Results provided support for academic self-efficacy serving as a mediator of associations between private regard and centrality and educational adjustment. The results were consistent across gender.

The findings suggest that fostering ERI is promotive of Latinx adolescents' academic self-efficacy. Further, through academic self-efficacy, private regard and centrality support educational adjustment. ERI and academic self-efficacy may be potential targets for programming aimed to address educational disparities among Latinx adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The findings suggest that fostering ERI is promotive of Latinx adolescents' academic self-efficacy. Further, through academic self-efficacy, private regard and centrality support educational adjustment. ERI and academic self-efficacy may be potential targets for programming aimed to address educational disparities among Latinx adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Peer respites are recovery-oriented services where people who identify as having lived experience of extreme mental health states (peers) support individuals experiencing, or at risk of, crises in a homelike environment. This brief report describes data from the Peer Respite Essential Features survey, conducted biannually from 2014 to 2020, which explores the peer respite model and program challenges.

Peer respites nationwide were invited to participate if they met specific guidelines, resulting in 32 programs across 14 states in 2020.

Results focus on the data collected in 2020 and compare past reports where applicable. Characteristics including funding, guest accommodations and policies, and how the programs were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.

More research is needed to understand the relationship between program characteristics and effectiveness of peer respites compared to other crisis diversion services and how to better support these growing programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
More research is needed to understand the relationship between program characteristics and effectiveness of peer respites compared to other crisis diversion services and how to better support these growing programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The aim of this article was to introduce the Asymmetric Fixed Effects (AFE) model to psychotherapy mechanisms of change researchers as a novel way of studying the effects of improvements and deteriorations in the candidate mechanism(s) separately. Alliance-outcome research was used to illustrate the possibility of estimating separate effects of improvements and deteriorations in the alliance.

Two archival data sets were used. One was from community-based primary care services in Sweden using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) and the Working Alliance Inventory-Short form (WAI-S, therapist form) each session with 1,096 patients. The other data set was from a university counseling center in China using the Session Rating Scale (SRS) and the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) each session with 292 patients. Data were analyzed using the AFE model.

The findings indicated that with raw scores, improvements in alliance from one session to the next were followed by lower symptoms/distent mechanism of change studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Self-efficacy is a commonly examined cognitive determinant of behavior change in weight-loss trials, but there has been little uniformity in its measurement. To address this, a recently developed survey captures self-efficacy as it relates to three behavioral domains of interest to weight-loss interventionists physical activity (PA), healthful eating, and weight loss. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Brief Weight-Loss-Related Behavior Self-Efficacy Scales in a large sample (n = 599) of adults with prediabetes. Participants completed the self-efficacy survey, as well as measures of PA, dietary intake, weight, and height. The factor structure was scrutinized using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which supported a factor structure with three correlated first-order latent self-efficacy factors, specific to PA, healthful eating, and weight loss. This model is statistically equivalent to a hierarchical model including a second-order factor for overall behavioral weight-management self-efficacy. Measurement equivalence/invariance between relevant demographic groups was also supported by tests for equivalence of covariance matrices. Bivariate correlations between self-efficacy factors and measures of PA, dietary intake, and weight support the concurrent validity of score interpretations. Overall, these psychometric analyses support the validity of these scales' scores as independently reflective of self-efficacy for PA, healthful eating, and weight loss. This instrument is useful in clinical research to identify the cognitive drivers of weight loss and weight loss-inducing behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This article describes the initial validation of the Diagnostic Assessment Research Tool (DART), a modular semistructured interview to facilitate diagnosis of various disorders among adults corresponding with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). In this study, the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of DART modules for anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance-related and addictive disorders was assessed among a sample of 610 participants in a clinical outpatient setting. The data indicated excellent construct validity among DART modules assessed. Individuals with and without DSM-5 diagnoses identified via the DART had significant between-group differences on self-report measures corresponding to these diagnoses. Follow-up logistic regressions supported convergent validity for all diagnostic categories assessed. Discriminant validity was established for the majority of diagnostic categories assessed. High rates of interrater agreement in a small subsample (n = 15) were observed for the various diagnostic categories of the DART (88% average agreement). The results of the present study provide initial support for the DART as a useful tool to aid in the assessment of several major diagnostic categories corresponding with DSM-5 disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Across four experiments we examined the effects of goal-setting, feedback, and incentivizing manipulations on sustained attention. In addition to measuring task performance, we measured subjective attentional states and momentary feelings of motivation and alertness. Experiment 1 compared two specific goal conditions-one difficult and one easy-with a standard set of instructions. The specific goal conditions both reduced RTs and attenuated the vigilance decrement but did not impact task engagement (motivation or task-unrelated thoughts). Experiment 2 manipulated both goal-setting and feedback across conditions. The combination of a specific goal and feedback had strong effects on both task performance and task engagement. Additionally, feedback increased task engagement (higher motivation and fewer task-unrelated thoughts) regardless of whether or not it was paired with a specific goal. Experiment 3 examined the effect of pairing goals with a reward. Participants in one reward condition (time-based incentive) reported higher motivation but did not show better task performance. Offering a cash incentive to meet a goal did not have an effect on any dependent variables. Finally, in an effort to examine whether more moderately-difficult goals might lead to optimal performance, Experiment 4 examined a broader range of goals. However, we did not see an effect of a moderately-difficult goal on any of the dependent variables. Although some of the experimental manipulations were effective in mitigating the vigilance decrement, none eliminated it. We discuss the theoretical implications of the results with regard to goal-setting theory and theories of vigilance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The mixed-category advantage in visual working memory refers to improved memory for an image in a display containing two different categories relative to a display containing only one category (Cohen et al., 2014). Jiang, Remington, et al. (2016) found that this advantage characterizes mainly faces and suggested that face-only displays suffer from enhanced interference due to the unique configural nature of faces. Faces, however, possess social and emotional significance that may bias attention toward them in mixed-category displays at the expense of their counterpart category. Consequently, the counterpart category may suffer from little/no advantage or even an inversed effect. Using a change-detection task, we showed that a category that demonstrated a mixed-category disadvantage when paired with faces demonstrated a mixed-category advantage when paired with other nonfacial categories. Furthermore, manipulating the likelihood of testing a specific category (i.e., changing its task relevance) in mixed-category trials altered its advantaged/disadvantaged status, suggesting that the effect may be mediated by attention. Finally, to control for perceptual exposure factors, a sequential presentation experimental version was conducted. Whereas faces showed a typical mixed-category advantage, this pattern was again modulated (yielding an advantage for a nonfacial category) when inserting a task-relevance manipulation. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html Taken together, our findings support a central resource allocation account, according to which the asymmetric mixed-category effect likely stems from an attentional bias to one of the two categories. This attentional bias is not necessarily spatial in its nature, and it presumably affects processing stages subsequent to the initial perceptual encoding phase in working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).According to a popular model of speech production, stress is underspecified in the lexicon, that is, it is specified only for words with stress patterns other than the default, termed the "default metrics" assumption. Alternatively, stress may be fully specified in the lexicon as part of every lexical representation. In the current study the two accounts are tested in the perceptual domain using behavioral and eye-tracking data in Greek. In a first experiment, cross-modal fragment priming was used in a lexical-decision task. According to default metrics, priming should occur for targets with antepenultimate- or final-syllable stress but not for targets with the default penultimate-syllable stress. The same word pairs were used in two subsequent visual world experiments. Default metrics predict an asymmetric pattern of results, namely that incoming spoken words with the default stress pattern should inhibit the activation of lexical representations with nondefault stress, whereas the converse should not be observed; that is, spoken words with nondefault stress should not inhibit representations of words with the default stress.