The consensus layer

The consensus layer ensures that nodes in the Cardano network agree on the state of the ledger. This layer employs the Ouroboros protocol, a Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism renowned for its security and scalability. Ouroboros enables Cardano to be more efficient and energy-efficient than PoW blockchains such as Bitcoin.


Ledger layer

The ledger layer stores all transactions that have taken place on the Cardano network. The ledger employs the extensible UTXO (EUTXO) accounting mechanism, enhancing the blockchain's scalability and efficiency.

Network layer

The network layer allows Cardano nodes to communicate with one another. This layer transmits transactions, blocks, and other data between nodes.
Source : https://trusttcrypto.blogspot.com/2024/03/cardano-hoat-ong-nhu-nao.html