Posts

1 min ago


Primary analysis showed no significant evidence for a difference in time to end of target lesion primary patency between groups hazard ratio 1.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 1.79. There were no significant differences for any secondary outcomes, including patency outcomes and adverse events. Thus, our study demonstrated no evidence that paclitaxel-coated balloons provide benefit, following standard care high-pressure balloon angioplasty, in the treatment of arteriovenous fistulas. Hence, in view of the benefit suggested by other trials, the role of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons remains uncertain.The hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a progressive but potentially reversible deterioration of kidney function, constitutes a serious complication of hepatic decompensation. Coexistence of liver/kidney damage, mentioned in the dropsy literature, was highlighted by Richard Bright in 1827 and confirmed in 1840 by his contemporary nephrology pioneer Pierre Rayer. Cholemic nephrosis was described in 1861 by Friedrich Frerichs, and the renal tubular lesions of HRS by Austin Flint in 1863. https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html The term "acute hepato-nephritis" was introduced in 1916 by Paul Merklen, and its chronic form was designated HRS by Marcel Dérot in 1930s. HRS then was applied to renal failure in biliary tract surgery and to cases of coexistent renal and hepatic failure of diverse etiology. The pathogenesis of HRS was elucidated during the 1950 studies of renal physiology. Notably, studies of salt retention in edema and its relation to regulating the circulating plasma volume by John Peters and subsequently Otto Gauer defined the concept of "effective blood volume" and the consequent elucidation of ascites formation in liver failure. Parallel studies of intrarenal hemodynamics demonstrated severe renal vasoconstriction and preferential cortical ischemia to account for the functional renal dysfunction of HRS. Dialysis and liver or combined liver-kidney transplantation transformed the fatal HRS of old into a treatable disorder by the 1970s. Elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of renal injury and refinements in definition, classification, and diagnosis of HRS since then have allowed for earlier therapeutic intervention with combined i.v. albumin and vasoconstrictor therapy, enabling the continued improvement of patient outcomes.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion or shunting procedures are the most commonly performed surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus and are often employed in the management of elevated intracranial pressure due to a variety of diseases. Despite their popularity however, approximately 50% of shunts fail within the first two years, and several revisions are required within the first decade after placement. Ophthalmologists may encounter patients with a CSF shunt to evaluate for concerns of vision loss or diplopia and to determine if papilledema is present. We discuss the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations and evaluation of possible CSF shunt malfunction.
Methods for p-value correction are criticized for either increasing Type II error or improperly reducing Type I error in large exploratory data analysis. This text considers patterns in probability vectors resulting from mass univariate analysis to correct p-values, where clusters of significant p-values may indicate true H0 rejection.

We used ERP experimental data from control and ADHD boys to test the method. The Log10 of p-vector was convolved with a Gaussian window whose length was set as the shortest lag above which autocorrelation of each ERP wave may be assumed to have vanished. We realized Monte-Carlo simulations (MC) to (1) evaluate confidence intervals of rejected and non-rejected areas of our data, (2) to evaluate differences between corrected and uncorrected p-vectors or simulated ones in terms of distribution of significant p-values, and (3) to empirically verify the type-I error rate (comparing 10,000 pairs of mixed samples whit control and ADHD subjects).

The differences between simulation or raw p-vector and corrected p-vectors were, respectively, minimal and maximal for window length set by autocorrelation in p-vector convolution.

Our method was less conservative while FDR methods rejected basically all significant p-values.The MC simulations presented 2.78 ± 4.83% of difference (20 channels) from corrected p-vector, while difference from raw p-vector was 596 ± 5.00% (p = 0.0003).

As a cluster-based correction, the present new method seems to be biological and statistically suitable to correct p-values in mass univariate analysis of ERP waves, which adopts adaptive parameters to correction.
As a cluster-based correction, the present new method seems to be biological and statistically suitable to correct p-values in mass univariate analysis of ERP waves, which adopts adaptive parameters to correction.
Brain MRI is a promising technique for Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarker development. Its analysis, however, is hindered by the high-dimensional nature of the data, particularly when the sample size is relatively small.

This study introduces a folded concave penalized machine learning scheme with spatial coupling fused penalty (fused FCP) to build biomarkers for PD directly from whole-brain voxel-wise MRI data. The penalized maximum likelihood estimation problem of the model is solved by local linear approximation.

The proposed approach is evaluated on synthetic and Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) data. It achieves good AUC scores, accuracy in classification, and biomarker identification with a relatively small sample size, and the results are robust for different tuning parameter choices. On the PPMI data, the proposed method discovers over 80 % of large regions of interest (ROIs) identified by the voxel-wise method, as well as potential new ROIs.

The fused FCP approach is compared with L1, fused-L1, and FCP method using three popular machine learning algorithms, logistic regression, support vector machine, and linear discriminant analysis, as well as the voxel-wise method, on both synthetic and PPMI datasets. The fused FCP method demonstrated better accuracy in separating PD from controls than L1 and fused-L1 methods, and similar performance when compared with FCP method. In addition, the fused FCP method showed better ROI identification.

The fused FCP method can be an effective approach for MRI biomarker discovery in PD and other studies using high dimensionality data/low sample sizes.
The fused FCP method can be an effective approach for MRI biomarker discovery in PD and other studies using high dimensionality data/low sample sizes.

1 min ago


ate better sexual and reproductive wellbeing for Muslim women. It is important to note that while this review aimed to report findings on Muslim women, we acknowledge that significant variations exist within every culture and religion.BACKGROUND There has been an increase in children growing up in non-traditional families, such as single-parent and blended families. Children from such families have a higher prevalence of obesity and poorer health outcomes, but research on the relationship with obesogenic behaviours is limited. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there are associations between family structures and obesogenic behaviours and related family rules in European children and adolescents. METHODS The sample included 7664 children (mean age ± SD 10.9 ± 2.9) from 4923 families who were participants of the multi-centre I.Family study (2013/2014) conducted in 8 European countries. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview on kinship and household. Obesogenic behaviours (screen time, sleep duration, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) and family rules (rules for computer and television, bedtime routine, availability of SSBs during meals) were determined by standardized questioe family structures. Parental education did not modify any of these associations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/leupeptin-hemisulfate.html CONCLUSIONS Parents in non-traditional family structures appear to experience more difficulties in restricting screen time and the intake of SSBs in their children than parents in traditional two-parent family structures. Our findings therefore suggest that additional support and effective strategies for parents in non-traditional families may help to reduce obesogenic behaviours in children from such family types.BACKGROUND The Health And Self-Management In Diabetes (HASMIDv1) questionnaire consists of 8 attributes, 4 about quality of life, and 4 about self-management. The overall aim of this study was to rigorously examine the psychometric properties of the HASMIDv1 questionnaire. METHODS The study comprised two phases. Phase 1 identified items of the HASMIDv1 questionnaire that potentially required rewording through consultation with a patient involvement panel and two focus groups of people with diabetes. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional longitudinal survey where HASMID, EQ-5D-5L, health, treatment and sociodemographic questions were administered using both paper and online versions to people with diabetes. Participants were asked to complete the survey again approximately 3 months later. Psychometric analyses were undertaken to examine floor and ceiling effects, item distributions, known group differences and internal consistency. Rasch analysis was undertaken to assess differential item functioning and disordernagement for people living with diabetes. HASMID-10 can be scored using total summative scores, with utility and monetary values also available for use in cost-utility and cost-benefit analyses.BACKGROUND Several reports indicate that a portion (5-10%) of men living with HIV-1 intermittently shed HIV-1 RNA into seminal plasma while on long term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highly suggestive of an HIV-1 reservoir in the male genital tract. However, the status of this reservoir in men living with HIV-1 who are not under treatment is underexplored and has implications for understanding the origins and evolution of the reservoir. FINDING Forty-three HIV-1 positive, antiretroviral therapy naïve study participants attending a men's health clinic were studied. Semen viral loads and blood viral loads were generally correlated, with semen viral loads generally detected in individuals with blood viral loads > 10,000 cp/ml. However, we found 1 individual with undetectable viral loads ( less then 20cp/ml) and 2 individuals with very low blood viral load (97 and 333cp/ml), but with detectable HIV-1 in semen (485-1157 copies/semen sample). Blood viral loads in the first individual were undetectable when tested three times over the prior 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Semen HIV-1 viral loads are usually related to blood viral loads, as we confirm. Nonetheless, this was not true in a substantial minority of individuals suggesting unexpectedly high levels of replication in the male genital tract in a few individuals, despite otherwise effective immune control. This may reflect establishment of a local reservoir of HIV-1 populations.BACKGROUND The detection of antibodies against capripoxvirus has become easier with a commercially available ELISA validated for serum and plasma. In order to explore its suitability for immunological investigations on alternative samples, this study targeted milk as sample matrix available through non-invasive sampling. METHODS Samples for this study were collected from dairy cows vaccinated against LSD in an area without reported LSD virus circulation. Paired serum and milk (individual and bulk) samples were tested by ELISA without and with modifications of the sample incubation time for the milk samples. For the evaluation of the test specificity, 352 milk samples from a milk repository in Germany were used as negative control. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for determination of the Youden index and determination of the most suitable cut-off value for maximum specificity. RESULTS From 154 analyzed serum samples from Serbia, 75 were detected as positive in the ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test for milk samples reached values of 88 to 91% using Youden criteria. A cut-off of 10 was determined aiming for maximum specificity. This cut-off value was used for further analysis. Using the protocol for serum, out of 154 milk samples, 38 were detected as positive, number of positive detected milk samples increase up to 48 with modified protocol. Milk samples from Germany reacted negative, except two samples that had borderline results using modified protocol. Significant statistical difference (p  less then  0.05) was observed between two incubation protocols. The detection of LSD-specific antibodies from bulk milk samples (pools of 2-10 individuals) came along with a reduced sensitivity over the sample of individual animals. CONCLUSIONS Results show that the detection of capripoxvirus specific antibodies in milk samples using the commercially available ELISA from IDvet is feasible and can represent a helpful tool for LSDV monitoring programs.

4 mins ago


We report a case of bladder diverticulum presumably caused by lower urinary tract dysfunction due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) simultaneously treated with transurethral coagulation (TUC) of the bladder diverticulum and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC). A literature search showed this is the first report of bladder diverticulum and POP surgically treated at the same time. A 71-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of cystocele. She had both storage and voiding symptoms. She had a POPQ stage III cystocele and stage I uterine prolapse. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan showed a large volume of residual urine along with a bladder diverticulum. Since urodynamic studies revealed a low compliance bladder and obstruction, we opined that the lower urinary tract symptoms were induced by the cystocele. TUC of the bladder diverticulum and LSC were performed at the same time. After the operation, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) was needed once a day for one month. Gradually, residual urine decreased and CIC became unnecessary. The bladder diverticulum disappeared, and there has been no recurrence of POP.A 69-year-old man visited a local doctor for fever, pain in the left abdomen, and macroscopic hematuria. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pirtobrutinib-loxo-305.html Computed tomography (CT) revealed hydronephrosis of the left kidney, and he was referred to our hospital. Detailed examinations suggested left-side pyonephrosis due to urothelial cancer, and left-side total nephroureterectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Sunitinib administration was started postoperatively for para-aortic lymph node metastasis, which disappeared. However, metastasis to the common iliac lymph node and liver appeared newly 11 months later. Nivolumab was started in combination with radiation thepapy for the lymph node metastases. The patient remains in a stable disease state as of 21 months after nivolumab administration.Five mg tadalafil was administered once-daily to 48 patients for 6 months. Their International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score (OABSS), Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), post-voided residual (PVR) volume, free testosterone (FT) level, prostate-specific antigen level, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) value obtained before and 6 months after the treatment were analyzed. The treatment significantly improved the IPSS, OABSS, SHIM score, and PVR volume (P less then 0.05), and significantly increased the mean FT level from 6.68 to 7.10 pg/ml ; P less then 0.05. We observed no significant changes in the hsCRP value and PSA level. However, elevated FT values were noted in 25 (52.1%) patients 6 months after the treatment (FT-increased group). Compared with the non-FT-increased group, the FT-increased group had markedly lower baseline FT value and higher prostatic volume. In both groups, IPSS and OABSS improved considerably. Moreover, the PVR volume, SHIM score, and hsCRP value markedly improved in the FT-increased group (P less then 0.05). Thus, 5 mg tadalafil administered oncedaily improved IPSS, OABSS, and erectile function, and increased the FT value, in hypogonadal patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, the hsCRP value declined considerably in patients with posttreatment elevated FT level.The clinical outcome of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) was retrospectively investigated taking into consideration the surgeon's position during the procedure. The study cohort included 184 consecutive patients who had undergone LRP performed by a single surgeon from February 2013 to July 2018. During the study period,the surgeon stood alternately on either the left or right side of the patient. The D'Amico risk classification was low,intermediate and high in 26 (14.1%),45 (24.5%) and 113 (61.4%) patients,respectively. Mean surgical duration was 203.5 minutes and mean estimated blood loss was 437.6 ml. Nerve sparing (NS) was implemented in 82 (44. 6%) patients. The mean period of having an indwelling urethral catheter was 5. 0 days. Perioperative Clavien-Dindo degree ≥IIIa complications occurred in three (1.6%) patients. Except for cases with presurgical hormonal treatment,surgical margins were positive in 41 (22.3%) patients,among whom 23 (17.4%) had pT2 disease. The 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 81.4%,and 84.8% of patients regained urinary continence at 12 months after surgery. Where the surgeon stood during LRP was not associated with significant differences in any parameter. However,the margin positive rate was higher on the side away from where the surgeon stood than the side closer to the surgeon (70.7% vs 29.3%). In conclusion,the position of the surgeon during LRP does not influence the outcome.Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) is a prospective cohort study designed to identify risk factors and modifiers for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women, partners, and infants, as well as to assess the risk for adverse maternal, fetal, infant, and childhood outcomes of ZIKV and other congenital infections. ZIKV infection during pregnancy may be associated with longterm sequelae. In the ZEN cohort, 1,519 pregnant women and 287 partners were enrolled from 3 departments within Colombia between February 2017 and January 2018, as well as 1,108 infants born to the pregnant women who were followed to 6 months. The data include baseline questionnaires at enrollment; repeated symptoms and study follow-up questionnaires; the results of lab tests to detect ZIKV and other congenital infections; medical record abstractions; infant physical, eye, and hearing exams; and developmental screening tests. Follow-up of 850 mother-child dyads occurred at 9 months, 12 months, and 18 months with developmental screenings, physical exams, and parent questionnaires. The data will be pooled with those from other prospective cohort studies for an individual participant data meta-analysis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy to characterize pregnancy outcomes and sequelae in children.
This study aimed to identify latent classes in hypertensive patients based on the clustering of factors including lifestyle risk factors, metabolic risk factors, and obesity in each sex.

This cross-sectional study included 102,780 male and 103,710 female hypertensive patients who underwent health check-ups at 16 centers in Korea, in 2018. A latent class analysis approach was used to identify subgroups of hypertensive patients. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between latent classes and comorbidities of hypertension.

A four-class model provided the best fit for each sex. The following latent classes were identified Class I (male 16.9%, female 1.7%; high risk of lifestyle behaviors [HB] with metabolic disorders and obesity [MO]), Class II (male 32.4%, female 47.1%; low risk of lifestyle behaviors [LB] with MO), Class III (male 15.3%, female 1.8%; HB with metabolic disorders and normal weight [MNW]), Class IV (male 35.5%, female 49.4%; LB with MNW). Lifestyle patterns in the latent classes were classified as high-risk or low-risk according to smoking and high-risk drinking among male, and presented complex patterns including physical inactivity alone or in combination with other factors, among female.

Videos

“They’re robbing the baby and selling the baby’s stem cells.” — Marcella Piper-Terry

Stem cells sell for thousands of dollars to research companies who buy and use them in product development.

One of the easier (and less controversial) ways to get ahold of these stem cells is to take them from the blood of the umbilical cord connecting mother and child directly after birth.

Just one problem: Mother Nature intends the baby to have these cells.

“Delayed cord clamping” may be the most important 10 minutes a child can be given.

Full video: https://live.childrenshealthdefense.org/chd-tv/shows/good-morning-chd/dangers-of-vitamin-k-shot--free-speech-violation/

We recently shared a video of Dr. Ana Mihalcea’s microscopy videos which Ana says depict “self-assembling nanotechnology” in the blood of both vaccinated and unvaccinated people.

Some of you left very concerned comments on the post, asking us for additional sources with the same claims.

We didn’t actually set out to find any additional sources, BUT came upon some accidentally while clipping a segment from CHD’s recent Omniwar Symposium in collaboration with Catherine Austin Fitts.

So, here you go. And as always, please share with us links to information you think we should look into!

Here’s the full Omniwar Symposium (clipped segment begins around 44:27): https://x.com/i/broadcasts/1MnxnDzaaPMGO

10/10/2024

Originally published October 10th, 2014, at https://youtu.be/XpBF06MYmKQ

Eleven years ago, I started a YouTube project that would change my life forever. On September 2nd, 2013, I picked up my camera and began a conversation through time. Donning the persona of "Past Liam", I documented every other day of my life, speaking to myself one year in the future. Once that year ended, on September 3, 2014, Future Liam took over, filling in his replies on the off days. Past Liam/Future Liam was born.

To celebrate the eleventh anniversary of PL/FL, I will be re-uploading each episode daily to Rumble, Odysee, and other video platforms to help bridge who I was then with who I am now. Get to know me through the lens of my first steps into adulthood, with little idea of the trials and tribulations to come at the end of the decade.

Past Liam / Future Liam playlist: https://rumble.com/playlists/MD2p3soRsqA

Thanks for watching!

Visit me at https://www.liamsturgess.com/

Listen and buy my music on Bandcamp: https://liamsturgess.bandcamp.com/

Subscribe to my Substack: https://liamsturgess.substack.com/

Join my Locals community: https://liamsturgess.locals.com/

Follow me on Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/TheLiamSturgess

Subscribe on Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/liamsturgess

Subscribe on Sovren: https://sovren.media/u/liamsturgess/

Subscribe on Odysee: https://odysee.com/@LiamSturgess:1
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@LiamSturgess

Support me directly by PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/theliamsturgess

Buy Me A Coffee: https://buymeacoffee.com/liamsturgess

Videos

“They’re robbing the baby and selling the baby’s stem cells.” — Marcella Piper-Terry

Stem cells sell for thousands of dollars to research companies who buy and use them in product development.

One of the easier (and less controversial) ways to get ahold of these stem cells is to take them from the blood of the umbilical cord connecting mother and child directly after birth.

Just one problem: Mother Nature intends the baby to have these cells.

“Delayed cord clamping” may be the most important 10 minutes a child can be given.

Full video: https://live.childrenshealthdefense.org/chd-tv/shows/good-morning-chd/dangers-of-vitamin-k-shot--free-speech-violation/

We recently shared a video of Dr. Ana Mihalcea’s microscopy videos which Ana says depict “self-assembling nanotechnology” in the blood of both vaccinated and unvaccinated people.

Some of you left very concerned comments on the post, asking us for additional sources with the same claims.

We didn’t actually set out to find any additional sources, BUT came upon some accidentally while clipping a segment from CHD’s recent Omniwar Symposium in collaboration with Catherine Austin Fitts.

So, here you go. And as always, please share with us links to information you think we should look into!

Here’s the full Omniwar Symposium (clipped segment begins around 44:27): https://x.com/i/broadcasts/1MnxnDzaaPMGO

10/10/2024

Originally published October 10th, 2014, at https://youtu.be/XpBF06MYmKQ

Eleven years ago, I started a YouTube project that would change my life forever. On September 2nd, 2013, I picked up my camera and began a conversation through time. Donning the persona of "Past Liam", I documented every other day of my life, speaking to myself one year in the future. Once that year ended, on September 3, 2014, Future Liam took over, filling in his replies on the off days. Past Liam/Future Liam was born.

To celebrate the eleventh anniversary of PL/FL, I will be re-uploading each episode daily to Rumble, Odysee, and other video platforms to help bridge who I was then with who I am now. Get to know me through the lens of my first steps into adulthood, with little idea of the trials and tribulations to come at the end of the decade.

Past Liam / Future Liam playlist: https://rumble.com/playlists/MD2p3soRsqA

Thanks for watching!

Visit me at https://www.liamsturgess.com/

Listen and buy my music on Bandcamp: https://liamsturgess.bandcamp.com/

Subscribe to my Substack: https://liamsturgess.substack.com/

Join my Locals community: https://liamsturgess.locals.com/

Follow me on Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/TheLiamSturgess

Subscribe on Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/liamsturgess

Subscribe on Sovren: https://sovren.media/u/liamsturgess/

Subscribe on Odysee: https://odysee.com/@LiamSturgess:1
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@LiamSturgess

Support me directly by PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/theliamsturgess

Buy Me A Coffee: https://buymeacoffee.com/liamsturgess

10/08/2024

Originally published October 8th, 2014, at https://youtu.be/ELPQgstSspE

Eleven years ago, I started a YouTube project that would change my life forever. On September 2nd, 2013, I picked up my camera and began a conversation through time. Donning the persona of "Past Liam", I documented every other day of my life, speaking to myself one year in the future. Once that year ended, on September 3, 2014, Future Liam took over, filling in his replies on the off days. Past Liam/Future Liam was born.

To celebrate the eleventh anniversary of PL/FL, I will be re-uploading each episode daily to Rumble, Odysee, and other video platforms to help bridge who I was then with who I am now. Get to know me through the lens of my first steps into adulthood, with little idea of the trials and tribulations to come at the end of the decade.

Past Liam / Future Liam playlist: https://rumble.com/playlists/MD2p3soRsqA

Thanks for watching!

Visit me at https://www.liamsturgess.com/

Listen and buy my music on Bandcamp: https://liamsturgess.bandcamp.com/

Subscribe to my Substack: https://liamsturgess.substack.com/

Join my Locals community: https://liamsturgess.locals.com/

Follow me on Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/TheLiamSturgess

Subscribe on Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/liamsturgess

Subscribe on Sovren: https://sovren.media/u/liamsturgess/

Subscribe on Odysee: https://odysee.com/@LiamSturgess:1
Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@LiamSturgess

Support me directly by PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/theliamsturgess

Buy Me A Coffee: https://buymeacoffee.com/liamsturgess

You may have heard about people seeking out vax-free blood donations — now we’re seeing demand for vax-free breastmilk donations for mothers who, at times, cannot produce enough milk for their babies.

Salli Gonzalez, a veteran Texas midwife whose clients largely give birth at home + donate milk to one another, has advice for expectant parents.

Full interview by retired pediatrician, Paul Thomas, M.D.:

https://x.com/i/broadcasts/1YpJklMedXXxj

Posts

1 min ago


Primary analysis showed no significant evidence for a difference in time to end of target lesion primary patency between groups hazard ratio 1.18 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 1.79. There were no significant differences for any secondary outcomes, including patency outcomes and adverse events. Thus, our study demonstrated no evidence that paclitaxel-coated balloons provide benefit, following standard care high-pressure balloon angioplasty, in the treatment of arteriovenous fistulas. Hence, in view of the benefit suggested by other trials, the role of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons remains uncertain.The hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a progressive but potentially reversible deterioration of kidney function, constitutes a serious complication of hepatic decompensation. Coexistence of liver/kidney damage, mentioned in the dropsy literature, was highlighted by Richard Bright in 1827 and confirmed in 1840 by his contemporary nephrology pioneer Pierre Rayer. Cholemic nephrosis was described in 1861 by Friedrich Frerichs, and the renal tubular lesions of HRS by Austin Flint in 1863. https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html The term "acute hepato-nephritis" was introduced in 1916 by Paul Merklen, and its chronic form was designated HRS by Marcel Dérot in 1930s. HRS then was applied to renal failure in biliary tract surgery and to cases of coexistent renal and hepatic failure of diverse etiology. The pathogenesis of HRS was elucidated during the 1950 studies of renal physiology. Notably, studies of salt retention in edema and its relation to regulating the circulating plasma volume by John Peters and subsequently Otto Gauer defined the concept of "effective blood volume" and the consequent elucidation of ascites formation in liver failure. Parallel studies of intrarenal hemodynamics demonstrated severe renal vasoconstriction and preferential cortical ischemia to account for the functional renal dysfunction of HRS. Dialysis and liver or combined liver-kidney transplantation transformed the fatal HRS of old into a treatable disorder by the 1970s. Elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of renal injury and refinements in definition, classification, and diagnosis of HRS since then have allowed for earlier therapeutic intervention with combined i.v. albumin and vasoconstrictor therapy, enabling the continued improvement of patient outcomes.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion or shunting procedures are the most commonly performed surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus and are often employed in the management of elevated intracranial pressure due to a variety of diseases. Despite their popularity however, approximately 50% of shunts fail within the first two years, and several revisions are required within the first decade after placement. Ophthalmologists may encounter patients with a CSF shunt to evaluate for concerns of vision loss or diplopia and to determine if papilledema is present. We discuss the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations and evaluation of possible CSF shunt malfunction.
Methods for p-value correction are criticized for either increasing Type II error or improperly reducing Type I error in large exploratory data analysis. This text considers patterns in probability vectors resulting from mass univariate analysis to correct p-values, where clusters of significant p-values may indicate true H0 rejection.

We used ERP experimental data from control and ADHD boys to test the method. The Log10 of p-vector was convolved with a Gaussian window whose length was set as the shortest lag above which autocorrelation of each ERP wave may be assumed to have vanished. We realized Monte-Carlo simulations (MC) to (1) evaluate confidence intervals of rejected and non-rejected areas of our data, (2) to evaluate differences between corrected and uncorrected p-vectors or simulated ones in terms of distribution of significant p-values, and (3) to empirically verify the type-I error rate (comparing 10,000 pairs of mixed samples whit control and ADHD subjects).

The differences between simulation or raw p-vector and corrected p-vectors were, respectively, minimal and maximal for window length set by autocorrelation in p-vector convolution.

Our method was less conservative while FDR methods rejected basically all significant p-values.The MC simulations presented 2.78 ± 4.83% of difference (20 channels) from corrected p-vector, while difference from raw p-vector was 596 ± 5.00% (p = 0.0003).

As a cluster-based correction, the present new method seems to be biological and statistically suitable to correct p-values in mass univariate analysis of ERP waves, which adopts adaptive parameters to correction.
As a cluster-based correction, the present new method seems to be biological and statistically suitable to correct p-values in mass univariate analysis of ERP waves, which adopts adaptive parameters to correction.
Brain MRI is a promising technique for Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarker development. Its analysis, however, is hindered by the high-dimensional nature of the data, particularly when the sample size is relatively small.

This study introduces a folded concave penalized machine learning scheme with spatial coupling fused penalty (fused FCP) to build biomarkers for PD directly from whole-brain voxel-wise MRI data. The penalized maximum likelihood estimation problem of the model is solved by local linear approximation.

The proposed approach is evaluated on synthetic and Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) data. It achieves good AUC scores, accuracy in classification, and biomarker identification with a relatively small sample size, and the results are robust for different tuning parameter choices. On the PPMI data, the proposed method discovers over 80 % of large regions of interest (ROIs) identified by the voxel-wise method, as well as potential new ROIs.

The fused FCP approach is compared with L1, fused-L1, and FCP method using three popular machine learning algorithms, logistic regression, support vector machine, and linear discriminant analysis, as well as the voxel-wise method, on both synthetic and PPMI datasets. The fused FCP method demonstrated better accuracy in separating PD from controls than L1 and fused-L1 methods, and similar performance when compared with FCP method. In addition, the fused FCP method showed better ROI identification.

The fused FCP method can be an effective approach for MRI biomarker discovery in PD and other studies using high dimensionality data/low sample sizes.
The fused FCP method can be an effective approach for MRI biomarker discovery in PD and other studies using high dimensionality data/low sample sizes.

1 min ago


ate better sexual and reproductive wellbeing for Muslim women. It is important to note that while this review aimed to report findings on Muslim women, we acknowledge that significant variations exist within every culture and religion.BACKGROUND There has been an increase in children growing up in non-traditional families, such as single-parent and blended families. Children from such families have a higher prevalence of obesity and poorer health outcomes, but research on the relationship with obesogenic behaviours is limited. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there are associations between family structures and obesogenic behaviours and related family rules in European children and adolescents. METHODS The sample included 7664 children (mean age ± SD 10.9 ± 2.9) from 4923 families who were participants of the multi-centre I.Family study (2013/2014) conducted in 8 European countries. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview on kinship and household. Obesogenic behaviours (screen time, sleep duration, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) and family rules (rules for computer and television, bedtime routine, availability of SSBs during meals) were determined by standardized questioe family structures. Parental education did not modify any of these associations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/leupeptin-hemisulfate.html CONCLUSIONS Parents in non-traditional family structures appear to experience more difficulties in restricting screen time and the intake of SSBs in their children than parents in traditional two-parent family structures. Our findings therefore suggest that additional support and effective strategies for parents in non-traditional families may help to reduce obesogenic behaviours in children from such family types.BACKGROUND The Health And Self-Management In Diabetes (HASMIDv1) questionnaire consists of 8 attributes, 4 about quality of life, and 4 about self-management. The overall aim of this study was to rigorously examine the psychometric properties of the HASMIDv1 questionnaire. METHODS The study comprised two phases. Phase 1 identified items of the HASMIDv1 questionnaire that potentially required rewording through consultation with a patient involvement panel and two focus groups of people with diabetes. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional longitudinal survey where HASMID, EQ-5D-5L, health, treatment and sociodemographic questions were administered using both paper and online versions to people with diabetes. Participants were asked to complete the survey again approximately 3 months later. Psychometric analyses were undertaken to examine floor and ceiling effects, item distributions, known group differences and internal consistency. Rasch analysis was undertaken to assess differential item functioning and disordernagement for people living with diabetes. HASMID-10 can be scored using total summative scores, with utility and monetary values also available for use in cost-utility and cost-benefit analyses.BACKGROUND Several reports indicate that a portion (5-10%) of men living with HIV-1 intermittently shed HIV-1 RNA into seminal plasma while on long term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highly suggestive of an HIV-1 reservoir in the male genital tract. However, the status of this reservoir in men living with HIV-1 who are not under treatment is underexplored and has implications for understanding the origins and evolution of the reservoir. FINDING Forty-three HIV-1 positive, antiretroviral therapy naïve study participants attending a men's health clinic were studied. Semen viral loads and blood viral loads were generally correlated, with semen viral loads generally detected in individuals with blood viral loads > 10,000 cp/ml. However, we found 1 individual with undetectable viral loads ( less then 20cp/ml) and 2 individuals with very low blood viral load (97 and 333cp/ml), but with detectable HIV-1 in semen (485-1157 copies/semen sample). Blood viral loads in the first individual were undetectable when tested three times over the prior 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Semen HIV-1 viral loads are usually related to blood viral loads, as we confirm. Nonetheless, this was not true in a substantial minority of individuals suggesting unexpectedly high levels of replication in the male genital tract in a few individuals, despite otherwise effective immune control. This may reflect establishment of a local reservoir of HIV-1 populations.BACKGROUND The detection of antibodies against capripoxvirus has become easier with a commercially available ELISA validated for serum and plasma. In order to explore its suitability for immunological investigations on alternative samples, this study targeted milk as sample matrix available through non-invasive sampling. METHODS Samples for this study were collected from dairy cows vaccinated against LSD in an area without reported LSD virus circulation. Paired serum and milk (individual and bulk) samples were tested by ELISA without and with modifications of the sample incubation time for the milk samples. For the evaluation of the test specificity, 352 milk samples from a milk repository in Germany were used as negative control. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for determination of the Youden index and determination of the most suitable cut-off value for maximum specificity. RESULTS From 154 analyzed serum samples from Serbia, 75 were detected as positive in the ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test for milk samples reached values of 88 to 91% using Youden criteria. A cut-off of 10 was determined aiming for maximum specificity. This cut-off value was used for further analysis. Using the protocol for serum, out of 154 milk samples, 38 were detected as positive, number of positive detected milk samples increase up to 48 with modified protocol. Milk samples from Germany reacted negative, except two samples that had borderline results using modified protocol. Significant statistical difference (p  less then  0.05) was observed between two incubation protocols. The detection of LSD-specific antibodies from bulk milk samples (pools of 2-10 individuals) came along with a reduced sensitivity over the sample of individual animals. CONCLUSIONS Results show that the detection of capripoxvirus specific antibodies in milk samples using the commercially available ELISA from IDvet is feasible and can represent a helpful tool for LSDV monitoring programs.

4 mins ago


We report a case of bladder diverticulum presumably caused by lower urinary tract dysfunction due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) simultaneously treated with transurethral coagulation (TUC) of the bladder diverticulum and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC). A literature search showed this is the first report of bladder diverticulum and POP surgically treated at the same time. A 71-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of cystocele. She had both storage and voiding symptoms. She had a POPQ stage III cystocele and stage I uterine prolapse. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan showed a large volume of residual urine along with a bladder diverticulum. Since urodynamic studies revealed a low compliance bladder and obstruction, we opined that the lower urinary tract symptoms were induced by the cystocele. TUC of the bladder diverticulum and LSC were performed at the same time. After the operation, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) was needed once a day for one month. Gradually, residual urine decreased and CIC became unnecessary. The bladder diverticulum disappeared, and there has been no recurrence of POP.A 69-year-old man visited a local doctor for fever, pain in the left abdomen, and macroscopic hematuria. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pirtobrutinib-loxo-305.html Computed tomography (CT) revealed hydronephrosis of the left kidney, and he was referred to our hospital. Detailed examinations suggested left-side pyonephrosis due to urothelial cancer, and left-side total nephroureterectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Sunitinib administration was started postoperatively for para-aortic lymph node metastasis, which disappeared. However, metastasis to the common iliac lymph node and liver appeared newly 11 months later. Nivolumab was started in combination with radiation thepapy for the lymph node metastases. The patient remains in a stable disease state as of 21 months after nivolumab administration.Five mg tadalafil was administered once-daily to 48 patients for 6 months. Their International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score (OABSS), Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), post-voided residual (PVR) volume, free testosterone (FT) level, prostate-specific antigen level, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) value obtained before and 6 months after the treatment were analyzed. The treatment significantly improved the IPSS, OABSS, SHIM score, and PVR volume (P less then 0.05), and significantly increased the mean FT level from 6.68 to 7.10 pg/ml ; P less then 0.05. We observed no significant changes in the hsCRP value and PSA level. However, elevated FT values were noted in 25 (52.1%) patients 6 months after the treatment (FT-increased group). Compared with the non-FT-increased group, the FT-increased group had markedly lower baseline FT value and higher prostatic volume. In both groups, IPSS and OABSS improved considerably. Moreover, the PVR volume, SHIM score, and hsCRP value markedly improved in the FT-increased group (P less then 0.05). Thus, 5 mg tadalafil administered oncedaily improved IPSS, OABSS, and erectile function, and increased the FT value, in hypogonadal patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, the hsCRP value declined considerably in patients with posttreatment elevated FT level.The clinical outcome of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) was retrospectively investigated taking into consideration the surgeon's position during the procedure. The study cohort included 184 consecutive patients who had undergone LRP performed by a single surgeon from February 2013 to July 2018. During the study period,the surgeon stood alternately on either the left or right side of the patient. The D'Amico risk classification was low,intermediate and high in 26 (14.1%),45 (24.5%) and 113 (61.4%) patients,respectively. Mean surgical duration was 203.5 minutes and mean estimated blood loss was 437.6 ml. Nerve sparing (NS) was implemented in 82 (44. 6%) patients. The mean period of having an indwelling urethral catheter was 5. 0 days. Perioperative Clavien-Dindo degree ≥IIIa complications occurred in three (1.6%) patients. Except for cases with presurgical hormonal treatment,surgical margins were positive in 41 (22.3%) patients,among whom 23 (17.4%) had pT2 disease. The 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 81.4%,and 84.8% of patients regained urinary continence at 12 months after surgery. Where the surgeon stood during LRP was not associated with significant differences in any parameter. However,the margin positive rate was higher on the side away from where the surgeon stood than the side closer to the surgeon (70.7% vs 29.3%). In conclusion,the position of the surgeon during LRP does not influence the outcome.Zika en Embarazadas y Niños (ZEN) is a prospective cohort study designed to identify risk factors and modifiers for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women, partners, and infants, as well as to assess the risk for adverse maternal, fetal, infant, and childhood outcomes of ZIKV and other congenital infections. ZIKV infection during pregnancy may be associated with longterm sequelae. In the ZEN cohort, 1,519 pregnant women and 287 partners were enrolled from 3 departments within Colombia between February 2017 and January 2018, as well as 1,108 infants born to the pregnant women who were followed to 6 months. The data include baseline questionnaires at enrollment; repeated symptoms and study follow-up questionnaires; the results of lab tests to detect ZIKV and other congenital infections; medical record abstractions; infant physical, eye, and hearing exams; and developmental screening tests. Follow-up of 850 mother-child dyads occurred at 9 months, 12 months, and 18 months with developmental screenings, physical exams, and parent questionnaires. The data will be pooled with those from other prospective cohort studies for an individual participant data meta-analysis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy to characterize pregnancy outcomes and sequelae in children.
This study aimed to identify latent classes in hypertensive patients based on the clustering of factors including lifestyle risk factors, metabolic risk factors, and obesity in each sex.

This cross-sectional study included 102,780 male and 103,710 female hypertensive patients who underwent health check-ups at 16 centers in Korea, in 2018. A latent class analysis approach was used to identify subgroups of hypertensive patients. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between latent classes and comorbidities of hypertension.

A four-class model provided the best fit for each sex. The following latent classes were identified Class I (male 16.9%, female 1.7%; high risk of lifestyle behaviors [HB] with metabolic disorders and obesity [MO]), Class II (male 32.4%, female 47.1%; low risk of lifestyle behaviors [LB] with MO), Class III (male 15.3%, female 1.8%; HB with metabolic disorders and normal weight [MNW]), Class IV (male 35.5%, female 49.4%; LB with MNW). Lifestyle patterns in the latent classes were classified as high-risk or low-risk according to smoking and high-risk drinking among male, and presented complex patterns including physical inactivity alone or in combination with other factors, among female.

5 mins ago


could reduce the need for re-biopsy during active surveillance. • PRECISE scores 4-5 have moderate PPV and should trigger either close monitoring or re-biopsy. • Three baseline predictors (PSA density, lesion size and Likert score) have a significant impact on the progression-free survival (PFS) time.
To evaluate the individual and combined effects of obesity and muscle mass on brain volume in a community-dwelling healthy older population.

One thousand two hundred nine participants (MF = 574635, mean age 63.6 ± 6.9years) were included. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb-5339.html The cross-sectional area of visceral fat (VF), the height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height
), and the ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat (TM/VF) represented obesity, muscle mass, and their integrated value, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to establish associations between 215 brain compartment volumes and VF, ASM/height
, and TM/VF after adjusting for covariates.

On regression analysis, TM/VF had a positive correlation to the volumes of temporal lobe and cerebellum. TM/VF was associated with volumes of 10 subcompartments. TM/VF was positively correlated with the volumes of left entorhinal cortex, right temporal pole and inferior temporal gyrus related to cognition (p< 0.05, respectively), and the volumes of cerebelluated to cognition. • The ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat was positively correlated with the volumes of cerebellum and pallidum related to movement.
• If obesity and muscle mass were considered together, we could find more significant brain volume changes which were not found in obesity or muscle alone. • The ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat was positively correlated with the volumes of entorhinal cortex, temporal pole, and inferior temporal gyrus related to cognition. • The ratio of thigh muscle to visceral fat was positively correlated with the volumes of cerebellum and pallidum related to movement.Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of global distribution, caused by the infection of pathogenic Leptospira, a group of bacteria capable of infecting both domestic and wild animals. Mink (Neovison vison) in southern Chile is recognized as a wild and synanthropic rodent predator (among various other prey), and Leptospira infection in them can be acquired through contact with the pathogen in the environment or by eating infected prey. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide more specifics regarding the source of the infection for the American mink under the conditions of Southern Chile. Minks were captured in the Los Ríos region, southern Chile, in an area with well-developed dairy farming. Two areas were selected for mink trapping, one with a high degree of dairy farming and a second with a low degree of dairy farming. Within them, 16 study sites were visited, and 45 American mink were trapped and euthanized to obtain kidney tissue and blood serum samples for bacteria isolation and determination of antibodies titers, respectively. Molecular characterization of the isolated strains was performed. Three minks from sites of high-dairy farming industry and only one from sites with low-degree dairy farming were detected as infected through molecular confirmation. This study shows evidence that confirms previous findings made in southern Chile, regarding mink as host of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo-prajitno associated to cattle-farming areas. However, typing information ( Leptospira interrogans Copenhageni and Icterohaemorrhagiae ) suggests that the consumption of rodents may also be a potential source of infection.The entry of gases into the vascular system is called vascular air embolism (VAE). The blocking of the pulmonary circulation by VAE can lead to fulminant right-sided heart failure and cardiocirculatory arrest. A VAE can occur at any time if there is an open connection between the environment and a venous vessel with subatmospheric pressure. This situation occurs during ear nose throat surgery, hip surgery, surgery of the lesser pelvis or breast surgery, if the surgical field is above the level of the heart; however, a VAE can also occur during routine tasks, such as insertion or removal of a central venous catheter or during endoscopic procedures with the insufflation of gas.Because during these procedures VAE is not the main focus of the anesthesia or surgery personnel, in such situations its sudden unexpected occurrence can have severe consequences. In contrast, in cardiac surgery or neurosurgery the risk of intraoperative VAE is much better known. In procedures with a higher risk of a clinically relevant Vixture (air lock) at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium through a large bore central venous line and keeping check of the coagulation status.
Posterior compartment prolapse is commonly due to a 'true' rectocele, i.e., a diverticulum of the rectal ampulla. This condition is associated with symptoms of obstructed defecation and may contribute to prolapse symptoms. We tested the hypothesis 'A true rectocele is an independent predictor of symptoms of prolapse.'

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to a urogynecology unit for symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction between September 2011 and June 2016. Assessment included a structured interview, POP-Q examination and 4D TLUS. Ultrasound volume data were acquired on Valsalva. Offline measurements were performed by analysis of stored volume data sets at a later date, blinded to all clinical data.

One hundred six patients were excluded because of incomplete data. Of the remainder, Bp was the most distal point on POP-Q in 348. Statistical analysis was performed on this cohort. Mean age was 60 (33-86) years and mean BMI 31 (18-55)kg/m². One hundred fifty-three patients (44%) presented with symptoms of prolapse; 272 were diagnosed with a true rectocele on TLUS. Bp on POP-Q and true rectocele on TLUS were both significantly associated with prolapse symptoms; however, on multivariate analysis the latter became nonsignificant (p = 0.059). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed that the presence of a true rectocele on TLUS did not contribute significantly to symptoms of prolapse (AUC 0.66 for model with rectocele, AUC 0.65 without).

The presence of a true rectocele on TLUS does not seem to contribute substantially to the manifestation of clinical symptoms of prolapse.
The presence of a true rectocele on TLUS does not seem to contribute substantially to the manifestation of clinical symptoms of prolapse.

6 mins ago


A total of 80 patients (31.6%) achieved individual HbA1c target (or target <7.0%) at Week 24. Furthermore, the proportion of patients achieving this target without symptomatic hypoglycaemia was 26.1% (n=66). A lower percentage of glycemia target achievement was observed in patients reporting hypoglycaemia (n=14), 20.6% of all patients reporting hypoglycaemia event(s) vs (n=66) 35.7% of all patients without hypoglycaemia event reported.

In this real-world study, although the hypoglycaemia rate was not high in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, there was a lower percentage of patients that achieved glycemic target among those reporting hypoglycaemia events vs patients who did not report them.
In this real-world study, although the hypoglycaemia rate was not high in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, there was a lower percentage of patients that achieved glycemic target among those reporting hypoglycaemia events vs patients who did not report them.There is a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes in India. We wanted to review the status of prediabetes and diabetes in the combined population of Chandigarh and Panchkula region based on both Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c). A total of 1215 subjects were recruited during the screening process, out of which 444 i subjects have been analysed for the current study on the basis of high risk for IDRS (≥60) and their known diabetes status. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/TGX-221.html This study included 431 subjects having high risk for IDRS (≥60) and 13 known subjects with diabetes (IDRS less then 60) which were further analysed for biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The prevalence of diabetes was found to be 12.67% and prediabetes 11.69% in the combined population of Chandigarh and Panchkula. There was an increased level of fasting blood glucose (183.12 ± 68.61), postprandial blood glucose (262.57 ± 96.92), triglyceride (193.84 ± 119.88), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (34.87 ± 15.42) and High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) (4.61 ± 1.39) in the said diabetes population. Mean HDL was found to be decreased in subjects having diabetes. Glucose-induced lipid intolerance study revealed significant alteration in triglyceride, HDL and VLDL. The study has revealed that high prevalence of diabetes in the sampled population when compared with the national average of 8.8%.
To systematically review the literature regarding the association between glucose variability (GV) and mood in adults with diabetes, appraise the used methods and make suggestions for future research.

A systematic review of literature published up to May 2019 was performed. Abstracts and full texts were screened independently in duplicate. Experimental and observational studies reporting the association between GV and mood in adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes were evaluated. A descriptive analysis of the extracted data was conducted, along with a quality assessment.

Out of the 2.316 studies screened, eight studies met our criteria. Studies used a variety of measures and metrics to determine GV and mood. Four studies used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). An association between GV and mood was found in four studies when correlating either postprandial glucose rate of increase with current mood or multiday GV with mood measured retrospectively. The other four studies did not find any association.

There is no clear empirical support for a link between GV and mood in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. More rigorous research is warranted using CGM and ecological momentary assessment of mood to assess if and under what conditions an association between GV and mood exists.
There is no clear empirical support for a link between GV and mood in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. More rigorous research is warranted using CGM and ecological momentary assessment of mood to assess if and under what conditions an association between GV and mood exists.
To explore the relationship between TyG index, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy.

This was a cross-sectional observational study that examined 1413subjects with type 2 diabetes (both knownand newly diagnosed). Subjects underwent a detailed standard evaluation to detect diabetic retinopathy (fundus photography) and nephropathy (defined as urinary albumin excretion≥30mg/24h). The TyGindex was calculated as ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2) and stratified into 4 quartiles (TyG-Q). The baselinecharacteristics of the study population in thefour TyG-Q (Q1 (≤7.3) n=349, Q2 (>7.3 to≤7.5) n=358, Q3 (>7.5 to≤8.0) n=354, and Q4 (>8.0) n=352) were analysed. Variables associated with the presence of DR and nephropathy were assessed using a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis.

The presence of DR was associatedwith higher TyG index (OR=1.453,
=.001) and longer duration of diabetes (OR=1.085,
< .001). The presence of nephropathy wasassociated with a higher TyG index (OR=1.703,
< .001), greater age (OR=1.031,
< .001), use of insulin (OR=1.842,
= .033), higher systolic BP (OR=1.015,
< .001), and the presence of DR (OR=3.052,
< .001). Higher TyG-Q correlatedwith the severity of DR (
= .024), presence of nephropathy (
= .001), age (
< .001) and diastolic blood pressure (
= .006).

A higher TyG index is associated with the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy in individuals with diabetes and could be used for monitoring metabolic status in clinical settings.
A higher TyG index is associated with the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy in individuals with diabetes and could be used for monitoring metabolic status in clinical settings.The aim of this systematic review was to identify the best footwear and insole design features for offloading the plantar surface of the foot to prevent foot ulceration in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We searched multiple databases for published and unpublished studies reporting offloading footwear and insoles for people with diabetic neuropathy and nonulcerated feet. Primary outcome was foot ulcer incidence; other outcome measures considered were any standardized kinetic or kinematic measure indicating loading or offloading the plantar foot. Fifty-four studies, including randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, case-series, and a case-controlled and cross-sectional study were included. Three meta-analyses were conducted and random-effects modelling found peak plantar pressure reduction of arch profile (37 kPa (MD, -37.5; 95% CI, -72.29 to -3.61; P less then .03), metatarsal addition (35.96 kPa (MD, -35.96; 95% CI, -57.33 to -14.60; P less then .001) and pressure informed design 75.4 kPa (MD, -75.