An undescribed iridoid (valeridoid A) and five undescribed bis-iridoids (valeridoids B-F), along with four known ones, were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS spectroscopic data. In addition, 8,9-didehydro-7-hydroxydolichodial and valeridoid F were found to inhibit the growth of three human glioma stem cells (GSC-3#, GSC-12# and GSC-18#). Ritual healing is one of the core topics in anthropology and is also important in psychology. The key aim of this study is to investigate and explore the understanding of religious perspectives of ritual healing and trance practices in Muslim shrines in Pakistan. Several studies have been conducted to highlight the shrines in Muslim countries to demonstrate the Sufi tradition in Islam, where the followers seek healing and use the Sufi saints as intermediaries for the fulfillment of their desires. In Pakistan, the shrine of Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar provides a vital cultural, religious, psychological, and social resource where people get involved in religious rituals and trances. A sample of 70 devotees was randomly interviewed with the help of qualitative research methods such as semi-structured and in-depth interviewed, key informants included observation were used for data collection. The major focus of this study is on the religious rituals of healing and the overall assumption that people engage in this practice according to their socio-cultural needs, and followers of the shrine in the living community seek healing rituals to address their social ailments as well as physical and emotional problems. They engage in different types of rituals, including trances, with different objectives. The research goal is to discover the chief motive of devotees who visit the shrine for the rituals and religious practices. These findings of this study propose that shrine ritual healing is powerful not so much because of the specific practice of exorcist rituals, but because the practice is associated with sacred activities and religious rituals performed by thousands of people throughout the years. The modification of phononic crystals by surface structuring allows obtaining a new parameter describing the dynamics of the structure produced in this way. We have investigated the dispersion relation of surface acoustic waves propagating in a phononic material which is based on nanometer-scale surface modulation using interconnected one-dimensional array of stripes and a two-dimensional array of pillars. The influence of these two array components on the dispersion relation has been determined experimentally (Brillouin light scattering) and theoretically (Finite Element Method). The interaction of these two nanostructures supports a new mode which is not observed in independent structures of pillars and stripes. The influence of the relative position of these two nanostructures on the frequency of the new mode has been determined. The present paper studies experimentally and numerically the surface acoustic wave (SAW) field on a piezoelectric substrate generated by interdigital transducers (IDT). On the one hand, mechanical displacements produced by the SAW are measured with the help of a laser Doppler vibrometer. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html On the other hand, mechanical displacements are computed by the two-dimensional finite element method in frequency domain followed by the spatial Fourier transform. Combining these two steps of computations results in the intended two-dimensional distribution of mechanical displacements on the substrate surface. The comparison of experimental and numerical data obtained for a series of different IDTs reveals that it is possible to estimate the shape of the SAW beam and the absolute value of mechanical displacement amplitude using only the basic parameters of the IDT and its electrical admittance measured by a network analyzer. This study reports the differences in toxic action between cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by recently developed xanthate-mediated method. The aquatic toxicity of the synthesized NPs on four marine microalgae species was explored. Growth rate, esterase activity, membrane potential, and morphological changes of microalgae cells were evaluated using flow cytometry and optical microscopy. CdS and ZnS NPs demonstrated similar level of general toxicity and growth-rate inhibition to all used microalgae species, except the red algae P. purpureum. More specifically, CdS NPs caused higher inhibition of growth rate for C. muelleri and P. purpureum, while ZnS NPs were more toxic for A. ussuriensis and H. akashiwo species. Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of different microalgae species to CdS and ZnS NPs depends on the chemical composition of NPs and their ability to interact with the components of microalgal cell-wall. The red microalga was highly resistant to ZnS NPs most likely due to the presence of phycoerythrin proteins in the outer membrane bound Zn2+ cations defending their cells from further toxic influence. The treatment with CdS NPs caused morphological changes and biochemical disorder in all tested microalgae species. The toxicity of CdS NPs is based on their higher photoactivity under visible light irradiation and lower dissociation in water, which allows them to generate more reactive oxygen species and create a higher risk of oxidative stress to aquatic organisms. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the parameters affecting the aquatic toxicity of semiconductor NPs and provide a basis for further investigations. BACKGROUND The presence of pesticides in honey and related products is an increasing concern for consumers and producers, although there is lack of data on the current burden of exposure of the general human population through these products. We present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of contamination to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides of products from honeybees, and an estimation of how much the consumption of these products contributes to the ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) of selected substances. OBJECTIVES We aim to systematically review and meta-analyse studies on the contamination to plant protection products in honey, royal jelly, beeswax and propolis, applying the Navigation Guide and WHO-ILO systematic review methodology as an organizing framework. DATA SOURCES We will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from PubMed, TOXNET and EMBASE. We will include quantitative studies analysing the contamination from insecticides, herbicides and fungicides in honey, propolis, royal jelly and beeswax.