09/16/2024


This study investigated whether bioaugmentation can improve the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of food waste (FW), as well as the effects of addition dosage and frequency on the bioaugmentation's performance and economic feasibility. The findings demonstrated that all the bioaugmented digesters, regardless of dosage and frequency, performed more effectively in biogas production than the non-bioaugmentation control. Furthermore, relatively higher dosages or frequencies increased AD performance. Introducing 0.25 g L-1 d-1 of bioaugmentation seed every three days increased OLR and volumetric biogas production 8-fold and 12-fold, respectively, compared to the non-bioaugmentation control. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that bioaugmentation enhanced the population of the acetoclastic Methanothrix (belong to the order Methanosarcinales). Moreover, high abundance of Methanothrix (exceeding 80%) contributed to a better AD performance. Economic analysis of an up-scale biogas plant suggested that an appropriate bioaugmentation process increased income, thus increasing the profit to 3696 CNY d-1 if treated at 21 t FW. Sewage can become a valuable source if its treatment is re-oriented for recovery. An anaerobic forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (AnOMBR) was developed for real municipal sewage treatment to investigate performance, biogas production, flux change and mixed liquor characteristics. The AnOMBR had a good treatment capacity with removal ratio of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus more than 96%, 88%, 89% and almost 100%. Although high DS concentration increased the initial flux, it caused rapid decline and poor recoverability of FO membrane flux. Low DS concentration led to too long hydraulic retention time, thus resulting in a low reactor efficiency. Additionally, it was observed that salt, protein, polysaccharide and humic acid were all accumulated in the reactor, which was not conducive to stable long-term operation. Based on the characteristics of membrane fouling, salt accumulation and AnOMBR performance, the optimal DS of 1 M NaCl solution was selected. The experiments on bio-oil recovery in a vertical tubular condenser with two flumes were conducted for speculating the componential distribution of walnut shell pyrolysis vapors during condensation. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html Bio-oil elements and functional groups from different locations of condenser were compared with each other. Aromatic H and H in phenolic OH were concentrated in the top and middle bio-oil and their percentage were improved with increasing water bath temperature. Ten representative compounds in bio-oil were chosen for quantitative analysis. As water bath temperature increased from 273 K to 353 K, the recovered water decreased by 85% whereas the guaiacol and its derivatives (guaiacols) merely decreased by 40%. Vapor distributions of water, acetic acid, furfural and guaiacols were simulated by the back analysis of bio-oil components. According to the simulated results, tubular condenser can be properly lengthened for promoting the recovery of specific components at high water bath temperatures. Two grades of recycled wood (Waste Wood A and Waste Wood B) were fractionated on a pilot scale (800 BD kg) to monomeric sugars, lignin and lignosulfonates using SO2-Ethanol-Water (AVAP®) technology, including pretreatment, separation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic streams, and saccharification. Carbohydrate mass balance was obtained through determination of poly-, oligo- and monosaccharides as well as sugar degradation products in process streams. High monosaccharide yields were obtained confirming laboratory scale findings. Fermentability of mixed cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugar stream was confirmed on bench scale (25 kg). In order to enable rapid disposal and proper preservation of discarded vegetable for waste valorization, ensiling was employed to preserve cauliflower leaves for 30 days at different temperatures (20 ~ 45 °C) with and without the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum L8. The L. plantarum inoculant reduced dry matter (DM) loss and enhanced the preservation of protein and soluble carbohydrate while decreasing pH and ammonia nitrogen content. The silages at 35 °C exhibited the best fermentation profile characterized by the highest lactic acid content (185 g·kg-1 DM) and the lowest pH (4.08) and ammonia nitrogen content (37.6 g·kg-1 total nitrogen) with L. plantarum inoculation. The presence of exogenous L. plantarum improved the silage fermentation, enriched Lactobacillus and Weissella, and reduced the microbial richness/diversity, resulting in efficient lactic acid fermentation, especially at 30 and 35 °C. Moreover, the microbial community dynamics was correlated with the chemical compositions and fermentation metabolites in silages. The inclusion of S0 hydrolysis in a kinetic model of autotrophic denitrification has been recently proposed; however the model has not been calibrated or validated yet. Thus, a new methodology was developed and applied to calibrate and validate this kinetic model for the first time. An inoculum adapted from a poultry wastewater treatment plant at stoichiometric S0/NO3- ratio was used. The model was calibrated with batch data (initial nitrate concentrations of 50 and 6.25 mg NO3--N/L) at an S0/N ratio = 2.29 mg S/mg N and validated with seven different batch data. The sensitivity analysis showed that the most sensitive parameters are related to S0 hydrolysis. The kinetic model was successfully calibrated with the new methodology and validated, with Theil inequality coefficient values lower than 0.21. Thus, the proposed model and methodology were proved to be well suited for the simulation of elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification in batch systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that regulators of macrophages polarization may play a key role in the development of allergic asthma (AA). However, the exact role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating in macrophages polarization in the pathogenesis of dermatophagoides farinae protein 1(Der f1)-induced AA is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of lncRNA AK085865 in regulating macrophages in AA. Here we report that lncRNA AK085865 served as a critical regulator of macrophages polarization and reduced the pathological progress of asthmatic airway inflammation. In response to the challenge of Der f1, AK085865-/- mice displayed attenuated allergic airway inflammation, including decreased eosinophil in BALF and reduced production of IgE, which were associated with decreased mucous glands and goblet cell hyperplasia. In addition, Der f1-treated AK085865-/- mice show fewer M2 macrophages when compared with WT asthmatic mice. link2 After adopting bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM, M0) from WT mice, Der f1-treated AK085865-/- mice also revealed a light inflammatory reactions. We further observed that the percentage of type II innate immune lymphoid cells (ILC2s) decreased in AK085865-/- asthmatic mice. Moreover, M2 macrophages helped promote the differentiation of ILC2s, probably through the exosomal pathway secreted by M2 macrophages. Taken together, these findings reveal that AK085865 depletion can ameliorate asthmatic airway inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization and M2 macrophages can promote the differentiation of innate lymphoid cells progenitor (ILCP) into ILC2s. BACKGROUND Medical therapy for flap survival has been extensively investigated. In this study, we explored the effect of citicoline (CDP-choline, CDPC), used for clinical treatment of cerebral trauma, on random skin flap survival in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty rats were divided into three groups low-dose (CDPC-L), high-dose (CDPC-H), and control. The CDPC-L and CDPC-H groups were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg CDPC every day, respectively; the control group was injected with an equivalent volume of normal saline. The survival region was assessed on the 7th day after the flap operation. The microvascular density and neutrophil density were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lead angiography was used to detect angiogenesis, and laser Doppler was used to detect blood perfusion. Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were used to determine the lipid peroxidation level. RESULTS The average survival region of the flap was significantly larger in the CDPC-H group than in CDPC-L and control groups, with less ischemic necrosis. VEGF expression, microvascular density, angiogenesis, blood perfusion, and superoxide dismutase in the flap were higher in the CDPC-H group than in the CDPC-L and control groups. In addition, levels of neutrophil density, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4, NF-κB, and malondialdehyde decreased significantly in the CDPC-H group. CONCLUSION High-dose CDPC injection after a random flap operation is beneficial for flap survival. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether inhibition of MUC1 would aggravate sepsis-induced ALI, and explore the predictive value of plasma MUC1 for sepsis patients with or without ARDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS MUC1 siRNA pre-treatment was used to knockdown MUC1 expression in vitro. GO203 was used to inhibit the homodimerization of MUC1-C in vivo. link3 Expression levels of MUC1, TLR 4 and HIF-1α were detected by Western blot. In addition, plasma MUC1 levels of enrolled patients were detected by ELISA on the day of admission and on the 3rd day. ROC curve was used to determine the predictive value of MUC1 in sepsis patients with ARDS. RESULTS Our results showed that inhibition of MUC1 could aggravate sepsis-induced acute lung injury and increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines in sera and BALF of sepsis mice. At the same time, we confirmed that inhibition of MUC1 could significantly decrease HIF-1α expression and thereby activate the expression level of TLR4. HIF-1α was a negative regulator of TLR-4. In addition, plasma MUC1 levels of sepsis patients with ARDS were significantly higher than those without ARDS and healthy adults. ROC curve showed that predictive value of plasma MUC1 on sepsis with ARDS on the 3rd day of enrollment was higher than the day of enrollment. CONCLUSION MUC1 could inhibit the expression of TLR-4 by stabilizing HIF-1α, thereby alleviate sepsis-induced lung injury and protect organ function. At the same time, elevated MUC1 levels in plasma had a good predictive valud on whether patients with sepsis would develop ARDS. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the dysregulated expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has important roles in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), but the function of the lncRNA SNHG15 remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that SNHG15 was downregulated in OA cartilage tissues and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. The lower expression of SNHG15 was negatively associated with the observed modified Mankin scale scores, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis. Downregulated expression of SNHG15 increased chondrocyte viability and decreased chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation in vitro and reduced damage to articular cartilage in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SNHG15 overexpression promotes the expression of BCL2L13 by sponging miR-141-3p. The higher expression of miR-141-3p was negatively correlated with SNHG15 and BCL2L13 levels in OA cartilage tissues, and a positive correlation was also shown between SNHG15 and BCL2L13 levels. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-141-3p or knockdown of BCL2L13 expression could both reduce the effects of SNHG15 on chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation.