ed for AA, following the current version of the JDA AA management guidelines.The mammalian lactoperoxidase system, consisting of lactoperoxidase and the H2 O2 -producing enzyme duox, is our first line of defence against airborne microbes. This system catalyses the production of hypoiodite and hypoiodous acid in the presence of sufficient iodine. These products are highly efficient at destroying the H1N1 virus and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Japan has not been affected as much as other nations during the COVID-19 pandemic (death rate about 10% of the United States), and we think this is due to a diet high in iodine. With this in mind, we suggest four actions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. First, health professionals should study the preventative effect of increasing iodine in the diets of the aged, institutionalized, diabetics andsmokers. Second, the recommended daily intake (RDI) for iodine should be significantly increased, to at least double, the current RDI. Governments should encourage the use and distribution of cheap iodized salts, kelp and seaweed. Third, more research should be done around the physiology and the protective effects of the lactoperoxidase system. Finally, the degradation products of the SARS-CoV-2 viral particle by hypoiodite and hypoiodous acid should be characterized; portions of the damaged particle are likely to elicit stronger immunity and better vaccines.Invited for the cover of this issue are Oleksandr Grygorenko and co-workers at Enamine Ltd., Institute of Organic Chemistry NAS Ukraine, and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The image depicts a musical allegory for chemical synthesis a guitar player in a flask, creating notes that become an orgoboron compound. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202102108.Acne and rosacea are common inflammatory skin conditions present in numerous racial and ethnic groups. There are distinct differences in clinical presentation, exacerbating factors, potential triggers and consequences of both conditions in individuals with skin of colour (SOC, Fitzpatrick skin type III-VI). For example, acne can be complicated by the development of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and keloids scarring in SOC, this can influence treatment choice. Although rosacea is reported less frequently in skin of colour, this may be due to a delayed diagnosis or late presentation due to the difficulty in discerning the classical feature of erythema in darker skin tones. In such cases, additional clues in the history and examination may assist in making the diagnosis. This review aims to summarise nuances in the both diagnosis and management of two these common skin conditions in patients with skin of colour to support clinicians in providing an individualised treatment approach.Quercetin, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, is a flavonoid known for its antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties. Several studies highlight the potential use of quercetin as an antiviral, due to its ability to inhibit the initial stages of virus infection, to be able to interact with proteases important for viral replication, and to reduce inflammation caused by infection. Quercetin could also be useful in combination with other drugs to potentially enhance the effects or synergistically interact with them, in order to reduce their side effects and related toxicity. Since there is no comprehensive compilation about antiviral activities of quercetin and derivates, the aim of this review is providing a summary of their antiviral activities on a set of human viral infections along with mechanisms of action. Thus, the following family of viruses are examined Flaviviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Retroviridae, Picornaviridae, Pneumoviridae, and Filoviridae.
Recent studies have shown low caspofungin concentrations in critically ill patients. In some patients, the therapeutic target, area under the total plasma concentration curve in relation to the minimal inhibition concentration (AUC
/MIC), seems not to be achieved and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been proposed. Caspofungin is highly protein-bound and the effect of reduced plasma protein levels on pharmacodynamics has not been investigated.

Fungal killing activity of caspofungin in vitro was investigated under varying levels of human plasma protein.

Time-kill studies were performed with clinically relevant caspofungin concentrations of 1-9mg/L on four blood isolates of C.glabrata, three susceptible and one strain with reduced susceptibility, in human plasma and plasma diluted to 50% and 25% using Ringer's acetate.

Enhanced fungal killing of the three susceptible strains was observed in plasma with lower protein content (p<.001). AUC
/MIC required for a 1 log
CFU/ml kill at 24h in 50% ag TDM based on total plasma concentrations.Aesthetic ultrasound is used for fat reduction and to improve skin appearance. In this review, the fundamental mechanisms by which ultrasound can alter tissue are outlined. The technologies that are commercially available or under development are discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for safe and effective use of aesthetic ultrasound.
To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with the Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS) for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

A retrospective analysis of the conventional ultrasound and CEUS data of 388 nodules in 355 patients who had undergone thyroid nodule resection was conducted. All nodules had clear pathological results. The CEUS observation indexes included the enhancement degree in the arterial phase (no enhancement, scant punctate-linear enhancement, mild enhancement, moderate enhancement, and high enhancement) and wash-out patterns (rapid wash-out, slow wash-out, and isochronous wash-out). Chi-square test between groups and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to determine the malignant (+1 point) and benign (-1 point) observation indexes that were statistically significant for the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The CEUS and C-TIRADS malignant and benign indexes. The C-TIRADS + CEUS score has a higher value for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules than the C-TIRADS score alone.
The CEUS feature of mild enhancement in the arterial phase and rapid wash-out pattern are suggestive of malignancy and isochronous wash-out pattern is suggestive of benignity. The C-TIRADS + CEUS score has a higher value for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules than the C-TIRADS score alone.
Serum small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are related to coronary disease, but their specific associations with coronary arteriostenosis in Takayasu arteritis (TA) have not been ascertained. This study explored the correlations between serum sdLDL-C and Lp(a) levels and coronary arteriostenosis in TA patients as well as the degree of artery stenosis.

This retrospective study included 190TA patients and 154healthy subjects. TA patients were divided into three categories based on the degree of coronary stenosis Group I, stenosis >50%; Group II, stenosis 1%-50%; and Group III, stenosis 0%. Independent risk factors for coronary arteriostenosis in TA were identified by logistic regression, followed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the specificity and sensitivity of risk factors and Youden's Index score calculation to determine the cutoff points.

Takayasu arteritis patients had significantly higher serum levels of sdLDL-C and Lp(a) than healthy controls (p<0.0001). The total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and Lp(a) levels and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in Group I were significantly higher than those in Groups II and III (p<0.05). An elevated serum sdLDL-C level elevated the risk of coronary arteriostenosis by 5-fold (cutoff value, 0.605mmol/l). An increased serum Lp(a) level increased the risk of coronary arteriostenosis by 3.9-fold (cutoff value, 0.045g/l). An elevated sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio increased the risk of coronary arteriostenosis by 2.1-fold (cutoff value, 0.258).

Serum sdLDL-C and Lp(a) levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio may be used as diagnostic factors for coronary arteriostenosis in TA patients.
Serum sdLDL-C and Lp(a) levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio may be used as diagnostic factors for coronary arteriostenosis in TA patients.
Atopic eczema (AE), also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes significant burden. Phototherapy is sometimes used to treat AE when topical treatments, such as corticosteroids, are insufficient or poorly tolerated.

To assess the effects of phototherapy fortreating AE.

We searched the Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov to January 2021.

We included randomised controlled trials in adults or children with any subtype or severity of clinically diagnosed AE. Eligible comparisons were any type of phototherapy versus other forms of phototherapy or any other treatment, including placebo or no treatment.

We used standard Cochrane methodology. For key findings, we used RoB 2.0 to assess bias, and GRADE to assess certainty of the evidence. Primary outcomes were physician-assessed signs and patient-reported symptoms. Secondary outcomes were Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), safeence for UVA1 compared to NB-UVB or PUVA, and NB-UVB compared to PUVA was very low certainty. More information is needed on the safety and effectiveness of all aspects of phototherapy for treating AE.
Compared to placebo or no treatment, NB-UVB may improve physician-rated signs, patient-reported symptoms, and IGA after 12 weeks, without a difference in withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for UVA1 compared to NB-UVB or PUVA, and NB-UVB compared to PUVA was very low certainty. More information is needed on the safety and effectiveness of all aspects of phototherapy for treating AE.Essential oil products are increasingly used in indoor environments and have been found to negatively contribute to indoor air quality. Moreover, the chemicals and fragrances emitted by those products may affect the central nervous system and cognitive function. This study uses a double-blind between-subject design to investigate the cognitive impact of exposure to the emissions from essential oil used in an ultrasonic diffuser. In a simulated office environment where other environmental parameters were maintained constant, 34 female and 25 male university students were randomly allocated into four essential oil exposure scenarios. The first two scenarios contrast lemon oil to pure deionized water, while the latter two focus on different levels of particulate matter differentiated by HEPA filters with non-scented grapeseed oil as the source. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd0095.html Cognitive function was assessed using a computer-based battery consisting of five objective tests that involve reasoning, response inhabitation, memory, risk-taking, and decision-making. Results show that exposure to essential oil emissions caused shortened reaction time at the cost of significantly worse response inhabitation control and memory sensitivity, indicating potentially more impulsive decision-making. The cognitive responses caused by scented lemon oil and non-scented grapeseed oil were similar, as was the perception of odor pleasantness and intensity.

The big root biomass produced does certainly contribute even more to your earth carbon accumulation additionally the faster root decomposition is a must in releasing the carbon into the root exudates and would additionally increase its share to steady SOM. Therefore, growing vetiver and comparable exotic perennial grasses on degraded and less fertile grounds might be a beneficial technique to rehabilitate degraded soils and for SCS.The vital degree of ozone flux for forest trees is situated completely on biomass information from fumigation experiments with saplings, mainly in open-top chambers. Extrapolation to mature forests requires, consequently, for validation, which might be done by epidemiological data evaluation. This involves a multivariable regression analysis with lots of covariates to take into account potential confounding elements. The current report analyses the ozone sensitiveness of volume increments of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), with all the addition, or elimination, of covariates. The contrast for the epidemiological dose-response relationship with experimental information reveals very good arrangement in beech and a more sensitive and painful relationship when you look at the epidemiological analysis of Norway spruce compared to the experiments. In Norway spruce, there clearly was also a solid interacting with each other amongst the aftereffects of ozone and heat; at large July conditions, the ozone impact was more powerful. This discussion may give an explanation for disagreement between your epidemiological study in addition to experiments, of that the bulk had been carried out in Sweden.Early detection of tomato yellowish leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in a previously unaffected tomato production region in Australian Continent allowed its spread to be examined spatially and temporally. The people characteristics of the TYLCV vector, Bemisia argentifolii (silverleaf whitefly, SLW), were also assessed. The area is a dry tropical environment with a definite break to commercial production throughout the summertime wet-season. The occurrence of TYLCV within crops as well as its prevalence through the district had been affected by weather condition, location, vector motions, and the usage of Ty-1 virus-resistant hybrids. Rainfall had an important impact, with belated summer time and early autumn rain suppressing the amount of SLW and, in comparison, a dry summer time promoting faster population growth. Making use of Ty-1 hybrids appears to have paid off the incidence of TYLCV in this region. There was clearly limited use of Ty-1 hybrids during 2013, and by season end, plants had moderate amounts of SLW and high virus occurrence. The 2015 and early 2016 season had high SLW populations, but TYLCV occurrence ended up being less than in 2013, perhaps as a result of the extensive adoption https://tpx-0005inhibitor.com/consent-with-the-influence-associated-with-event-size-with-alterations-regarding-covid-19-ies-covid19/ of the Ty-1 hybrids reducing virus spread. This study provides important epidemiology data for future incursions of begomoviruses, as well as other viruses spread by SLW.Traditional rice landraces tend to be treasures for novel genetics to build up climate-resilient cultivars. Seed viability and germination determine rice output under moisture stress. The present study evaluated 100 rice genotypes, including 85 conventional landraces and 15 enhanced cultivars from different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, along with moisture-stress-susceptible (IR 64) and moisture-stress-tolerant (IR 64 Drt1) inspections. The landraces were screened over a selection of osmotic potentials, specifically (-) 1.0 MPa, (-) 1.25 MPa and (-) 1.5 MPa, for a time period of 5 days in PEG-induced moisture anxiety. Physio-morphological characteristics, such as for example rate of germination, root and shoot length, vigor list, R/S proportion and general water content (RWC), had been assessed during early moisture tension in the maximum OP of (-) 1.5 MPa. The seed macromolecules, phytohormones (giberellic acid, auxin (IAA), cytokinin and abscisic acid), osmolytes and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase) diverse notably between moitivars.Multi-cropping systems play a crucial role in enhancing the high quality of earth properties. A field experiment ended up being held during the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2017 to 2019. The aim of the study was to compare agrophysical and biological properties associated with earth into the multi-cropping systems of sole (spring barley, springtime grain, pea, caraway), binary (spring barley-caraway, springtime wheat-caraway, pea-caraway) and trinary (springtime barley-caraway-white clover, springtime wheat-caraway-white clover, pea-caraway-white clover) plants. In the 2nd as well as the third years of caraway cultivation, when solely caraway was grown, the total nitrogen content ended up being considerably lower than in binary and trinary crops (8.5% and 17.4%, correspondingly). The outcomes indicated that the greatest natural carbon content was at the 3rd year of caraway cultivation in trinary crop whenever caraway had been grown with peas and white clover. Within the 3rd year, the highest saccharase and urease activity ended up being found in trinary crop where caraway was cultivated with springtime barley and white clover. A stronger positive correlation had been seen between the content of saccharase and urease additionally the complete nitrogen, natural carbon, and potassium for sale in the soil. The outcome associated with the study declare that multi-cropping is important for soil conservation in addition to sustainability of agro-ecosystems.Solar ultraviolet (sUV) radiation remains a significant reason behind epidermis aging. Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) is a well-known edible plant extensively cultivated in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan. The lotus is made of flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds, and all sorts of components apparently have nutritional and medical values. Traditionally, lotus flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds were used as antidiarrheal agents, diuretics, antipyretics, and antimicrobial and antihyperlipidemic representatives.

s.
Dupilumab is the first monoclonal antibody therapy to be approved in Canada for the treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). The goal of the study was to assess its effectiveness and efficacy in a real-world setting. This study aims to assess how clinical outcomes of biologic therapy in real-world application (effectiveness) correspond to outcomes in clinical trials (efficacy) and to look into factors that might explain an efficacy-effectiveness gap.

A retrospective study evaluating disease specific sinonasal outcomes routinely collected for clinical care. This study included patients who were evaluated for coverage of dupilumab at a tertiary care rhinology clinic for the treatment of CRSwNP in the first year since dupilumab was approved in Canada for this indication. Sinonasal outcomes were be evaluated by collecting data on the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 questionnaire.

Eighty-five patients were considered for dupilumab therapy during the study period, 49% patients were abration.
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common clinical condition and has a significant impact on the health of patients if untreated. The current diagnostic gold standard for obstructive sleep apnea is polysomnography, which is labor intensive, requires specialists to utilize, expensive, and has accessibility challenges. There are also challenges with awareness and identification of obstructive sleep apnea in the primary care setting. Artificial intelligence systems offer the opportunity for a new diagnostic approach that addresses the limitations of polysomnography and ultimately benefits patients by streamlining the diagnostic expedition.

The purpose of this project is to elucidate the barriers that exist in the implementation of artificial intelligence systems into the diagnostic context of obstructive sleep apnea. It is essential to understand these challenges in order to proactively create solutions and establish an efficient adoption of this new technology. The literature regarding the evolution of the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, the role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, and the barriers in artificial intelligence implementation was reviewed and analyzed.

The barriers identified were categorized into different themes including technology, data, regulation, human resources, education, and culture. Many of these challenges are ubiquitous across artificial intelligence implementation in any medical diagnostic setting. Future research directions include developing solutions to the barriers presented in this project.
The barriers identified were categorized into different themes including technology, data, regulation, human resources, education, and culture. Many of these challenges are ubiquitous across artificial intelligence implementation in any medical diagnostic setting. Future research directions include developing solutions to the barriers presented in this project.
The nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X (Nudix)-Type motif 15 (NUDT15) enzyme is involved in thiopurine metabolism. Genetic variants in the NUDT15 gene result in decreased NUDT15 activity, which in addition to decreased thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity, contributes to thiopurine toxicity. Current standard approaches of NUDT15 genetic analysis have mainly been targeting several common variants. We aimed to develop a clinical-grade DNA-based assay for genetic analysis of the NUDT15 gene using Sanger di-deoxy sequencing.

Sanger sequencing results were fully concordant with the expected NUDT15 genotype in all 17 cell line samples with known NUDT15 variants (accuracy = 100%; 95% CI 80.49 to 100.00%). Precision studies showed 100% intra-run repeatability and 100% inter-run reproducibility, respectively. Genetic analysis of the NUDT15 gene was performed for 80 patients of Asian ethnicity with wildtype TPMT. 76% (N = 61) of the studied individuals had NUDT15 *1/*1 diplotype. 25% (N = 14) of Chinese and 36% (N = 5) of Malays were found to carry at least 1 non-functional NUDT15 allele. Our study confirmed a high frequency of NUDT15 c.415C>T and c.55_56insGAGTCG variants in the Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in Singapore, highlighting the importance of determining NUDT15 genotype prior to thiopurine dosing.
T and c.55_56insGAGTCG variants in the Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in Singapore, highlighting the importance of determining NUDT15 genotype prior to thiopurine dosing.
Previous large-scale studies of de novo variants identified a number of genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs); however, it was also predicted that many NDD-associated genes await discovery. Such genes can be discovered by integrating copy number variants (CNVs), which have not been fully considered in previous studies, and increasing the sample size.

We first constructed a model estimating the rates of de novo CNVs per gene from several factors such as gene length and number of exons. Second, we compiled a comprehensive list of de novo single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 41,165 individuals and de novo CNVs in 3675 individuals with NDDs by aggregating our own and publicly available datasets, including denovo-db and the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study data. Third, summing up the de novo CNV rates that we estimated and SNV rates previously established, gene-based enrichment of de novo deleterious SNVs and CNVs were assessed in the 41,165 cases. Significantly enriched genes werete genes HDAC2, SUPT16H, HECTD4, CHD5, XPO1, GSK3B, NLGN2, ADGRB1, CTR9, BRD3, and MARK2.

We identified dozens of new candidates for NDD genes. Both the methods and the resources developed here will contribute to the further identification of novel NDD-associated genes.
We identified dozens of new candidates for NDD genes. Both the methods and the resources developed here will contribute to the further identification of novel NDD-associated genes.
Drug overdose rates in the United States have been steadily increasing, particularly in rural areas. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation strategies may have increased overdose risk for people who use drugs by impacting social, community, and structural factors.

The study included a quantitative survey focused on COVID-19 administered to 50 people who use drugs and semi-structured qualitative interviews with 17 people who use drugs, 12 of whom also participated in the quantitative survey. Descriptive statistics were run for the quantitative data. Qualitative coding was line-by-line then grouped thematically. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated during analysis.

Findings demonstrate how COVID-19 disruptions at the structural and community level affected outcomes related to mental health and drug use at the individual level. Themes that emerged from the qualitative interviews were (1) lack of employment opportunities, (2) food and housing insecurity, (3) community stigma impacting could increase risk for overdose. We recommend addressing structural and community factors, including developing multi-level interventions, to combat overdose. Trial registration Clinicaltrails.gov NCT04427202. Registered June 11, 2020 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04427202?term=pho+mai&draw=2&rank=3.
Recent pathomolecular studies on the MLL-AF4 fusion protein revealed that the murinized version of MLL-AF4, the MLL-Af4 fusion protein, was able to induce leukemia when expressed in murine or human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (Lin et al. in Cancer Cell 30737-749, 2016). In parallel, a group from Japan demonstrated that the pSer domain of the AF4 protein, as well as the pSer domain of the MLL-AF4 fusion is able to bind the Pol I transcription factor complex SL1 (Okuda et al. in Nat Commun 68869, 2015). Here, we investigated the human MLL-AF4 and a pSer-murinized version thereof for their functional properties in mammalian cells. Gene expression profiling studies were complemented by intracellular localization studies and functional experiments concerning their biological activities in the nucleolus.

Based on our results, we have to conclude that MLL-AF4 is predominantly localizing inside the nucleolus, thereby interfering with Pol I transcription and ribosome biogenesis. The murinized pSer-variant ral consequences for our understanding of t(4;11) leukemia which is the most frequent leukemia in infants, childhood and adults suffering from MLL-r acute leukemia.Increasing awareness of problems with the reproducibility and integrity of research led the UK Parliament Science and Technology Committee to launch, in July 2021, an inquiry into reproducibility and research integrity. We recognise at least four potential reasons why attempts to replicate a research finding may be unsuccessful false positive statistical analyses, low generalisability of findings, suboptimal study designs (research integrity), and deliberate malfeasance (researcher integrity). It is important to make a distinction between the contributions of research integrity and of researcher integrity to the reproducibility crisis. While the impact of an individual instance of compromised researcher integrity is substantial, the aggregate impact of more prevalent problems with research integrity is likely much greater. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/litronesib.html The research community will be most efficient when failed replication efforts are never due to issues of research integrity or of researcher integrity, as this would allow focus on the scientific reasons for why two apparently similar experiments should reach different conclusions. We discuss the role of funders, institutions and government in addressing the "reproducibility crisis" before considering which interventions might have a positive impact on academia's approach to reproducible research, and a possible role for a committee on research integrity.
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through the actions of its toxin, B. fragilis toxin (BFT). Studies on colorectal cell lines have shown that treatment with BFT causes disruption of E-cadherin leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-8. Stat3 activation has also been associated with ETBF-related colitis and tumour development. However, a link between E-cadherin, IL-8 and Stat3 has not been investigated in the context of ETBF infection.

We found that co-culture of HT-29 and HCT116 colorectal cell lines with ETBF, had a similar effect on activation of IL8 gene and protein expression as treatment with purified BFT. Inhibition of Stat3 resulted in a decrease in IL-8 gene and protein expression in response to ETBF in both cell lines. A reduction in E-cadherin expression in response to ETBF treatment was not restored by blocking Stat3.

We found that treatment of colorectal cancer cell lines with live cultures of ETBF had the equivalent effect on IL-8 expression as the use of purified toxin, and this may be a more representative model of ETBF-mediated colorectal carcinogenesis. IL-8 gene and protein expression was mediated through Stat3 in HT-29 and HCT116 cells, whereas disruption of E-cadherin appeared to be independent of Stat3 signalling.
We found that treatment of colorectal cancer cell lines with live cultures of ETBF had the equivalent effect on IL-8 expression as the use of purified toxin, and this may be a more representative model of ETBF-mediated colorectal carcinogenesis. IL-8 gene and protein expression was mediated through Stat3 in HT-29 and HCT116 cells, whereas disruption of E-cadherin appeared to be independent of Stat3 signalling.

The Band Toto Asia

Toto was expanding its production facilities abroad and operating in France, Germany, Indonesia, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the People's Republic of China. Toto believed that North America as a growth market for Washlet bidets and toilets, in contrast to its "base" markets of Japan and China.

Dhaniram Toto was documenting Toto words to ensure the future generations could read them. However, many words were replaced with foreign words, such as dui from Bengali for verandah.

Origins

Established in 1917, Toto's early years were a mirror of Japan's economic growth. In the beginning of its existence, the company made products to meet the demands of new, modern urban housing. It was the first tunnel kiln in the country to produce ceramics continuously. https://articlescad.com/what-is-the-secret-life-of-toto-korea-prize-64212.html pioneered the use automation to control production, allowing for more efficiency and consistency.

In the late 1980s the company began expanding overseas in order to take advantage of sales and new markets. It created the Cera Trading Company, importing and selling other products from other manufacturers to complement its own range of plumbing fittings and sanitary earthenware. This strategy increased sales and expanded the market share of the company globally.



In the 1990s, Toto began focusing on research and development of water-related appliances. It also upgraded its distribution system to better meet the needs of customers and increase profits. The company embraced a just-in time approach to managing its supply chain, and it used the same methodology for its sales process. This resulted in a greater level of satisfaction with the customer.

Toto continued to innovate toilet technology. The latest toilet, for instance is equipped with an extremely powerful tornado flush that is more ecologically friendly than conventional toilets. Toto uses recycled water for its manufacturing process, and has a green buying policy. In addition to toilets Toto produces bathtubs and faucets and hand dryers that are more efficient in energy use than typical models.

The first Toto museum opened in the year 2015. It features exhibits on Toto's most famous products as well as their evolution, group companies (all of which are ceramics), the history of plumbing, and even bath units. In another gallery, visitors can view Toto products that are sold throughout. The museum also has a bathroom that includes a WASHLET toilet and other toilet-related innovations.

Before the formation of Toto members of the group performed sessions for a variety of musicians. Keyboardist David Paich, drummer Jeff Porcaro, and guitarists Mike Porcaro and Steve Lukather all performed on the album Silk Degrees by Boz Scaggs. They also performed on albums by Steely Dan, Seals and Crofts, and Sonny and Cher.

Discography

With a name as evocative as Asia one would think that the group would be prog kings and queens but they're actually a fairly straightforward rock band. The group was formed as a four-piece and released two albums that were self-titled in 1979 and 1980's Armed to the Teeth. But even though the band have a wide range of musical backgrounds their biggest hit was achieved in 1982 with Toto IV.

The album was a huge blockbuster, but not without its share of issues. Record companies placed the band on the position with the order "give us a hit record or we'll sack you" and the pressure was on to deliver. Toto was able to achieve this feat with the help of the smash hit "Africa."

Toto's musical mastery is the result of their previous experiences. Before joining the group, the band members worked as session musicians for artists such as Boz Scaggs. Steely Dan and Seals and Crofts. Their distinctive sound has become the norm for '80s pop, and has influenced many contemporary artists.

The album starts out hard with songs like Running Out of Time or Unknown Soldier that show the band's ability to create great AOR tunes that slowly get into your head. But the album also contains some slower, more jazzy tracks, like The Little Things and Chinatown. The album closes with Great Expectations. This song mixes folk and the distorted AOR that could appear completely unnatural, but actually works extremely well.

After Toto IV, the band's fortunes took a turn to the downside. David Hungate left to concentrate on his solo career and the band was through numerous drummers. In 1984, Bobby Kimball was fired from the group in the aftermath of drug-related charges. However, the band continued as a trio, which included Michael Porcaro and Steve Lukather.

Toto released Isolation despite the turbulence. It wasn't as popular as IV. The group managed to release an album that topped the charts, Kingdom of Desire, in 1992. This album marked the end of the original Toto lineup and was also the first to feature a new singer, Simon Phillips.

Tours

The band has performed to millions of fans across the globe, and has sold-out shows in Europe, North America and Asia as well as Australia and New Zealand. The band's repertoire is huge and their catalog has accumulated over billion streams on streaming services around the world. The band's music has been influential to many generations of fans.

Steve Lukather has forged a vibrant, intimate friendship with Joe Williams that is flourishing professionally around the world. In 2018 the duo celebrated 40 Tours Around the Sun with a hugely successful global tour. The album of the same name landed at 5 on the Billboard 200. The new tour of the band includes their best hits and rarely live cuts, along with some of the songs from Lukather and Williams the catalogs of their respective albums.

TOTO has a Net Promoter Score of 20. This score measures the likelihood that customers will recommend the brand. Promoters are those who rate the company highly and actively encourage others to use their products or services. Detractors are those who judge the company poorly, and might even actively discourage people from using their products or services.

Join Toto for a unique cultural experience in Asia. This highlights tour of a region the French used to call Indochine offers luxurious accommodation, a day on a deluxe junk in Halong Bay, and an exploration of the mystical temples of Angkor Wat. You'll also stay a night in the charming town of Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage city that will delight the senses. This is a once in a lifetime trip you don't want to skip!

Line-up

Turn Back, the band's third studio album is an ode to the classic sextet format, and it was a more consistent, more powerful effort that had a more grittier edge. The more edgier sound of Turn Back reflected the maturation in the group. Bobby Kimball's growing ability to play was evident in the vocals of Joseph Williams, who had grown more confident and mature. David Paich's keyboard work was also more sophisticated, sharper and less akin to previous recordings.

After touring to promote the album, the band recorded a live show in Amsterdam which was released as a set of two CDs entitled Falling In Between Live on Eagle Records. The studio album came out a few months later, and the group went on a world-wide tour in support of it. In this time keyboardist Greg Phillinganes filled in for Paich and bassist David Hungate left the group to spend more time with his family.

In 1998, Paich & Lukather began looking through old tapes and demos to find songs that hadn't been recorded before. It was completed in 2001 as a duo album titled Then & Now. It was the band's first album without the single track "A". The album also included a previously unreleased track called "Kari-Anne".

By 2003, Toto had begun to decline in popularity. The group's fourth album, Old Is New, was a commercial flop and vocalist Williams was suffering from a severe case of laryngitis which hampered his singing. In addition, Hungate returned to Nashville, while drummer Leland Sklar was replaced by Shem von Schroeck.

Downes and the other original members of Asia - Wetton, Palmer, and Howe--convened a meeting in England in early 2006 to discuss the possibility of officially reforming the band. The lineup, which was minus Howe (who was working with Yes at the time) was eventually referred to as Toto XIV and toured extensively.

In 2010, the band reunited for another reunion tour with a slightly different line-up, including guitarists Mike Porcaro and Steve Lukather, drummer John Pierce, bassist Shannon Forrest, and multi-instrumentalists Warren Ham and Dominique Taplin. The band also featured an appearance by singer Michael McDonald, and a backing singer named Mabvuto Carpenter.

18 ng/l; 95% CI, -0.35 to 0.00; I
= 92.2%). The CPR and LBR of patients with TSH exceeding the cutoff after COH were significantly lower than those of patients with TSH below the threshold (CPR RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.82; I
= 0.0% and LBR RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.92; I
= 0.0%). The MD of the increment in TSH levels between the miscarriage and ongoing pregnancy groups was 0.40 mIU/L (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.65; I
= 0.0%).

This meta-analysis shows that TSH increases and fT4 decreases during COH. COH-induced thyroid disorder impairs reproductive outcomes.
This meta-analysis shows that TSH increases and fT4 decreases during COH. COH-induced thyroid disorder impairs reproductive outcomes.
We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of combination treatment with panitumumab plus trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) in patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who were refractory/intolerant to standard therapies other than anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy.

APOLLON was an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2 trial. In the phase 1 part, 3 + 3 de-escalation design was used to investigate the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D); all patients in the phase 2 part received the RP2D. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6months. Secondary endpoints included PFS, overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), time to treatment failure (TTF), and safety.

Fifty-six patients were enrolled (phase 1, n = 7; phase 2, n = 49) at 25 Japanese centres. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in patients receiving panitumumab (6mg/kg every 2weeks) plus FTD/TPI (35mg/m
twice daily; days 1-5 and 8-12 in a 28-day cycle), which became RP2D. PFS rate at 6months was 33.3% (90% confidence interval [CI] 22.8-45.3). Median PFS, OS, ORR, DCR, and TTF were 5.8months (95% CI 4.5-6.5), 14.1months (95% CI 12.2-19.3), 37.0% (95% CI 24.3-51.3), 81.5% (95% CI 68.6-90.8), and 5.8months (95% CI 4.29-6.21), respectively. Neutrophil count decreased (47.3%) was the most common Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse event. No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Panitumumab plus FTD/TPI exhibited favourable anti-tumour activity with a manageable safety profile and may be a therapeutic option for pre-treated mCRC patients.
Panitumumab plus FTD/TPI exhibited favourable anti-tumour activity with a manageable safety profile and may be a therapeutic option for pre-treated mCRC patients.
We analyzed the association between bedtime smart device usage habits and accelerometer-measured sleep outcomes (total sleeping time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset) in Hong Kong children and adolescents aged 8-14.

A total of 467 students in Hong Kong participated in this study from 2016 to 2017. They self-reported their bedtime smart device usage habits. The primary caregiver of each participant was also invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire about the family's social-economic status and bedtime smart device usage habits. An ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer was used to assess participants' 7-day sleep outcomes.

The mean age of the participants was 10.3 (SD 1.9), and 54% were girls. Among the participants, 27% (n = 139) used a smart device before sleep, and 33% (n = 170) kept the smart device on before sleep. In total, 27% (n = 128) placed the smart device within reach before sleep, 23% (n = 107) would wake up when notifications were received, and 25% (n = 117) immediately checkheir total sleep time.
Positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence is critical for managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We postulate thatgroup-based Sleep Apnea Management (SAM) clinic, which harnesses the benefits of providing mutual support as well as facilitates access to system-based resources and education, will confer improvements in PAP adherence.

Data from SAM clinic attendees from January 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Adherence data at SAM baseline visit and 1-3 months follow-up were collected. Average PAP usage from all-days and days used were analyzed along with demographics, co-morbidities, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/glutathione.html Adherence was defined as >4 hours a night for ≥70% of nights over a 30-day period.Key structural elements of the SAM group clinic model were co-presence of the OSA care team members and peer group support. Key efficiency elements were group education and the prompt-to-patient multidisciplinary troubleshooting adherence barriers.

Of 110 SAMclinic attendees,average age was 60.9±12.7 years, 53% weremen, and 46% Caucasian. At baseline, the mean for average-all-days usage was 4.2 hours, mean average-days-used usage was 5.2 hours, and mean percentage-of-days usage ≥4 hours was 57%. At follow-up, the mean average-all-days usage increased 1.2 hours (p<0.001), mean average-days-used usage increased 0.8 hours (p<0.001), and the mean percentage-of-days with usage ≥4 hours increased 16% (p<0.001). At baseline, 46% of patients met criteria for adherence, which increased to 66% at follow-up.

In this study, after the SAM clinic, all PAP adherence parameters improved significantly. This observational study serves as aproof of concept study for future trials pertaining to group clinic in managing PAP adherence in OSA.
In this study, after the SAM clinic, all PAP adherence parameters improved significantly. This observational study serves as a proof of concept study for future trials pertaining to group clinic in managing PAP adherence in OSA.
To investigate if the association between dietary inflammatory potential and colorectal adenoma (CRA) is modified by race and factors known to modulate inflammation.

We examined effect measure modification of race, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) on the diet-CRA association by employing energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII™) to characterize dietary inflammatory potential among 587 cases and 1,313 controls participating in a colonoscopy screening-based cross-sectional study of CRA. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire from which E-DII score was derived. E-DII score was calculated from 34 food parameters (constituents), utilizing an energy-adjusted global comparative database to compute z scores from which centered proportions were summed to create the score. CRA cases were defined as individuals whose colonoscopy detected at least one pathologically confirmed adenomatous polyp. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

A pro-inflammatory diet was not statistically significantly associated with elevated CRA risk (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.97-1.19; p value = 0.18) in the multivariate regression model. NSAIDs use (OR
1.19; 95% CI 1.03-1.38; OR
0.96; 95% CI 0.83-1.12; P
 = 0.04) and race (OR
1.22; 95% CI 1.03-1.44; OR
0.99; 95% CI 0.86-1.14; P
 = 0.14) appeared to modify the association, whereas cigarette smoking and BMI did not (P
 = 0.40 and 0.78, respectively).

NSAIDs use and race may modify the diet-CRA association. Further investigation in prospective cohort studies is warranted to confirm these findings.
NSAIDs use and race may modify the diet-CRA association. Further investigation in prospective cohort studies is warranted to confirm these findings.Background Medication adherence is an important issue, not just health-related, for patients with haemophilia. Poor medication adherence to long-term therapies limits the potential of effective treatments to improve patients' health-related quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association of reported medication adherence and health-related quality of life in patients with haemophilia. Setting Data were collected from patients at University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia and at University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia. Method Adult male patients with severe or moderate haemophilia receiving prophylactic treatment were eligible for the study. Main outcome measure Implementation phase of medication adherence was assessed with the self-reported VERITAS-Pro instrument and health-related quality of life with SF-36v2. Results A total of 82 participants were included in the study (median age was 44.50, range 18-73 years). The majority of our participants reported being adherent to medication (83%). Participants showed better health in the mental health domains and Mental Component Summary than in the physical health domains and Physical Component Summary. After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and clinical predictors, better reported medication adherence explained an additional 4-6% of better health variance in Bodily Pain and Social Functioning domains and Mental Component Summary. Conclusion We found that reported medication adherence can contribute to better health-related quality of life in patients with haemophilia. Since life with a chronic condition is demanding, it is an important finding that medication adherence to replacement therapy can improve life conditions for patients with haemophilia.The cognitive load of many everyday life tasks exceeds known limitations of short-term memory. One strategy to compensate for information overload is cognitive offloading which refers to the externalization of cognitive processes such as reminder setting instead of memorizing. There appears to be remarkable variance in offloading behavior between participants which poses the question whether there is a common factor influencing offloading behavior across different tasks tackling short-term memory processes. To pursue this question, we studied individual differences in offloading behavior between two well-established offloading paradigms the intention offloading task which tackles memory for intentions and the pattern copy task which tackles continuous short-term memory load. Our study also included an unrelated task measuring short-term memory capacity. Each participant completed all tasks twice on two consecutive days in order to obtain reliability scores. Despite high reliability scores, individual differences in offloading behavior were uncorrelated between the two offloading tasks. In both tasks, however, individual differences in offloading behavior were correlated with the individual differences in an unrelated short-term memory task. Our results therefore show that offloading behavior cannot simply be explained in terms of a single common factor driving offloading behavior across tasks. We discuss the implications of this finding for future research investigating the interrelations of offloading behavior across different tasks.
Factors affecting decline in renal function and cyst growth in patients with autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are not fully described, particularly in Japan.

This was the first multi-facility, prospective, observational cohort study conducted in ADPKD patients at 14 centers in Japan. Patients in the J-PKD registry were assessed from December 2009 to June 2012 (follow-up until June 2017). Patients' data including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and total kidney volume (TKV) were assessed initially and a maximum of five times annually. Contributing factors to eGFR decline and TKV growth were identified using multiple linear regression analysis.

Of the 340 patients in the J-PKD registry, data analysis was performed for 192 patients in whom serial changes for both eGFR and TKV were obtained. eGFR slope, eGFR change, and TKV change values were as follows - 2.7 (- 4.2 to - 1.5) (ml/min/1.73 m
/year), - 5.0 (- 9.6 to - 2.3) (%/year), and 4.78 (0.86-8.22) (%/year), respectively. Lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was an independent predictor of eGFR decline, using both eGFR slope and change (P = 0.