The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was found to be 32.4%, and mild and moderate depressions were present among 14.4% and 6.4% of the study population, respectively. Witnessing death (odds ratio [OR] = 5.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-3.06), loss of valuables (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 0.78-9.04), self-blame (OR = 6.06; 95% CI = 1.15-31.91), and perceived death threat (OR = 9.98; 95% CI = 5.89-46.85) acted as determinants in the occurrence of PTSD and depression.

A considerably large proportion of the population suffered from psychiatric disorders following the trauma. These must be addressed with an urgent development of multidisciplinary teams incorporating mental health services across all hospitals' trauma units.
A considerably large proportion of the population suffered from psychiatric disorders following the trauma. These must be addressed with an urgent development of multidisciplinary teams incorporating mental health services across all hospitals' trauma units.
Mother baby psychiatry units (MBUs) are the expected standard of inpatient care internationally for postpartum mothers with severe mental illness (SMI) and favorable outcomes for mother infant dyads have been reported from these services. However, there are very few such units in low- and middle-income countries. The current study aimed to assess the short-term outcome of mothers in SMI admitted to an MBU in India.

Mother infant dyads admitted over a year in the MBU were assessed in detail at admission, discharge, and at 3 months. Tools used included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Young's Mania Rating Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Clinical Global Impression. Mother infant interaction was assessed using the NIMHANS maternal behavior scale.

The mean age of the 43 mothers admitted in this period was 27.3 ± 6.2 years. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CHR-2797(Tosedostat).html For 27 (62.8%) mothers, this was a first episode of psychosis. Affective disorders and acute psychotic disorders were the most common diagnoses. The average duration of stay in the MBU was 25 days. While all mothers showed significant improvement at discharge, mothers with a first episode in the postpartum had higher BPRS scores (Ws = 309.5,
= 0.02) as compared to the others. At 3 months following discharge, all mothers sustained the improvement achieved.

Mothers with SMI admitted to an MBU showed significant clinical and dyadic improvement at discharge which was sustained at 3 months. However, the lack of a control group limits the generalizability of the current findings.

The study highlighted a favorable short-term outcome among mothers with SMI admitted to a MBU facility.
The study highlighted a favorable short-term outcome among mothers with SMI admitted to a MBU facility.
The co-occurrence of alcohol and tobacco dependence is frequently witnessed in treatment settings. It is a challenge for clinicians to treat such patients due to their powerful biological association.

The study is aimed to assess the relationship of Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism with substance intake among individuals who are dependent on both alcohol and tobacco.

A cross-sectional study involving patients coming to the outpatient department was planned. Brief information on their sociodemographic and substance use profile was recorded. Genotyping of COMT Val158Met was carried out using established polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The
genotyping was classified based on the presence or absence of Met allele using the dominant model. link2 Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Binary logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data.

The study included 104 alcohol and nicotine co-dependent subjecteatment outcome.
Alcohol use disorder is attributing to a significant health-care burden worldwide. Early-onset alcohol dependence is associated with more adverse outcomes than those with late-onset alcohol dependence. Comorbid externalizing disorders and cognitive deficits may be associated with the negative outcomes in early-onset alcohol dependence. This study aims at exploring the externalizing psychopathology and cognitive performance in early-onset alcohol dependence versus late-onset alcohol dependence.

This is a cross-sectional study carried out on patients attending the psychiatry unit of a tertiary care center of north India after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 57 patients with alcohol dependence enrolled in the study, after screening a total of 112 patients. Patients were evaluated for the externalizing psychopathology (using SSAGA intravenous [IV]) and cognitive performance (using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST] and continuous performance test [CPT]). Comparison of sociodemographic, clinical variables as well as externalizing psychopathology and cognitive performance was done between early-onset and late-onset alcohol dependence.

Comparison between early-onset and late-onset alcohol dependence revealed that the score of individual externalizing psychopathologies and the total externalizing psychopathology score on SSAGA IV in the early-onset group are significantly higher than late-onset alcohol dependence. Similarly, there is a significant difference in the executive functions (on WCST) between the two groups (early onset < late onset). On CPT, there are significantly more errors of omission in the early-onset group in comparison to their late-onset counterparts.

Early-onset alcohol dependence is associated with more externalizing psychopathology and more cognitive dysfunction than late-onset alcohol dependence.
Early-onset alcohol dependence is associated with more externalizing psychopathology and more cognitive dysfunction than late-onset alcohol dependence.
Little information is available regarding the effect of religiosity and spirituality on medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.

This study aimed to evaluate the association of medication adherence with different aspects of religiosity and spirituality in patients with schizophrenia.

One hundred patients with schizophrenia were evaluated on religiousness measure scale and Duke Religion Index (DUREL); Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE); World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religiosity, and Personal Beliefs (WHOQoL-SRPB); and Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS).

A higher level of religiosity as assessed by the religiousness measure scale, private religious activities and intrinsic religiosity as per DUREL, positive religious coping, and all the domains of WHOQOL-SRPB was associated with better medication compliance as assessed by the percentage of doses of medications consumed in the last 1 month as evaluated by using BARS.

The present study suggests that a higher level of religiosity and spirituality were associated with better medication compliance.
The present study suggests that a higher level of religiosity and spirituality were associated with better medication compliance.
Little information is available from India about the psychological impact of COVID-19 on helath-care workers.

The current study aimed to evaluate the psychological issues among the health-care workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An online survey using Survey Monkey
platform was carried out to evaluate depression (using Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7), and other psychological issues (using a self-designed questionnaire).

The study sample comprised 303 participants with a mean age of 41.2 (standard deviation 11.1) years. A majority of them were male (69%) and married (79.9%). Nearly half (46.2%) of the participants had either anxiety disorder or depression or both and 12.9% of HCW had suicidal behavior. Higher level of anxiety and depression scores were associated with being female, having undergone quarantine, directly involved in the care of COVID-19 patients, and younger age (<30 years). Higher prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was seen in younger (<30 years) age group, being a doctor (compared to paramedics). In addition, higher prevalence of depression was seen in those who were directly involved in the care of patients with COVID-19 infection.

About half of the HCWs are suffering from psychiatric morbidity, specifically anxiety, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to assess all the HCWs for psychiatric morbidity and provide them with psychological support.
About half of the HCWs are suffering from psychiatric morbidity, specifically anxiety, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to assess all the HCWs for psychiatric morbidity and provide them with psychological support.
Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been found effective in providing postoperative analgesia following a myriad of surgeries. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonography (USG) guided erector spinae plane block to provide postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

This was a prospective, double-blinded, randomised parallel-group study conducted in patients undergoing PCNL. Patients in Group C (n = 33) received subcutaneous infiltration of 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine at the incision site and Group B (n = 33) received USG guided ESPB with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine postoperatively. Numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were assessed at intervals of 30 min, 60 min, then hourly for six h, followed by four-hourly up to 24 h. The primary objective of the study was to compare postoperative pain relief using the NRS score between the two groups. Secondary objectives were to compare the analgesic requirement and to assess the incidence of complications. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean and standard deviation and analysed using Student's t-test. Data following non-normal distribution were expressed as median and interquartile range and analysed using Mann- Whitney U-test. For categorical data, the Chi-square test was used.

NRS scores were lower in Group B than Group C. There was significant prolongation in time for first analgesia in Group B (12 h) compared to Group C (30 min). There was a significant reduction in total tramadol consumption at 24 h postoperatively in the ESPB group.

Ultrasound-guided ESPB is an efficacious analgesic technique with an opioid-sparing effect following PCNL.
Ultrasound-guided ESPB is an efficacious analgesic technique with an opioid-sparing effect following PCNL.
The influence of gut microbiota on human behaviour, stress and sleep is currently a novel topic of research. A prospective double-blind randomised trial was planned to find out whether probiotics by alteration of the gut microbiome can allay surgery-related stress and improve sleep.

A total of 160 elective surgical patients were randomised to receive either probiotic or placebo capsule twice daily for four and a half consecutive preoperative days. They were subjected to the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire, a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and estimation of salivary alpha-amylase (SAA), a well-known biomarker of stress on the evening of admission and on the evening just before the day of scheduled surgery. Data were analysed using Chi-square test, Student's
-test and Mann-Whitney test.

On comparing between the two groups, there was a significant difference in PSS scores, SAA levels and PVT scores after probiotic/placebo therapy. link3 There was a decrease in the PSS scores by 11.38% (
< 0.05) and SAA levels by 11.