesity; men and women with a waist circumference of more than 102 cm and 80 cm, respectively, were considered as suffering from central obesity. The concentration index was employed to analyse inequality in adult obesity and central obesity. The decomposition of this index based on a probit model was used to calculate the horizontal inequality index.

The prevalence of adult obesity increased from 8.34% in 1997 to 17.74% in 2011, and that of central obesity increased from 6.52% in 1997 to 16.79% in 2011.

Thursday February 6th!!!

LIVEPRAYER PROGRAM TONIGHT, NOW 11pm-1am est "LIVE" ON LIVEPRAYER FACEBOOK, TWITTER, CLOUTHUB AND RUMBLE!
(Available at 1:15am est on all platforms for On-Demand viewing)

CALL IN FOR PRAYER FROM 11pm-1am est AT: 631-256-1318

Tons of more details about the fraud at USAID....Trump, Trump, and more Trump info of the day....Dems delay Kash vote but can't stop it....DOGE will look into the funding of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan....ICE raid leaked to the press....Dems and the media have a new talking point...The real reason the fake Episcopal bishop slammed Trump on immigration.....Plus your calls and much more on tonight's Liveprayer TV with Bill Keller.

TUNE IN...TELL OTHERS!!!

Videos

Pedro Orta is a highly-decorated former CIA officer. In his 18 years in the Agency he won eight exceptional performance awards for his work in the Middle East, Afghanistan, and in the Office of the Inspector General working, ironically, on whistleblower issues. On this episode of the Whistleblowers, John Kiriakou speaks with Pedro Orta about he took on a political issue from inside the CIA and what he did when he saw evidence the CIA was seeking to undermine a sitting president.

Welcome to The Daily Wrap Up, a concise show dedicated to bringing you the most relevant independent news, as we see it, from the last 24 hours.

All Video Source Links Can Be Found Here At The Last American Vagabond: https://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/us-gov-arming-terrorists-nations

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"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.”

Matthew Hoh is a former soldier, a former diplomat, and a whistleblower. He took part in the American occupation of Iraq, first in Salah al-Din Province with a State Department reconstruction and governance team, and then in al-Anbar Province as a Marine Corps company commander. Whistleblower Matthew Hoh speaks to John Kiriakou about his decision to resign from the US government in protest of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

People

Sorry, no results were found.

Circles

Sorry, no results were found.

Videos

Pedro Orta is a highly-decorated former CIA officer. In his 18 years in the Agency he won eight exceptional performance awards for his work in the Middle East, Afghanistan, and in the Office of the Inspector General working, ironically, on whistleblower issues. On this episode of the Whistleblowers, John Kiriakou speaks with Pedro Orta about he took on a political issue from inside the CIA and what he did when he saw evidence the CIA was seeking to undermine a sitting president.

Welcome to The Daily Wrap Up, a concise show dedicated to bringing you the most relevant independent news, as we see it, from the last 24 hours.

All Video Source Links Can Be Found Here At The Last American Vagabond: https://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/us-gov-arming-terrorists-nations

Want to send a check to support TLAV, or just words of encouragement?
Use our new P.O. box:
Ryan Cristian
1113 Murfreesboro Rd. Ste 106-146
Franklin, Tn 37064

Get TLAV Apparel:
https://truthclothing.io/collections/tlav
https://tlavfreespeech.itemorder.com/shop/home/

Support TLAV through Autonomy:
Join Autonomy: 
https://www.universityofreason.com/a/29887/QZmKjVCA
Ryan Cristián’s Objectivity Course: 
https://marketplace.autonomyagora.com/objective-research
Richard Grove’s Course: 
https://www.universityofreason.com/a/2147526145/QZmKjVCA

Like What You See? Help Us Stay People Funded: 
https://tlavagabond.substack.com/
https://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/donations/donation-form/
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https://cash.app/$TLAVagabond
https://www.buymeacoffee.com/tlavagabond

Bitcoin Donations: 3HybuDuvH4x5uJHemgc7EW4ms2nz3F8Gah
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Litecoin Donations: MX3T2kYvzfD4mNS4VNSyXFgY4abhUJC5ff
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Support The Last American Vagabond by Subscribing here:
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#TLAVPirateStreams #TheDailyWrapUp #TheLastAmericanVagabond

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.”

Matthew Hoh is a former soldier, a former diplomat, and a whistleblower. He took part in the American occupation of Iraq, first in Salah al-Din Province with a State Department reconstruction and governance team, and then in al-Anbar Province as a Marine Corps company commander. Whistleblower Matthew Hoh speaks to John Kiriakou about his decision to resign from the US government in protest of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

03/29/2023

Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin faced questions today in front of the House Armed Services Committee regarding the removal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021.

When asked by Rep. Jim Banks (R-Ind.), Lloyd said he does not have any "regrets" about how the U.S. military withdrew its presence from the country.

“Has anyone been held accountable for what happened in Afghanistan?” Banks asked Austin again, to which the secretary responded, “To my knowledge, no.”

Countries around the world treat their national security whistleblowers harshly, especially when those whistleblowers reveal evidence of war crimes.  One of the best—and most recent—examples is from Australia. David McBride, a former Australian Army attorney, is facing criminal charges for reveling Australian soldiers committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in Afghanistan.  McBride, a decorated combat veteran, now faces the prospect of spending much of the rest of his life in prison.In this episode of the Whistleblowers John Kiriakou sits down with David to discuss his ongoing case.

Posts

02/06/2025


To create a larger, more representative community comparison sample of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) data to facilitate assessment of cognitive function in research studies.

National US community-based survey.

In total, 6747 healthy adults aged 23 to 84 years (53% female; mean age = 55 years, SD = 13).

Secondary data analysis of BTACT data collected from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) II and MIDUS Refresher cohorts.

The BTACT, a brief (15-20 minute) measure of global cognitive function validated for telephone administration.

This article provides BTACT community comparison sample data based on age, sex, and education from a national sample. Similar to other cognitive measures, BTACT scores decreased with age and increased with education.

The BTACT community comparison sample will facilitate investigation of cognitive functioning in large-scale traumatic brain injury research studies and will support secondary analysis of existing BTACT data gathered through the MIDUS study.
The BTACT community comparison sample will facilitate investigation of cognitive functioning in large-scale traumatic brain injury research studies and will support secondary analysis of existing BTACT data gathered through the MIDUS study.
To test sleep quality as one mechanistic pathway through which repeated concussion increases risk of depression later in life among former contact sport athletes.

Multicenter study enrolled former American collegiate football players from 16 different National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions.

Fifty-eight former American collegiate football players approximately 15 years following sport discontinuation.

Participants completed in-person evaluations including comprehensive semistructured interviews with detailed concussion history and sport history, as well as self-reported measures of depression symptom severity (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-4-hydroxytamoxifen.html Years of football participation were included as a covariate. Mediation modeling examined the degree to which sleep quality accounted for the association between repeated concussion and depression symptoms.

Within the mediation model, concussion history significantly predicted sleep quality (is mediated by sleep quality, a common sequela of mTBI. These findings highlight potential opportunities for prophylactic sleep-related intervention among individuals with multiple prior concussions to mitigate the risk of depression.
To examine associations among compensatory cognitive training (CCT), objective cognitive functioning, and self-reported cognitive symptoms. We examined whether change in objective cognitive functioning associated with participation in CCT at 10-week follow-up mediates change in self-reported cognitive symptoms associated with CCT at 15-week follow-up.

Three VA outpatient mental health clinics.

Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury who reported cognitive deficits.

Randomized controlled trial post hoc causal mediation analysis.

Self-reported cognitive symptoms were measured by the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire and the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire. Objective cognitive functioning was measured using a battery of neuropsychological tests.

Improvement on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) Delayed Recall test mediated the association between participation in CCT and decrease in the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire total score. Improvement on the HVLT-R Total Recall and HVLT-R Delayed Recall tests both meditated the association between participation in CCT and decrease in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire total score. No other measures of objective cognitive functioning were significant mediators.

Patients' perceptions of cognitive symptom improvement due to CCT are partially mediated by learning and memory, though these subjective improvements occur regardless of other changes in objective cognitive functioning associated with CCT.
Patients' perceptions of cognitive symptom improvement due to CCT are partially mediated by learning and memory, though these subjective improvements occur regardless of other changes in objective cognitive functioning associated with CCT.
To evaluate the online, self-guided, interactive Staff TBI Skill Builder training program for paraprofessional staff.

A within-subjects, nonexperimental evaluation involving 79 paraprofessionals and professionals working across a range of settings. Participants completed a pretest (T1), a posttest immediately upon program completion (T2), and follow-up (T3) 60 days after program completion.

(1) Knowledge of basic traumatic brain injury facts; (2) knowledge application; (3) self-efficacy in responding to text-based application scenarios; (4) self-report of skill utilization and effectiveness; and (5) program satisfaction (ease-of-use and usefulness).

Participants demonstrated high levels of knowledge, knowledge application, and self-efficacy at pretest. Despite the high pretest levels, participants showed significant improvements in knowledge application (d = 0.50) after using the program. Nonsignificant gains in knowledge (d = 0.13) and self-efficacy (d = 0.02) were found. The use of selected skills significantly increased from posttest to follow-up. Participants reported high program satisfaction; 99% of the participants indicated that they would recommend the program to others.

These results demonstrate the feasibility of providing interactive, online training for paraprofessionals serving adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.
These results demonstrate the feasibility of providing interactive, online training for paraprofessionals serving adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.
To determine whether blast exposure is associated with brain volume beyond posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and history of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

One hundred sixty-three Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans, 86.5% male, and 68.10% with a history of blast exposure. Individuals with a history of moderate to severe TBI were excluded.

Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Assessment of TBI (MMA-TBI), Salisbury Blast Interview (SBI), and magnetic resonance imaging. Maximum blast pressure experienced from a blast event represented blast severity.

Hierarchical regression analysis evaluated effects of maximum pressure experienced from a blast event on bilateral volume of hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and insula. All analyses adjusted for effects of current and lifetime PTSD diagnosis, and a history of deployment mild TBI.

Maximum blast pressure experienced was significantly associated with lower bilateral hippocampal volume (left ΔR2 = 0.

02/06/2025


ses significantly.
The DECAF score is an effective and feasible predictor for short-term mortality. As a specific and easily scored predictor for patients with AECOPD, DECAF score is superior to other prognostic scores. The DECAF score can correctly identify most patients with AECOPD as low risk, and with the increase of cut-off value, the risk stratification of DECAF score in high-risk population increases significantly.
The Afghanistan war (2003-2014) was a unique period in military medicine. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kribb11.html Many service personnel survived injuries of a severity that would have been fatal at any other time in history; the long-term health outcomes of such injuries are unknown. The
rme
Ser
ices Tr
uma and Rehabilitatio
Out
om
(ADVANCE) study aims to determine the long-term effects on both medical and psychosocial health of servicemen surviving this severe combat related trauma.

ADVANCE is a prospective cohort study. 1200 Afghanistan-deployed male UK military personnel and veterans will be recruited and will be studied at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15 and 20 years. Half are personnel who sustained combat trauma; a comparison group of the same size has been frequency matched based on deployment to Afghanistan, age, sex, service, rank and role. Participants undergo a series of physical health tests and questionnaires through which information is collected on cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, musculoskeletal disease, mental health, functional and social outcomes, quality of life, employment and mortality.

The ADVANCE Study has approval from the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee (protocol no357/PPE/12) agreed 15 January 2013. Its results will be disseminated through manuscripts in clinical/academic journals and presentations at professional conferences, and through participant and stakeholder communications.

The ADVANCE Study is registered at ISRCTN ID ISRCTN57285353.
The ADVANCE Study is registered at ISRCTN ID ISRCTN57285353.
Opioid consumption in France has remained stable over the last 15 years, with much lower levels than in the USA. However, few data are available on patients who consume opioids and their use of the health system. Emergency department (ED) data has never been used as a source to investigate opioid use disorder (OUD) in France.

We used the OSCOUR national surveillance network, collecting daily ED data from 93% of French ED, to select and describe visits and hospitalisations after an OUD-related ED visit between 2010 and 2018 using International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD10) codes. We described the population of interest and used binomial negative regressions to identify factors significantly associated with OUD such as gender, age, administrative region, year of admission and ICD10 codes. We also analysed the related diagnoses.

Trend in ED visits for an OUD-related ED visit.

We recorded 34 362 OUD-related visits out of 97 892 863 ED visits (36.1/100 000 visits). OUD-related visits decreased from 39.2/100 000 visits in 2010 to 32.9/100 000 visits in 2018, resulting in an average yearly decrease of 2.1% (95% CI 1.5% to 2.7%) after multivariate analysis. We recorded 15 966 OUD-related hospitalisations out of 20 359 574 hospitalisations after ED visits (78.4/100 000 hospitalisations) with an increase from 74.0/100 000 hospitalisations in 2010 to 81.4/100 000 hospitalisations in 2018. The analysis of related diagnoses demonstrated mostly polydrug abuse in this population.

While the proportion of OUD visits decreased in the time frame, the hospitalisation proportion increased. The implementation of a nationwide surveillance system for OUD in France using ED visits would provide prompt detection of changes over time.
While the proportion of OUD visits decreased in the time frame, the hospitalisation proportion increased. The implementation of a nationwide surveillance system for OUD in France using ED visits would provide prompt detection of changes over time.
Headache is one of the most prevalent and disabling conditions. Its optimal management requires a coordinated and comprehensive response by health systems, but there is still a wide variability that compromises the quality and safety of the care process.

To establish the basis for designing a care pathway for headache patients through identifying key subpathways in the care process and setting out quality and clinical safety standards that contribute to providing comprehensive, adequate and safe healthcare.

A qualitative research study based on the consensus conference technique. Eleven professionals from the Spanish National Health System participated, seven of them with clinical experience in headache and four specialists in healthcare management and quality. First, identification of the key subpathways in the care process for headache, barriers/limitations for optimal quality of care, and quality and safety standards applied in each subpathway. Second, two consecutive consensus rounds were carried ourds, which can be used to define a pathway for headache patients and determine the levels of quality.
This proposal incorporates a set of indicators and standards, which can be used to define a pathway for headache patients and determine the levels of quality.
The aim of this study was to analyse the status regarding inequities in adult obesity and central obesity in China. Thus, income-related inequality for both diseases and the underlying factors were examined.

The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)-conducted from 1997 to 2011-included 128 307 participants; in this study, 79 566 individuals classified as obese and 65 250 regarded as suffering from central obesity according to the CHNS were analysed. A body mass index greater than 27 was considered indicative of obesity; men and women with a waist circumference of more than 102 cm and 80 cm, respectively, were considered as suffering from central obesity. The concentration index was employed to analyse inequality in adult obesity and central obesity. The decomposition of this index based on a probit model was used to calculate the horizontal inequality index.

The prevalence of adult obesity increased from 8.34% in 1997 to 17.74% in 2011, and that of central obesity increased from 6.52% in 1997 to 16.79% in 2011.

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02/05/2025


Recent attempts at mapping Typhoid epidemiology have revealed an enormous burden of disease in developing countries. Countries hitherto believed to have a low incidence, such as the African subcontinent, on accurate mapping were found to have a significant burden of disease. Drug resistance, because of rampant overuse of antibiotics, has driven selection pressure to extensively drug-resistant typhoid becoming a reality in the Indian subcontinent. With widespread travel, importation of this variety of typhoid to nonendemic countries is likely to lead to outbreaks in a nonimmune population.

A strain of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi isolated in Pakistan in 2016 has been responsible for multiple outbreaks in Pakistan and multiple travel-related cases all over the world in United States, UK, and Australia. This novel strain belongs to H58 lineage harbouring a plasmid encoding additional resistance elements like blaCTX-M-15 and a qnrS fluoroquinolone resistance gene. This resistance pattern has rendered many therapeutic options like Ceftriaxone and Fluoroquinolones clinically inactive impacting care in endemic and traveller populations alike.

Changing epidemiology and drug resistance in typhoid indicates that it may be prudent to vaccinate nonimmune travellers travelling to typhoid endemic areas, especially the Indian subcontinent.
Changing epidemiology and drug resistance in typhoid indicates that it may be prudent to vaccinate nonimmune travellers travelling to typhoid endemic areas, especially the Indian subcontinent.
Giardiasis remains a common cause of diarrhea and intestinal enteropathy globally. Here we give an overview of clinical treatment studies and discuss potential mechanisms and molecular targets for in-vitro testing of drug resistance.

Giardia is a cause of disease both in diarrheal and nondiarrheal cases. The prevalence of treatment refractory giardiasis is increasing. Recent studies reveal 5-nitroimidazole refractory infection occurs in up to 50% of cases. Mechanisms of drug resistance are not known. Placebo controlled studies of drug efficacy, taking the self-limiting course of giardiasis into account, has not been reported. No randomized controlled trials of treatment of refractory infection have been performed the last 25 years. Based on the clinical studies reported, combination treatment with a 5-nitroimidazole and a benzimidazole is more effective than repeated courses of 5-nitroimidazole or monotherapies in refractory cases. Quinacrine is effective in refractory cases, but potentially severe side effects limit its use.

A combination of a 5-nitroimidazole and albendazole or mebendazole, and quinacrine monotherapy, are rational choices in nitroimidazole refractory infections, but randomized controlled studies are needed. Further research into more recent clinical isolates is necessary to uncover mechanisms for the increase in metronidazole refractory giardiasis observed during the last decade.
A combination of a 5-nitroimidazole and albendazole or mebendazole, and quinacrine monotherapy, are rational choices in nitroimidazole refractory infections, but randomized controlled studies are needed. Further research into more recent clinical isolates is necessary to uncover mechanisms for the increase in metronidazole refractory giardiasis observed during the last decade.
Focusing on the key developments since January 2019, this review aims to inform policymakers and clinical practitioners on the latest on evolving global polio epidemiology and scientific advancements to guide strategies for eradication.

An upsurge in wild poliovirus type 1 cases in Pakistan and Afghanistan and an expansion of type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus transmission in multiple countries threaten the remarkable progress made over past several decades by the global eradication program. These challenges have also spurred innovation on multiple fronts, including earlier detection, enhanced environmental surveillance and safer and more affordable vaccine options.

A concerted effort to adapt program strategies to address context-specific challenges and continued focus on innovations to enhance detection and response capabilities will be the key to achieve and sustain eradication of all types of polioviruses.
A concerted effort to adapt program strategies to address context-specific challenges and continued focus on innovations to enhance detection and response capabilities will be the key to achieve and sustain eradication of all types of polioviruses.
Several types of Escherichia coli cause acute diarrhea in humans and are responsible for a large burden of disease globally. The purpose of this review is to summarize diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotype definitions and discuss existing and emerging molecular, genomic, and gut microbiome methods to detect, define, and study DEC pathotypes.

DEC pathotypes are currently diagnosed by molecular detection of unique virulence genes. However, some pathotypes have defied coherent molecular definitions because of imperfect gene targets, and pathotype categories are complicated by hybrid strains and isolation of pathotypes from asymptomatic individuals. Recent progress toward more efficient, sensitive, and multiplex DEC pathotype detection has been made using emerging PCR-based technologies. Genomics and gut microbiome detection methods continue to advance rapidly and are contributing to a better understanding of DEC pathotype diversity and functional potential.

DEC pathotype categorizations and detection methods are useful but imperfect. The implementation of molecular and sequence-based methods and well designed epidemiological studies will continue to advance understanding of DEC pathotypes. Additional emphasis is needed on sequencing DEC genomes from regions of the world where they cause the most disease and from the pathotypes that cause the greatest burden of disease globally.
DEC pathotype categorizations and detection methods are useful but imperfect. The implementation of molecular and sequence-based methods and well designed epidemiological studies will continue to advance understanding of DEC pathotypes. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/defactinib.html Additional emphasis is needed on sequencing DEC genomes from regions of the world where they cause the most disease and from the pathotypes that cause the greatest burden of disease globally.

02/05/2025


ed with severity of pulmonary complications. © the authors; licensee ecancermedicalscience.Purpose/objectives Retrospective evidence suggests that the irradiation of stem cells in the periventricular zone (PVZ), specifically the subventricular zone (SVZ), to higher doses may be associated with improved outcomes. Materials/methods This was a prospective study, done from 2012 to 2017 in glioblastoma patients to assess the efficacy of planned irradiation of ipsilateral PVZ and SVZ on survival outcomes. The clinical target volume included the tumour bed with a 1.5-2 cm margin, perilesional oedema and was expanded to encompass the ipsilateral PVZ (5 mm lateral expansion adjacent to the ventricles, including the SVZ, which was a 5 mm expansion lateral to lateral ventricle). The ipsilateral PVZ was planned to receive a dose of ≥50 Gy. Results 89 patients were recruited of which 74 patients were available for the analysis. Median age was 48 years. Mean doses to ipsilateral PVZ and SVZ were 56.2 and 55.1Gy, respectively. Median overall survival in the entire group was 13 months. There was no significant correlation between survival and doses to ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral PVZ and SVZ. Median survival was 16, 12 and 6 months for Eastern Cooperative -Oncology Group (ECOG) PS 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.05). Conclusion Planned irradiation of potential stem cell niches in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere did not result in improved survival as suggested by retrospective studies. Doses to contralateral or bilateral PVZ or SVZ also did not influence survival. © the authors; licensee ecancermedicalscience.Background HER2 status is a predictive biomarker of response to trastuzumab in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. However, there is relatively little known about the role of HER2 in resected gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma in the Western population. Methods Retrospective, observational, single centre study of patients with gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma undergoing surgery with curative intent between January 2007 and June 2014 in the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela. The expression of HER2 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using DAKO-HercepTest™ and gene amplification with DuoCISH using a DAKO-DuoCISH kit. The study of HER2 expression and amplification was carried out in all the patients and it was correlated with classic clinicopathological parameters, survival and recurrence pattern. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/icec0942-hydrochloride.html Results 106 patients were included. HER2 expression was as follows 71.7% HER2 negative, 21.7% HER2 equivocal and 6.6% HER2 positive, or with HER2 overexpression. 13.2% of patients (14/106) had HER2 amplification by DuoCISH. A significant association was seen between overexpression and amplification of HER2 (p less then 0.001).HER2 positivity was associated with the intestinal subtype (p = 0.010) and a low grade of differentiation (p = 0.018). Likewise, HER2 was significantly associated with a worse prognosis overall survival (OS) 32.3 months HER2 positive versus 93.9 months HER2 negative (HR 0.42; confidence interval 95% 0.18-0.93; p = 0.028); and the presence of distant metastasis without accompanying locoregional recurrence (p = 0.048). Conclusion HER2 status defines a subgroup with differentiated clinicopathological characteristics, worse prognosis and distant dissemination, without accompanying locoregional recurrence, in patients with resected gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma operated on in a Western population. © the authors; licensee ecancermedicalscience.Introduction For limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) where concurrent chemoradiotherapy is inappropriate due to tumour bulk, co-morbidities or performance status, sequential treatment using chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy is the standard of care. The outcomes are not well established; we assessed in a single institution, the survival of these patients, prognostic factors and compared to the limited existing literature. Materials and Method Retrospective data was collected on all 59 patients diagnosed with LS-SCLC from 2011 to 2016 who received chemotherapy consisting of Carboplatin or Cisplatin + Etoposide followed by thoracic radiotherapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) +/- prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Results Median age at diagnosis was 66 years (range 46-90). Patients received a median of four cycles of chemotherapy (range 1-6) and all the patients completed a full course of radiotherapy with only one patient experiencing grade >2 radiation induced toxicity. With a median follow up of 20.6 months, 45 patients had died with a median survival of 20.6 months. 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 42%. Age using a cut-off of 65 was prognostic (median OS 25.6 months ≤65 years versus 14.1 months >65 years, p = 0.013) but gender, stage and receipt of PCI were not. Conclusions Most of the literature reporting outcome from sequential treatment in LS-SCLC is old and used a variety of radiotherapy regimens. Our data shows inferior outcomes to the gold standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy but support its usage in less fit patients with reasonable outcome observed. © the authors; licensee ecancermedicalscience.Armed conflict in Afghanistan has continued for close to 40 years and has devastated its health infrastructure. The lack of a cancer care infrastructure has meant that many Afghans seek cancer care in neighbouring countries, like Pakistan. There remains a significant lack of empirical data on the new therapeutic geographies of cancer in contemporary conflicts. This retrospective single centre study explores the therapeutic and clinical geographies of Afghan cancer patients who were treated at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC) in Lahore, Pakistan over a 22-year-period (1995 to 2017) covering major periods of conflict and relative peace. Data was available for 3,489 Afghan patients who received treatment at SKMCH&RC. The mean age at presentation was 42.7 years, and 60% were men. 30.2% came from Kabul and Nangarhar districts of Afghanistan, which have relatively short travel times to Pakistan, but patients from all parts of Afghanistan migrated to SKMCH&RC for treatment. Overall, 34.