OBJECTIVES Macroscopic entheseal forms show two main features predominant signs of bony formation or resorption. To understand the development of these forms, we investigated microarchitectural differences between the macroscopic proliferative and resorptive forms of the gluteus maximus enthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macromorphological analysis of entheseal changes (EC) was based on the Villotte, visual scoring system for fibrous entheses. Gluteal tuberosity specimens of different stages of Villote's system were harvested from 16 adult males derived from an archaeological context and scanned using microcomputed tomography. RESULTS The microarchitectural analyzes of cortical bone demonstrated a trend of higher porosity in the resorptive compared to the proliferative phase in Stage B, whereas a 30% porosity reduction was detected in the resorptive compared to proliferative phase of Stage C. In terms of the trabecular bone between the resorptive and proliferative entheseal phases, there was a trend of increased connectivity density, whereas the structural model index decreased in B and increased in C. The assessment of the entire specimen showed an increase in porosity from the proliferative to the resorptive phase in the Stage B, in contrast to a decrease in the Stage C. DISCUSSION The results suggest that from an initial flat entheses, two directions of EC development are possible (a) a bony prominence may form and, subsequently, it is subjected to trabecularization of the cortical bone inside the prominence, such cortical trabecularization can lead to visible porosity on the cortical external surface; (b) the cortical bone defect may develop with the regular underlying cortical bone. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Familial breast cancer risk studies usually overlook the dynamic nature of family history. METHODS The authors assessed the effect of incorporating the timing of cancer diagnosis events into the assessment of familial risks of breast cancer in first-degree and second-degree relatives in a nationwide cohort study of 5,099,172 women (follow-up was between 1958-2015). Family history was assessed using 3 approaches 1) as a static variable (ever having a relative with breast cancer); 2) as accumulative history; and 3) as a dynamic variable (time-dependent variable). RESULTS For women aged less then 50 years, familial risk was mostly higher when family history was assessed as a dynamic variable compared with using a static or accumulative family history. For example, the cumulative risk of receiving a breast cancer diagnosis until age 50 years for women with a history of breast cancer in 1 first-degree relative was 2.6% (95% CI, 2.5%-2.7%) using the static method, 2.4% (95% CI, 2.3%-2.4%) using the accuican Cancer Society.Two geographically non-overlapping species are currently described within the sparid genus Spondyliosoma Spondyliosoma cantharus (Black Seabream) occurring across Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic waters from NW Europe to Angola; and S. emarginatum (Steentjie) considered endemic to southern Africa. To address prominent knowledge gaps this study investigated range-wide phylogeographic structure across both species. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed deep phylogeographic structuring with 4 regionally partitioned reciprocally monophyletic clades; a Mediterranean clade and three more closely related Atlantic clades (NE Atlantic, Angolan, and South Africa (corresponding to S. emarginatum)). Divergence and distribution of the lineages reflects survival in, and expansion from, disjunct glacial refuge areas. Cytonuclear differentiation of S. emarginatum supports its validity as a distinct species endemic to South African waters. However, the results also indicate that S. cantharus may be a cryptic species complex wherein the various regional lineages represent established/incipient species. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-04620110.html A robust multi-locus genetic assessment combining morphological data and detailing interactions among lineages is needed to determine the full diversity within Spondyliosoma and the most adequate biological and taxonomic status. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring bioactive phenolic compound largely found in pomegranate, exhibits significant health benefits due to its antioxidant, antimutagenic, and even anticancerogenic properties. The present work aimed to microencapsulate EA extracted from pomegranate peels. To improve the stability of EA, microencapsulation was applied with Spirulina as a coating material. For this purpose, ethanolic extracts obtained from pomegranate peels were used for microencapsulation. Response surface methodology combined with a three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to obtain optimum microencapsulation. The microparticles obtained under the optimized encapsulation conditions were further characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The results confirmed the encapsulation of EA in Spirulina cells. Then, the optimum microparticles were used in an in vitro release study. The results of the in vitro digestion with simulated gastrointestinal fluids could help to determine the content and biololation process. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.BACKGROUND After breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, work incapacity often occurs among working-age women. We investigated the trajectories of previous and subsequent sickness absence and/or disability pension (SA/DP) days, and risk factors for consistently high levels of future SA/DP among these women. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study included all 3536 women in Sweden aged 19-64 years who received a first BC diagnosis in 2010. Their annual SA/DP net days from 2 years before to 3 years after diagnosis were calculated. SA/DP patterns were depicted by a group-based trajectory model. Logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs of >90 or >180 SA/DP days/year. RESULTS Three trajectories of SA/DP days/year were identified increasing only in year+1 (61% of all), increasing then decreasing in year+3 (30%), and constantly very high (9%). The risk factors associated with annual SA/DP days >90 (long) and >180 days (extreme long) were similar. Factors associated with having >90 SA/DP days for years 1-3 were stage II (OR, 4.