Most MaFLAs were downregulated by LT stress. However, MaFLA14/18/29 were upregulated by LT in both cultivars with higher expression level recorded in the CT cultivar. Interestingly, MaFLA27 was significantly upregulated in the CT cultivar, but the opposite occurred for the CS cultivar. MaFLA27 possessed only N-terminal signal, MaFLA18 contained only GPI anchor, MaFLA29 possessed both, while MaFLA14 had neither. Thus, it was suggested that the accumulation of these FLAs in banana under LT could improve banana chilling tolerance through facilitating cold signal pathway and thereafter enhancing biosynthesis of plant cell wall components. The results provide background information of MaFLAs, suggest their involvement in plant chilling tolerance and their potential as candidate genes to be targeted when breeding CT banana.A comprehensive study on various pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) under different rice-based cropping systems is necessary for predicting their effect on soil quality through carbon build-up in soil and their impact on global climate change. The present investigation was undertaken to study the long-term effect of six different rice-based cropping systems (continuously followed by farmers > 10 years) on various SOC pools viz., total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable organic carbon (Coc) and its different fractions [Cfrac1 (very labile), Cfrac2 (labile), Cfrac3 (less labile) and Cfrac4 (non-labile)], soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and lability index (LI) and SOC stock at the farmer's field of Kakching district under hilly ecosystems of Manipur, India. In every cropping system, all the fractions of Coc were significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. Among all the fractions, Cfrac4 (non-labile) constituted the largest percentage of TOC for both surface (0-20 cm) and sub-surface (20-40 cm) soil va may influence the quality and productivity of soil. Long-term cultivation of rice-French bean with high passive C along with good active C and LI is proved to be a good cropping system for sustaining soil and environment by enhancing quality and C reserve of degraded soils of hilly agroecosystem.One of the most common chronic diseases that causes missed school days and workdays is pediatric asthma, producing education, health and economic delays in low and middle-income countries. A patient-centered remarkable therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is the Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) which denotes an outstanding difference in the outcomes, from the awareness, to the personal treatment adaption to prevent crises. In this paper, an intervention of TPE with learning objects (LOs) of a pediatric asthma course, designed to train the uncontrolled patient and the caregiver as a team on the specific knowledge to self-control the disease, was carried out at a health facility in Mexico. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AT7519.html The Asthma Control Test (ACT) was used and the learning performance was evaluated with formative quizzes. A randomized controlled trial was designed, with pairs of children patients and caregivers during 60 days; the control group was trained with the usual approach, receiving general information about the disease. ACT measures showed statistical significance for the TPE group after the use of the LOs, achieving a controlled state, while the control group did not show difference. Also, the intervention group obtained a higher score in learning performance assessment. The users learned how to avoid risks, the personal triggers of the patient, how to correctly use the different treatments and accessories, consequently, they learned how to self-manage the disease. Our study also confirmed that control of asthma is not only a matter of knowledge, but financial issues to afford the treatment.The use of optical microscope remains the most commonly used technique for microplastic identification and quantification despite major limitations with misidentifications and biases. We evaluated the use of the 1% Rose Bengal stain in improving the identification of microplastics after a standard microplastic isolation process. The stain discriminated organic materials from potential microplastics with significant differences between numbers observed before (6.65 ± 5.73) and after staining (2.91 ± 3.43). Numbers of potential microplastics observed under the conventional method (without staining) in sediment, feacal matter of shorebirds and the lagoon water were respectively 3.55 g-1, 0.8 g-1 and 0.13 ml-1 but reduced to 1.85 g-1 of sediment, 0.35 g-1 of feacal material and 0.09 ml-1 of water after staining. Colour composition of potential microplastics under the conventional method was brown (31.0%), black (26.5%), white (20.2%), translucent (16.7%) and red (5.6%). After staining, brown (49,2%), black (30.5%) white (2.3%) and translucent (18.0%) were retained but distinction could not be made between stained organic items and red-coloured microplastics. It was clear that the stain has the potential in improving microplastic identification but requires further investigations.AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation plays an important role in the development of diabetes, a major global health problem. Periodontal disease is also common in the general population. Because periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene can provoke transient bacteraemia and systemic inflammation, we hypothesised that periodontal disease and oral hygiene indicators would be associated with the occurrence of new-onset diabetes. METHODS In this study we analysed data collected between 2003 and 2006 on 188,013 subjects from the National Health Insurance System-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) in Korea who had no missing data for demographics, past medical history, oral hygiene indicators or laboratory findings. The presence of periodontal disease was defined on the basis of a modified version of ICD-10 codes (Korean Classification of Disease, sixth edition), if claims for treatment for acute periodontitis (K052), chronic periodontitis (K053) and periodontosis (K054) were made more than two times by a dentist, or if, a risk factors, history of malignancy and laboratory findings, the presence of periodontal disease (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07, 1.12, p  less then  0.001) and number of missing teeth (≥15 teeth) remained positively associated with occurrence of new-onset diabetes (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09, 1.33, p  less then  0.001, p for trend less then 0.001). Frequent tooth brushing (≥3 times/day) was negatively associated with occurrence of new-onset diabetes (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89, 0.95, p  less then  0.001, p for trend less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Frequent tooth brushing may be an attenuating factor and the presence of periodontal disease and an increased number of missing teeth may be augmenting factors for the occurrence of new-onset diabetes. Improving oral hygiene may be associated with a decreased risk of occurrence of new-onset diabetes.