Accordingly, treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody diminished SMA remodeling in a model of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Moreover, in vitro studies in VSMCs reported here, provide further evidence of the direct effects of IL-17A on cell growth responses. Our experimental data suggest that IL-17A is a key mediator of vascular remodeling of the small arteries, which might contribute, at least in part, to blood pressure elevation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.Non-physician healthcare practitioners are increasingly providing pre-travel care, including completing risk assessments and prescribing medications and vaccines. While this increases pre-travel care access, the quality of this care must be ensured. Doing so requires translation of existing prescribing competencies and best practices in competence development into policies regulating pre-travel care. © International Society of Travel Medicine 2020.Multiple intra-cellular signalling pathways rely on calcium and 3'-5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to act as secondary messengers. This is especially true in cardiomyocytes which act as the force-producing units of the cardiac muscle and are required to react rapidly to environmental stimuli. The specificity of functional responses within cardiomyocytes and other cell types is produced by the organellar compartmentation of both calcium and cAMP. In this review, we assess the role of molecular localisation and relative contribution of active and passive processes in producing compartmentation. Active processes comprise the creation and destruction of signals, whereas passive processes comprise the release or sequestration of signals. Cardiomyocytes display a highly articulated membrane structure which displays significant cell-to-cell variability. Special attention is paid to the way in which cell membrane caveolae and the transverse-axial tubule system allow molecular localisation. We explore the effects of cell maturation, pathology and regional differences in the organisation of these processes. The subject of signal compartmentation has had a significant amount of attention within the cardiovascular field and has undergone a revolution over the past two decades. Advances in the area have been driven by molecular imaging using fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded constructs based upon fluorescent proteins. We also explore the use of scanning probe microscopy in the area. These techniques allow the analysis of molecular compartmentation within specific organellar compartments which gives researchers an entirely new perspective. © 2020 The Author(s).BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bananas (Musa spp.) are a major staple food for hundreds of millions of people in developing countries. The cultivated varieties are seedless and parthenocarpic clones of which the ancestral origin remains to be clarified. The most important cultivars are triploids with an AAA, AAB, or ABB genome constitution, with A and B genomes provided by M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, respectively. Previous studies suggested that inter-genome recombinations were relatively common in banana cultivars and that triploids were more likely to have passed through an intermediate hybrid. In this study, we investigated the chromosome structure within the ABB group, composed of starchy cooking bananas that play an important role in food security. METHODS Using SNP markers called from RAD-Seq data, we studied the chromosome structure of 36 ABB genotypes spanning defined taxonomic subgroups. To complement https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PHA-739358(Danusertib).html , we search for similar events within nine AB hybrid genotypes. KEY RESULTS Recurrent Homolbisiana, particularly in India, where these unbalanced AB hybrids and ABB allotriploids originated, and where cultivated M. balbisiana are abundant. The result of this study clarifies the classification of ABB cultivars, leading possibly to the revision of the classification of this subgroup. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.The formation of caveolae, bulb-shaped plasma membrane invaginations, requires the coordinated action of distinct lipid-interacting and -shaping proteins. The interdependence of caveolar structure and function has evoked substantial scientific interest given the association of human diseases with caveolar dysfunction. Model systems deficient of core components of caveolae, caveolins or cavins, did not allow for an explicit attribution of observed functional defects to the requirement of caveolar invagination as they lack both invaginated caveolae and caveolin proteins. Knockdown studies in cultured cells and recent knockout studies in mice identified an additional family of membrane-shaping proteins crucial for caveolar formation, syndapins (PACSINs) - BAR domain superfamily proteins characterized by crescent-shaped membrane binding interfaces recognizing and inducing distinct curved membrane topologies. Importantly, syndapin loss-of-function resulted exclusively in impairment of caveolar invagination without a reduction in caveolin or cavin at the plasma membrane, thereby allowing the specific role of the caveolar invagination to be unveiled. Muscle cells of syndapin III KO mice showed severe reductions of caveolae reminiscent of human caveolinopathies and were more vulnerable to membrane damage upon changes in membrane tensions. #link# Consistent with the lack of syndapin III-dependent invaginated caveolae providing mechanoprotection by releasing membrane reservoirs through caveolar flattening, physical exercise of syndapin III KO mice resulted in pathological defects reminiscent of the clinical symptoms of human myopathies associated with caveolin 3 mutation suggesting that the ability of muscular caveolae to respond to mechanical forces is a key physiological process. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.Verbenols are aromatic terpenoids whose bioactivity is attracting considerable experimental efforts. Exploiting the chirped-pulse Fourier transform technique, the rotational spectra of cis-verbenol, its hydroxyl deuterated form, and all 13C-monosubstituted isotopologues have been assigned, allowing for the structure determination, as the knowledge of its shape is crucial to understanding its molecular activity. Unlike in the solid state, in the gas phase, the most stable conformer exhibits an anti HO-CH arrangement, analogous to that of simpler allyl alcohol compounds. Observation of the 1  1 water complex showed that the conformation of cis-verbenol is still anti where water not only acts mainly as a proton donor to the hydroxyl group, but also as a proton acceptor, forming a secondary C-HO interaction with the hydrogen atom of alkyl verbenol.