Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) are one of two primate genera that live almost exclusively in groups with one adult-size individual of each sex and exhibit extensive biparental care of offspring. We provide a quantitative description of infant care and pairmate behavior in natural groups of Callicebus discolor that contributes to a limited literature on the behavioral ecology of wild titi monkeys. We collected data during a 3-year period from two social groups living in primary tropical rainforest at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Amazonian Ecuador before and after the birth of five infants. In order to evaluate the potential social and energetic costs associated with biparental care of offspring, we examined the relationships between infant care, pairmate behavior, and adult activity budgets. We found that males were almost exclusively responsible for transporting, grooming, sharing food, and playing with infants. As predicted, we found that, following the birth of an infant, adults groomed their partners less, spent less time in contact, and that huddling between pairmates decreased. Contrary to our predictions, after the birth of an infant, females did not increase the time spent feeding, and males did not decrease the time spent moving nor increase their resting time. Overall, our data suggest that the pair may experience social costs during times of intense infant care but that any putative energetic costs associated with infant care are not mitigated by adjusting physical activity. Future studies should investigate energy intake and expenditure, and consider how the variation observed in pairmate social relationships may affect reproductive success.Relationships between conspecifics are influenced by both ecological factors and the social organization they live in. Systematic variation of both--consistent with predictions derived from socioecology models--is well documented, but there is considerable variation within species and populations that is poorly understood. The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei) is unusual because, despite possessing morphology associated with male contest competition (e.g., extreme sexual dimorphism), they are regularly observed in both single-male and multimale groups. Both male-female and male-infant bonds are strong because males provide protection against infanticide and/or predation. Risk of these threats varies with social structure, which may influence the strength of social relationships among group members (including females and offspring, if females with lower infant mortality risk are less protective of infants). Here, we investigate the relationship between group structure and the strength of proximity relationshes are an important influence on relationships between dominant males and females/infants despite their peripheral social positions, and that relationships between males and infants must be considered an important foundation of gorilla social structure.Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) imitate less than typically developing (TD) children; however, the specific features and causes of this deficit are still unclear. The current study investigates the role of joint engagement, specifically children's visual attention to demonstrations, in an object-directed imitation task. This sample was recruited from an early ASD screening study, which allows for an examination of these behaviors prior to formal diagnosis and ASD-specific intervention. Children with ASD imitated less than TD children; children with other developmental delays showed no significant difference from the two other screen-positive groups. Additionally, only the ASD group showed decreased visual attention, suggesting that early visual attention plays a role in the social learning of children with ASD.
Early identification and referral have been shown to improve long-term outcomes for children with disabilities. However, the number of children enrolled in early intervention services continues to be lower than the number of children confirmed to be developmentally delayed later in life. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate.html This study investigated the pattern of developmental surveillance and referral practices of pediatricians in a traditionally medically underserved border community.

An online survey was created by members of a community/academic partnership. Emails were followed up with a personal contact to doctor's offices to increase the response rate.

Response rate for the survey was 26.7 %. Most respondents reported using a combination of formal screening tools and parent interviews to complete developmental screenings in their practice with the Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers being the most commonly used tool.

Although most respondents reported referring children for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Part C services, gaps were identified in available services and in the referral process that need to be addressed. Additionally, future studies need to evaluate the efficacy of a referral and feedback system to improve earlier access to intervention services for children with disabilities.
Although most respondents reported referring children for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Part C services, gaps were identified in available services and in the referral process that need to be addressed. Additionally, future studies need to evaluate the efficacy of a referral and feedback system to improve earlier access to intervention services for children with disabilities.
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with metastatic head and neck (H&N) cancer randomized to receive metronomic (methotrexate and celecoxib) or cisplatin chemotherapy.

Patients older than 18 years, with a Karnofsky Performance score of ≥70, and diagnosed with metastatic, locally advanced inoperable or recurrent head and neck (H&N) cancer not amenable to surgery or radiation were randomized (11) to receive metronomic or cisplatin chemotherapy. All patients were recruited from the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. In addition to demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, patients were asked to rate their HRQoL using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires (Indian versions) at baseline and at the end of each chemo cycle (every 3 weeks) till the end of study or early termination.

Of the 110 patients screened, 87 agreed to participate in the study. Mean age of the study population was 47.5 years (S.D. ±10.04) for the metronomic group and 47.2 years (S.D. ±9.89) for the cisplatin group. Overall quality of life was not significantly different between the two treatment groups from baseline to end of treatment. link2 However, there was a statistically significant improvement in Pain QLQ-C30 score from baseline to week 3 (OR = 3.14, p = 0.036) and week 6 (OR = 3.33, p = 0.034) in the metronomic arm compared with the cisplatin arm.

In addition to improvements in survival, understanding the impact of treatment options on changes in HRQoL is important as it can aid physicians in making treatment and rehabilitation decisions for patients with advanced inoperable H&N cancer.
In addition to improvements in survival, understanding the impact of treatment options on changes in HRQoL is important as it can aid physicians in making treatment and rehabilitation decisions for patients with advanced inoperable H&N cancer.
Taxane acute pain syndrome (TAPS) is characterized by myalgias and arthralgias starting 1-3 days and lasting 5-7 days after taxane-based chemotherapy. Despite negatively impacting patient's quality of life, little is known about the optimal TAPS management. A systematic review of treatment strategies for TAPS across all tumor sites was performed.

Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1946 to October 2014 for trials reporting the effectiveness of different treatments of TAPS in cancer patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy. Two individuals independently screened citations and full-text articles for eligibility. Outcome measures included type of treatment and response of myalgias, arthralgias, pain, and quality of life (QoL).

Of 1614 unique citations initially identified, five studies met the pre-specified eligibility criteria. Two were randomized placebo-controlled trials (225 patients), two were randomized open-label trials 76 patients),s optimal management. If the management of patients is to be improved, more prospective trials are needed.
Patients undergoing imatinib therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) show drug resistance during treatment in the late stages. The aims of this study were to determine survival after the appearance of imatinib secondary resistance (ISR) and to identify the prognostic factors.

Eligible were patients with unresectable and metastatic GISTs who were diagnosed with ISR and/or underwent treatment for ISR in our institution between 2001 and 2012. A total of 48 patients were enrolled and overall survival was retrospectively analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the independent prognostic factors. link3 Median follow-up time was 58 months.

As of the cutoff date, 41 of the 48 patients with ISR had died, of which 39 died of GISTs. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the 48 patients were 64.6, 32.8, and 20.4 %, respectively, and median survival time was 22 months. The favorable independent prognostic factors identified were long progression-free survival in first-line imatinib therapy (P = 0.04), small diameter of progressive disease (PD) (P = 0.02), and surgical resection of PD (P = 0.01).

Surgical resection of PD in selected cases could improve prognosis in ISR patients undergoing GIST treatment.
Surgical resection of PD in selected cases could improve prognosis in ISR patients undergoing GIST treatment.A cream-coloured rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain P1-1(T), was isolated from the gut microflora of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from the Taiwan Strait, China. P1-1(T) was was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive and motile by means of a single flagellum. Growth is observed at salinities of 0.5-7 % (w/v; optimum 3 %), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-9.0) and at 15-37 °C (optimum 28-32 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain P1-1(T) belongs to the genus Kiloniella, and is closely related to Kiloniella spongiae MEBiC09566(T) (99.0 % similarity), followed by Kiloniella laminariae LD81(T) (96.6 % similarity). The genomic ANIm value between strain P1-1(T) and K. spongiae MEBiC09566(T) was found to be 81.7 %. The DNA-DNA hybridization estimate between strains P1-1(T) and MEBiC09566(T) was 24.6 %. The principal fatty acids detected were identified as summed feature 8 (C181 ω6c/C181 ω7c, 74.2 %) and summed feature 3 (C161 ω6c/C161 ω7c, 9.7 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA, determined from the draft genome sequence, was found to be 46.1 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-9, while the major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and nine unidentified lipids. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that strain P1-1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Kiloniella, for which the name Kiloniella litopenaei sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain P1-1(T) (=MCCC 1A09869(T) = LMG 27755(T)).