Objectives Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in brain and metabolic health. The fact that higher concentrations are associated with improved cognitive performance has resulted in numerous intervention trials that aim at elevating BDNF levels. This systematic review provides an overview of the relation between various nutritional factors and BDNF concentrations in controlled human intervention studies. Methods A systematic search in May 2020 identified 48 articles that examined the effects of dietary patterns or foods (n = 3), diets based on energy intake (n = 7), vitamins and minerals (n = 7), polyphenols (n = 11), long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n = 5), probiotics (n = 8), and miscellaneous food supplements (n = 7). Results In particular, studies with dietary patterns or foods showed increased peripheral BDNF concentrations. There are also strong indications that polyphenols tend to have a positive effect on BDNF concentrations. Four of the 11 included studies with a polyphenol intervention showed a significant increase in BDNF concentrations, one study showed an increase but this was not statistically analyzed, and two studies showed a trend to an increase. Discussion The two polyphenol classes, phenolic acids, and other phenolic compounds were responsible for the significant effects. No clear effect was found for the other dietary factors, which might also be related to whether serum or plasma was used for BDNF analysis. More work is needed to understand the relation between peripheral and central BDNF concentrations.Volunteering rates in high-income countries are declining. Most research into understanding volunteering engagement has focused on conscious processes (e.g., motives), with little exploration of non-conscious antecedents of volunteering engagement. Adopting a new line of investigation, this research used temporal self-regulation theory to investigate the influence of both rational and automatic processes on volunteering engagement. Two related studies using different methodologies were conducted to investigate the influence of intention, planning, and habit strength on volunteering engagement. In both studies, intention and habit strength were significant predictors of volunteering engagement, with planning only significantly predicting volunteering engagement in Study 1. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rki-1447.html It was also found, in Study 2, that habit strength moderated the intention-behavior relationship. These findings highlight that both rational and automatic processes play a part in volunteering engagement and have implications for recruiting and retaining volunteers.Europe is considered one of the most attractive and safe prevalent tourist destinations in the entire world. Approximately half (47.4%) of European tourist visits occurred in coastal regions, defined "on the basis of and consist of local administrative units or municipalities that border the sea, or have at least half of their total surface area within a distance of 10 km from the sea." Destinations such as Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Spain and Croatia presented with an increased level of tourist accommodation establishments, as well as, the overall flow of tourism in the European Union is mostly concentrated on Mediterranean coastal regions (as nine out 10 tourists, in 2015, spent their holidays at coastal areas). This paper, is dealing with the assessment of a tourist area and how the concept of urban metabolism has been affected by touristic activities. Moreover, this research using several key performance indicators such as waste compositional analysis, the clean coast index, the accumulation rate, and accumulation index, etc., tries to measure the level of environmental performance, and furthermore, to assess the existing infrastructures and the waste management plan, that are being implemented. The results are very useful, for any policy-maker, as well as competent authorities and/or tourist organizations which are dealing with tourist activities and aim to propose or re-schedule any waste strategy targeting the goals of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, European Green Deal, and the new circular economy strategy.Purpose A burn injury to a child is a traumatic event and the parent's emotional reactions and coping strategies affect the child's adaptive outcome. It is therefore important that parents get the right support. The aim was to explore parents' lived experiences of their need for support when having a child admitted to a burn centre. Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 22 parents of children age less then 12 years hospitalised with an accidental burn injury, 9 to 27 days after the burn accident, from April 2017 to July 2018. A Ricoeur-inspired textual analysis method was used. Results Four themes emerged from the analysis and describe the parents' needs for support. The parents wanted to be taken care of as a whole family and feel safe in the hands of professionals. This, in turn, depended on being informed about the child's condition and treatment, but also on getting help in dealing with feelings of guilt. Not least, parents wanted opportunities to take care of their own fundamental needs in terms of hygiene, food, adequate rest and activities. Conclusion As an overall understanding the healthcare providers should focus on the family as a whole in care and treatment.Previous research has established that trauma exposure and subsequent posttraumatic stress symptoms confer risk for adolescent offending and involvement in the juvenile justice system. However, recent research and theory have called attention to the contributions of specific posttraumatic reactions, including posttraumatic dissociation (PD) and reckless or self-destructive behavior (RSDB), to offending behavior among adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated direct and indirect associations among trauma exposure, PD, RSDB, and offending in a sample of justice-involved adolescents. Participants were 301 adolescents (Mage = 16.03, SD = 1.24; 21% girls) recruited from a detention center in the Mountain West. The sample was racially and ethnic diverse, with 63% identifying as a racial or ethnic minority. Youth completed self-report measures of trauma exposure, PD, RSDB, and offending. As hypothesized, results of multiple mediation analysis demonstrated a significant indirect effect linking trauma exposure and offending through PD and RSDB. Results testing an alternative multiple mediation model were non-significant. These findings suggest that PD and RSDB may serve as key links accounting for the association between trauma exposure and offending behavior and reinforce the value of incorporating trauma-informed practices within juvenile justice systems.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a representative of vasculitides associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. "Classical" antibodies directed against proteinase 3 are involved in the pathogenesis and are part of the GPA diagnosis at the same time. Along with them, however, antibodies against Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein-2 (LAMP-2) and antibodies directed against plasminogen have been described in GPA.
We performed a cross-sectional study enrolling 34 patients diagnosed with GPA. Our study was aimed at looking for correlations between serum levels of LAMP-2 and plasminogen and the clinical manifestations of the GPA. Furthermore, we examined serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its associated indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), as well as we looked for a correlation between these cytokines and the clinical manifestations of GPA.

The results showed that in GPA, serum plasminogen levels were negatively associated with renal involvement (receiver opifestations of the disease. Our main results confirm the associations of increased secretory TNF-α and some clinical manifestations, and we describe for the first time decreased serum plasminogen levels and their association with renal involvement.
The authors assessed whether an intervention using motivational signs designed in a participatory manner to promote stair use resulted in changes to the proportion of stair to elevator use.
Students of a German university were observed in three different academic buildings.
The study design consisted of direct observations during a pre-intervention period, an intervention phase introducing motivational signs promoting stair use at points of decision and a post-intervention period.
The proportion of students who took the stairs on average differed significantly between baseline and intervention phase I (

(1) = 12.2;
 = .001; Phi = 0.078), baseline and intervention phase II (

(1) = 17.3;
 = .001; Phi = 0.093), and baseline and post-intervention (

(1) = 9.9;
 = .002; Phi = 0.074).
Simple and cost-effective interventions can increase stair use of university students.
The authors assessed whether an intervention using motivational signs designed in a participatory manner to promote stair use resulted in changes to the proportion of stair to elevator use. Participants Students of a German university were observed in three different academic buildings. Methods The study design consisted of direct observations during a pre-intervention period, an intervention phase introducing motivational signs promoting stair use at points of decision and a post-intervention period. Results The proportion of students who took the stairs on average differed significantly between baseline and intervention phase I (χ2(1) = 12.2; p = .001; Phi = 0.078), baseline and intervention phase II (χ2(1) = 17.3; p = .001; Phi = 0.093), and baseline and post-intervention (χ2(1) = 9.9; p = .002; Phi = 0.074). Conclusions Simple and cost-effective interventions can increase stair use of university students.This study was concerned with associations between narcissism, childhood trauma, dissociation, attachment styles, and depression among young adults. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Relationship Styles Questionnaire, Beck Depression Scale, and the Five-Factor Narcissism Questionnaire were administered to 422 college students. Multivariate analyses revealed that childhood sexual abuse, physical neglect, both fearful and secure attachment styles, dissociation, and male gender predicted grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissism was predicted by preoccupied attachment, depression, and female gender. Dissociative taxon members (n = 133, 31.5%) had elevated scores on all childhood trauma types, fearful attachment, and both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. While there was a link between bodily childhood maltreatment, dissociation, and grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism was related to loss of perceived security in relationships and depression. Representing ambivalence and an indirect link between childhood trauma and vulnerable narcissism, depression was associated with both emotional neglect and overprotection-overcontrol, and fearful and preoccupied attachment. Depression and grandiose narcissism as co-predictors of pathological dissociation fitted the concept of "dissociative depression", which constituted an interface between two aspects of narcissism. Narcissism may be a trans-generational carrier of trauma as a fertile ground for dissociation. The escalation of dissociation among young adults in Turkey to an almost normative level may also be a consequence of the drastic transformations in the country throughout the period of globalism nurturing post-modern individualism in a conservative society. The trans-diagnostic overlap between two psychopathologies suggested that potential interference of concurrent dissociation needs to be considered in psychotherapy of narcissism and vice versa.