pnoea perception.
Several studies suggest that statins, besides reducing cardiovascular disease, have anti-inflammatory properties which might provide a benefit in downregulating the immune response after a respiratory viral infection (RVI) and, hence, decreasing subsequent complications. We aim to analyse the effect of statins on mortality after RVI.

A single-centre, observational and retrospective study was carried out including all adult patients with a RVI confirmed by PCR tests from October 2, 2017 to May 20, 2018. Patients were divided between statin users and non-statin users and followed-up for 1 year, and all causes of death were recorded. In order to analyse the effect of statin treatment on mortality after RVI we planned two different approaches, a multivariate Cox regression model with the overall population and a univariate Cox model with a propensity-score matched population.

We included 448 patients, 154 (34.4%) of whom were under statin treatment. Statin users had a worse clinical profile (older population with more comorbidities). During the 1-year follow-up, 67 patients died, 17 (11.0%) in the statin group and 50 (17.1%) in the non-statin group. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that statins were associated with mortality benefit (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.83; p=0.01). In a matched population (101 statins users and 101 non-statins users) statins also remained associated with mortality benefit (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.72; p=0.006). Differences were mainly driven by non-cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.73; p=0.004).

Chronic statin treatment was associated with reduced 1-year mortality in patients with laboratory-confirmed RVI. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of statin therapy after RVI.
Chronic statin treatment was associated with reduced 1-year mortality in patients with laboratory-confirmed RVI. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of statin therapy after RVI.
Delivery of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in children and adults. Treatment adherence is a major challenge, as many patients find the CPAP mask uncomfortable. The study aim was to demonstrate the feasibility of delivered CPAP through customised nasal masks by assessing mask leak and comfort of customised masks compared to commercially available CPAP masks.

Six healthy adult volunteers participated in a crossover study including commercial masks in three different sizes (petite, small/medium and large) from the same supplier and a customised mask fabricated for each subject using three-dimensional facial scanning and modern additive manufacturing processes. Mask leak and comfort were assessed with varying CPAP levels and mask tightness. Leak was measured in real time using an inline low-resistance Pitot tube flow sensor, and each mask was ranked for comfort by the subjects.

Mask leak rates varied directly with CPAP level and inversely with mask tightness. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ms4078.html When ranked for comfort, three subjects favoured the customised mask, while three favoured a commercial mask. The petite mask yielded the highest mask leaks and was ranked least comfortable by all subjects. Relative mask leaks and comfort rankings for the other commercial and customised masks varied between individuals. Mask leak was comparable when comparing the customised masks with the highest ranked commercial masks.

Customised masks successfully delivered target CPAP settings in all six subjects, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.
Customised masks successfully delivered target CPAP settings in all six subjects, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.The #COVID19 pandemic crisis requires the collaboration of all healthcare providers. Every contribution is welcome to gain time during the phase of "system state" superposition. https//bit.ly/3m4SBxY.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pulmonary function tests.

After conducting an exhaustive literature search, we performed a meta-analysis. We employed the inverse variance method with a random-effects model to calculate the effect estimate as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We calculated the heterogeneity with the I
statistic and performed a meta-regression analysis by sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and geographical region. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis according to the studies' publication date, size of the T2D group and the study quality, excluding the study with the greatest weight in the effect.

The meta-analysis included 66 studies (one longitudinal, two case-control and 63 cross-sectional), with 11 134 patients with T2D and 48 377 control participants. The pooled MD (95% CI) for the predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow re needed to investigate outcomes for patients with T2D and impaired pulmonary function.
Inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) represents a mutation-agnostic therapeutic approach to restore airway surface liquid hydration and mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis. BI 1265162 is an inhaled ENaC inhibitor with demonstrated preclinical efficacy.

Three phase I trials of BI 1265162 in healthy male subjects are presented NCT03349723 (single-rising-dose trial evaluating safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK)); NCT03576144 (multiple-rising-dose trial evaluating safety, tolerability and PK); and NCT03907280 (absolute bioavailability trial).

BI 1265162 single doses ≤1200 µg and multiple doses of 600 µg were well tolerated. Adverse events were balanced across treatment groups, were of mainly mild or moderate intensity and resolved by trial-end. One subject discontinued from trial medication on day 7 (asymptomatic hyperkalaemia adverse event; recovered day 8). One subject experienced a serious adverse event (neuropathia vestibularis) leading to hospitalisation and on. Accumulation was minimal. Twice-daily dosing is supported for future development.
Improved pneumonia diagnostics are needed, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising point-of-care imaging technology for diagnosing pneumonia. The objective was to explore LUS patterns associated with paediatric pneumonia.

We conducted a prospective, observational study among children aged 2 to 23 months with World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illness chest-indrawing pneumonia and among children without fast breathing, chest indrawing or fever (no pneumonia cohort) at two district hospitals in Mozambique and Pakistan. We assessed LUS and chest radiograph (CXR) examinations, and viral and bacterial nasopharyngeal carriage, and performed a secondary analysis of LUS patterns.

LUS demonstrated a range of distinctive patterns that differed between children with and without pneumonia and between children in Mozambique
Pakistan. The presence of LUS consolidation or interstitial patterns was more common in children with chest-indrawing pneumonia than in those without pneumonia.