7 W kg-1). Due to the improved structural stability, the ASCs also exhibit high cycling stability (a capacity retention of 97.8% after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles).High particle concentrations are observed in the streets. Regional-scale chemistry-transport models are not able to reproduce these high concentrations, because their spatial resolution is not fine enough. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cfi-400945.html Local-scale models are usually employed to simulate the high concentrations in street networks, but they often adopt substantial simplifications to determine background concentrations and use simplified chemistry. This study presents the new version of the local-scale Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) that integrates background concentrations simulated by the regional-scale chemistry-transport model Polair3D, and uses the same complex chemistry module as Polair3D, SSH-aerosol, to represent secondary aerosol formation. Gas and aerosol concentrations in Paris streets are simulated with MUNICH, considering a street-network with more than 3800 street segments, between 3 May and 30 June. Comparisons with PM10 and PM2.5 measurements at several locations of Paris show that the hioncentrations by 3% on average, reaching 26% depending on the street segments. Not taking into account gas-phase chemistry and aerosol dynamics in the modelling leads to an underestimation of organic concentrations by about 11% on average over the streets and time, but this underestimation may reach 51% depending on the streets and the time of the day.Atomically precise metal nanoclusters, stabilized and functionalized by organic ligands, are emerging nanomaterials with potential applications in plasmonics, nano-electronics, bio-imaging, nanocatalysis, and as therapeutic agents or drug carriers in nanomedicine. The ligand layer has an important role in modifying the physico-chemical properties of the clusters and in defining the interactions between the clusters and the environment. While this role is well recognized from a great deal of experimental studies, there is very little theoretical information on dynamical processes within the layer itself. Here, we have performed extensive molecular dynamics simulations, with forces calculated from the density functional theory, to investigate thermal stability and dynamics of the ligand layer of the meta-mercaptobenzoic acid (m-MBA) protected Au68 and Au144 nanoclusters, which are the first two gold nanoclusters structurally solved to atomic precision by electron microscopy [Azubel et al., Science, 2014, 345, 909 and ACS Nano, 2017, 11, 11866]. We visualize and analyze dynamics of three distinct non-covalent interactions, viz., ligand-ligand hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand O[double bond, length as m-dash]C-OHAu interaction, and metal-ligand Ph(π)Au interaction. We discuss their relevance for defining, at the same time, the dynamic stability and reactivity of the cluster. These interactions promote the possibility of ligand addition reactions for bio-functionalization or allow the protected cluster to act as a catalyst where active sites are dynamically accessible inside the ligand layer.Solar energy can be harvested using luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) incorporated with edge-mounted solar cells without sacrificing their see-through visibility, thus facilitating the development of solar windows. Eco-friendly carbon dots (CDs) are promising alternatives to heavy-metal-containing quantum dots in LSC applications. Unfortunately, their solid-state quantum yield (QY) at high optical density (required by laminated LSCs) is still low (200 nm) even at a high loading content (∼10 wt%), while still exhibiting high optical transparency. Moreover, unlike conventional QY reduction upon increasing the excitation wavelengths, such high QY values can be maintained over all excitation wavelengths in the absorption region. Benefiting from these photophysical properties, efficient laminated LSCs were simply prepared, yielding a high optical efficiency of ∼4.4%.The numerous biological applications of nanoparticles in general and nano-clays in particular are rooted in understanding and harnessing their dynamic nano-bio interface. Among clays, the intrinsically-mesoporous halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have emerged in recent years as promising nanomaterials. The diverse interactions of these nanotubes with living cells, encompassing electrostatic, van der Waals, and ion exchange, along with cellular response, are crucial in determining the behaviour of HNTs in biological systems. Thus, rational engineering of the nanotube properties allows for vast applications ranging from bacteria encapsulation for bioremediation, through algae flocculation for aquaculture, to intracellular drug delivery. This review summarizes the many aspects of the nano-bio interface of HNTs with different cell types (bacteria, algae and fungi, and mammalian cells), highlighting biocompatibility/bio-adverse properties, interaction mechanisms, and the latest cutting-edge technologies.Long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) has been evidenced to be a leading contributor to premature mortality in China and many other countries. Previous studies assess the health risk using an exposure-response function, such as an exposure-mortality model (EMM) based on total concentration of PM2.5. However, the risk assessment method can be problematic as it ignores the unequal toxicity between the different chemical components of PM2.5. To derive a components-specific EMM (CS-EMM), we conducted a whole-population-based epidemiology study in China, using the Chinese Population Census data in 2000 and 2010. Concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and its components were assessed by satellite-based concentrations of PM2.5 and composition fractions simulated by a chemical transport model. We used a difference-in-difference approach to associate county-level changes of census-based total mortality with changes of PM2.5 and its components between 2010 and 2000. The chemical components of PM2.5 simulated byt corresponded to a 46.7% increment in PM2.5-associated deaths. This study developed a framework to establish and validate an exposure-response function based on PM2.5 components, and illustrated its advantages in terms of risk prediction and result interpretation in China. Our approach can be utilized to evaluate how chemical composition modified the health impact of PM2.5, and should help policy-makers target the toxic sources of air pollution.