To evaluate and compare the macronutrient distribution of the food baskets delivered by Peruvian municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the geographic domain and assigned budget level.

Secondary analysis of the database "Consultation of Acquisition and distribution of basic necessities of the basic family basket" of the General Comptroller of the Republic. Stratified probability sampling was carried out. The caloric intake distribution was calculated according to macronutrients and compared with the Acceptable Intervals of Macronutrient Distribution (IADM) of the Nutrition Institute of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI).

At the national level, the median caloric intake of proteins was 7.7%; for carbohydrates it was 62.5%; and for fats it was 28.1%. The proportion of municipalities with protein deficit was 84%; Municipalities with excess carbohydrates ranged from 16.5% (according to INCAP) to 35.9% (according to INDECI), and with excess fat, it was between 61.6% (according to INCAP) and 20.2% (according to INDECI). According to INDECI, nationally only 9.2% of municipalities delivered baskets with an adequate distribution of macronutrients; Metropolitan Lima stands out with the highest proportions of adequate baskets, while in the Jungle region this percentage was less than 5%.

Most of the baskets delivered did not have adequate macronutrient distribution. Especially the baskets of municipalities outside of Metropolitan Lima or those that had smaller budget. Carbohydrates and fats were the nutrients that were included in excess, while proteins were deficient.
Most of the baskets delivered did not have adequate macronutrient distribution. Especially the baskets of municipalities outside of Metropolitan Lima or those that had smaller budget. Carbohydrates and fats were the nutrients that were included in excess, while proteins were deficient.
To determine if there is an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and some sleep characteristics duration, sleep difficulties and quality, in a population aged between 30 and 69 years in Tumbes.

Cross-sectional study. The outcomes were sleep difficulty (sometimes/ almost never vs. frequently), sleep duration (normal, short, and long), and sleep quality (good and bad). The exposure of interest was the presence of T2DM assessed using the glucose tolerance test (without T2DM, with T2DM but without previous diagnosis, and with T2DM and with previous diagnosis). Poisson regression models were used to report prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

A total of 1604 subjects were analyzed and the mean age was 48.2 years; 50.3% were women, 71 (4.4%) had T2DM without a previous diagnosis, and 105 (6.5%) had T2DM with a previous diagnosis. Regarding sleep characteristics, 12.0% had short sleep, 8.2% had long sleep, 3.7% had sleep difficulties, and 19.5% presented poor sleep quality. In a multivariable model, T2DM with previous diagnosis was associated with sleep difficulty (PR= 2.20; 95%CI 1.13 - 4.27) and bad sleep quality (PR= 1.40; 95%CI 1.05 - 1.92) compared to those without T2DM.

Individuals with previous diagnosis of T2DM had greater probability of presenting sleep difficulties and poor sleep quality. These results suggest the need to evaluate periodically the sleep characteristics of patients with T2DM.
Individuals with previous diagnosis of T2DM had greater probability of presenting sleep difficulties and poor sleep quality. These results suggest the need to evaluate periodically the sleep characteristics of patients with T2DM.
To design and analyze the evidence of content validity, internal structure, and reliability of a questionnaire of preventive practices for hantavirus in an endemic community in the Panamanian context.

Quantitative study of instrumental design. This research was conducted in four phases Literature review, content validity through expert judgment with the individual aggregate method and the calculation of the V Aiken, pilot test and psychometric validation, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis of instrument scores with ordinal alpha.

Content validity was evidenced and V Aiken values higher than 0.70 were reported in the lower limit of 95% CI. In the internal structure we identified that the 8 items underlie a single factor that explains 60.70% of the total variance of the test and with factor loadings greater than 0.40; during the reliability analysis, we obtained an ordinal alpha value of 0.84, which is considered good.

The Hantavirus preventive practical questionnaire is a brief instrument that shows acceptable psychometric properties to measure the activities or behaviors that people carry out to prevent hantavirus.
The Hantavirus preventive practical questionnaire is a brief instrument that shows acceptable psychometric properties to measure the activities or behaviors that people carry out to prevent hantavirus.
To estimate the impact of a school-based nutritional and healthy lifestyle intervention to increase the proportions of adolescents free of components of the metabolic syndrome.

We conducted a pre-experimental study in a representative sample of adolescents from two schools in a high Andean district of Peru (Cajamarca city); 388 students completed the intervention and the baseline and post-intervention measurement. The intervention had nine thematic modules; each module was developed in an educational session of 45 minutes every two weeks. We used the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel and Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome. We used paired proportions comparison (McNemar test) to determine the impact of the intervention.

At baseline, 20.4% (95% CI 16.2 to 24.5) students had no metabolic syndrome components, post-intervention this proportion increased to 32,5% (95% CI 27.7 to 37.3), the difference in proportions was 12.1% (95% CI 7.5 to 16.8; p<0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 4.6% (95% CI 2.4 to 6.9) at baseline, while post-intervention was 2.3% (95%CI 0.7 to 3.9). During the analysis of components, the greatest reduction was observed in the proportion of hypertriglyceridemia (difference in proportions 21.9%, 95%CI 16.9 to 26.9, p <0.001); we also found a significant reduction in arterial hypertension (difference in proportions 3.1%, 95% CI 0.6 to 5.6, p=0.025). In the other components, there were no significant differences.

The school-based intervention increased in 59.3% the proportion of students free of any component of the metabolic syndrome.
The school-based intervention increased in 59.3% the proportion of students free of any component of the metabolic syndrome.
To understand the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals on the application of the guideline for the management and treatment of anemia in children under 3 years old, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in metropolitan Lima, 2020.

Phenomenological design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals physicians, nurses and nutritionists working at the first level of care in the Ministry of Health in Lima, Peru. The interviews were conducted virtually with the participants, all of whom worked face-to-face in services providing care to children under 3 years old. Data analysis was thematic and NVivo software was used for coding.

A total of 33 interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. Four themes emerged about the guideline its feasibility, perceived imperfections, challenges in implementing it, and prospects for improvement. The health professionals interviewed perceived the guideline to be feasible to implement, but there were gaps in the indications that should have been more explicit. Nevertheless, they expressed their challenges and expectations for improvement.

Healthcare professionals perceived that it was feasible to use the guideline and emphasized their experiences overcoming perceived difficulties and weaknesses in the guidelines for anemia management and treatment.
Healthcare professionals perceived that it was feasible to use the guideline and emphasized their experiences overcoming perceived difficulties and weaknesses in the guidelines for anemia management and treatment.
To evaluate in silico and at the serological level the antigenic potential of the recombinant extracellular domain of the lipopolysaccharide assembly protein - D (LptD) of Bartonella bacilliformis (dexr_LptD).

Through in silico analysis, we selected a B. bacilliformis protein with antigenic and immunogenic potential. The selected protein gene was cloned into Escherichia coli TOP10 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant protein was expressed using isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and induction conditions were optimized. Finally, it was purified with Ni-IDA resin (His60 Ni Superflow) and a Western Blot assay was conducted.

In silico, the selected protein was LptD because it is located in the outer membrane and is antigenic and immunogenic. Optimized conditions for dexr_LptD induction were 0.5 mM IPTG, 16 hours, TB (Terrific Broth) medium, 3% (v/v) ethanol, 28 ºC, OD600 1-1.5 and 200 rpm. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tubastatin-a.html Purification was carried out under denaturating conditions on a small scale and we obtained 2.6 μg/mL of partially purified dexr_LptD. The Western Blot assay showed a positive reaction between the sera from patients with Carrión's Disease and dexr_LptD, which shows the antigenicity of dexr_LptD.

The dexr_LptD shows antigenicity both in silico and at the serological level, these results are the basis for further studies on vaccine candidates against Carrion's Disease.
The dexr_LptD shows antigenicity both in silico and at the serological level, these results are the basis for further studies on vaccine candidates against Carrion's Disease.During acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is persistent deregulation of the immune system that can last up to 8 months after the acute condition is controlled. This, added to other factors, is possibly associated with an increased risk of the appearance and concurrence of autoimmune diseases. The simultaneous occurrence of GBS and ITP has been rarely reported in the literature, and GBS is rarely associated with another autoimmune disease. We present the case of a man who, one month after his recovery from acute moderate COVID-19, presented concurrent GBS and ITP with an adequate response to treatment.In Peru, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the usefulness of having a structured laboratory surveillance system that has been operational for 22 years, based on influenza surveillance; initially in the form of sentinel units, and later strengthened and innovated, with its own resources and with external support, to provide quality information. Biotechnological advances have been implemented for diagnostic confirmation and the capacity of the national laboratory network has been expanded, maintaining efficiency, considering the diverse and complex realities of each region, and overcoming difficulties regarding communication and articulation between institutions. It is necessary to consolidate this system, with collaborative and coordinated work between its components, boosting its effectiveness and timeliness and promoting genomic surveillance of new viruses and variants, as is currently the case with SARS-CoV-2.