Soil bacteria degraded the films better than bacteria isolated from the compost. This study showed also that consortia of bacteria added to soil and compost had a positive effect on the biodegradation of the tested materials and increased the biodegradation of these materials in the studied environments.Modified potato starch with slower digestion may aid the development of new starch derivatives with improved nutritional values, and strategies to increase nutritional fractions such as resistant starch (RS) are desired. In this study, a correspondence between starch structure and enzymatic resistance was provided based on the efficient branching enzyme AqGBE, and modified starches with different amylose content (Control, 100%; PS1, 90%; PS2, 72%; PS3, 32%; PS4, 18%) were prepared. Through SEM observation, NMR and X-ray diffraction analyses, we identified that an increased proportion of α-1,6-linked branches in potato starch changes its state of granule into large pieces with crystallinity. Molecular weight and chain-length distribution analysis showed a decrease of molecular weight (from 1.1 × 106 to 1.1 × 105 g/mol) without an obvious change of chain-length distribution in PS1, while PS2-4 exhibited an increased proportion of DP 6-12 with a stable molecular weight distribution, indicating a distinct model of structural modification by AqGBE. The enhancement of peak viscosity was related to increased hydrophobic interactions and pieces state of PS1, while the contents of SDS and RS in PS1 increased by 37.7 and 49.4%, respectively. Our result provides an alternative way to increase the RS content of potato starch by branching modification.In this study, carboxymethyl cassava starch (CMCS)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (CMCS@Fe3O4) were synthesized via a simple one-pot co-precipitation method using CMCS materials with varying degrees of substitution, and used for the adsorption/removal of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox; a clinically available anti-cancer drug) from aqueous solution. The adsorption of Dox was studied using experimental conditions with varied pH, temperature, initial Dox concentration, and CMCS@Fe3O4 dosage. The CMCS@Fe3O4 adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Each CMCS@Fe3O4 adsorbent exhibited a cubic inverse spinel iron oxide phase, small particle size, favorable magnetic properties, and good thermal stability. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the Dox adsorption efficiency reached 85.46% at a CMCS@Fe3O4 concentration of 20 mg mL-1 at 303 K in pH 7.0. The adsorption experimental results indicated that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir equation. Considering the environmentally nontoxic nature of Fe3O4 and starch, the CMCS@Fe3O4 material demonstrated significant potential for removing Dox from aqueous solution and in magnetic targeted drug delivery systems for synergistic tumor treatments.Water chestnut (Trapa bispniosa), rice and corn starch were modified with sodium alginate and subjected to dry heating for 0,2 and 4 h for at 130 °C. The physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties of native as well as modified starches were determined. Thermal and morphological properties were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the dry heating of starches with and without sodium alginate significantly reduce the swelling power, solubility, paste clarity whereas, water absorption and syneresis increased. The swelling power was higher for corn starch as compared to other starches while rice starch has higher syneresis. In the presence of sodium alginate the water absorption was increased in all starch samples upon heating. The onset temperature was found to be increased after dry heating of all starches. The maximum increased was noticed for rice starch. Morphological studies showed the damaging of granule surface with the accumulation of leached amylose and gum but total degradation was not observed. Peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback of RS- sodium alginate mixture were reduced on dry heating. Although pasting temperature of rice starch was not significantly changed.Biofilm composition from fish myofibrillar protein (FMP) and chitosan solution (CS) incorporated with rosemary extract (RE) was developed and applied to monitor the freshness of fish fillets. The effects of different concentrations of RE as well as physical, mechanical, structural and functional properties of FMP/CS films were investigated. Films containing RE showed reduced water solubility and water vapor permeability and enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break. Results also showed good compatibility of the components and good dispersion of RE in the matrix. However, the content of RE (0.2%, v/v) added in the composite films produced aggregations and had negative effects on their film-forming properties. The antioxidant capacity of composite films was related to the level of RE and demonstrated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. Chilled grass carp fillets wrapped with different films to evaluate the preservative effect. Results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH value, Free amino acid and total volatile basic nitrogen indicated that FMP/CS/RE composite film could protect the fish fillet well and inhibit the lipid oxidation. The developed FMP/CS/RE composite films possess the potential to be applied as edible films in the food packaging industry and food cold chain transportation.Injectable hydrogel with multifunctional tunable properties comprising biocompatibility, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and/or anti-infection are highly preferred to efficiently promote diabetic wound repair and its development remains a challenge. In this study, we report hyaluronic acid and Pullulan-based injectable hydrogel loaded with curcumin that could potentiate reepithelization, increase angiogenesis, and collagen deposition at wound microenvironment to endorse healing cascade compared to other treatment groups. The physical interaction and self-assembly of hyaluronic acid-Pullulan-grafted-pluronic F127 injectable hydrogel were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and cytocompatibility was confirmed by fibroblast viability assay. The CUR-laden hyaluronic acid-Pullulan-g-F127 injectable hydrogel promptly undergoes a sol-gel transition and has proved to potentiate wound healing in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model by promoting 93% of wound closure compared to other groups having 35%, 38%, and 62%. The comparative in vivo study and histological examination was conducted which demonstrated an expeditious recovery rate by significantly reducing the wound healing days i.e. 35 days in a control group, 33 days in the CUR suspension group, 21 days in unloaded injectable, and 13 days was observed in CUR loaded hydrogel group. Furthermore, we suggest that the injectable hydrogel laden with CUR showed a prompt wound healing potential by increasing the cell proliferation and serves as a drug delivery platform for sustained and targeted delivery of hydrophobic moieties.Chemical liver injury threatens seriously human health, along with the shortage of efficiency and low-toxicity drugs. Herein, the novel oral nanocomplexes composed of deoxycholic acid-grafted chitosan and oleanolic acid were constructed to reverse the CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. Results indicated core-shell nanocomplexes, maintained by the hydrophobic interaction between deoxycholic acid and oleanolic acid, could be dissociated in the intestine. Notably, the nanocomplexes possessed superior hepatoprotective effect in vivo, possibly due to the synergistic effect between grafted chitosan and oleanolic acid. Mechanism investigations suggested that nanocomplexes reversed CCl4-induced liver injury through improving hepatic antioxidant capacity via NrF2/Keap1 pathway and regulating inflammation response via NF-κB signaling pathway. The novel oral nanocomplexes represent an effective strategy for chemical liver injury therapy.Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the major threats to mankind, requires micronutrients like metal ions for their survival and pathogenicity inside the host system. Intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis have co-evolved to combat the nutritional immunity developed by the host. It has developed eminent mechanisms to sequester essential metal ions from the host system. One such prominent mechanism to scavenge metal ions to thrive in the host cell involves ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which transport metal ions (in free and/or complex forms) across the cell membrane. This study employs a high-throughput data mining analysis to identify open reading frames (ORFs) encoding metal uptake ABC transporters in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In total, 19 ORFs resulting in seven ABC transport systems and two P-type ATPases were identified, which are potentially involved in the uptake of different metal ions. The results also suggest the existence of a subunit sharing mechanism in M. tuberculosis where the transmembrane and nucleotide binding domains are shared among different ABC transport systems indicating the import of multiple substrates via a single ABC transporter. Thus, this study reflects an overview of the repertoire of metal-specific ABC transport systems in M. tuberculosis H37Rv, providing potential therapeutic targets for the future.When faced with illness, Sudanese patients have traditionally relied primarily on folklore healers. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb-5083.html In the recent past, Sudan increased its health care spending and placed ever-greater importance on medical education. Although traditional remedies still play an important role, Sudanese patients increasingly consult conventional medicine. Not only infectious diseases but also a rising burden of noncommunicable conditions, including cancer, represent major health care challenges. Therefore, Sudan will need to make the best out of the limited resources available and further increase investment in health care to confront these trends successfully. Sudan was one of the first African countries to recognize the importance of radiation oncology in multidisciplinary cancer care and began investing in it in the 1960s. Today, there are 4 comprehensive cancer centers in the country, which offer radiation therapy and employ 10 radiation therapy machines for a population of about 45 million people. This proportion is an indication that Sudan still has an underfunded health care system with a lack of infrastructure and human resources. The present manuscript intends to provide a well-rounded overview of radiation oncology in Sudan today.
Data are scarce from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to support the choice of vaccination schedule for the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). We aimed to compare the immunogenicity of four different infant PCV10 schedules in infants in Vietnam.

In this single-blind, parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled trial, infants aged 2 months were recruited by community health staff in districts 4 and 7 of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Eligible infants had no clinically significant maternal or prenatal history and were born at or after 36 weeks' gestation. Participants were randomly assigned (335454) using block randomisation, stratified by district, to one of six PCV10 or PCV13 vaccination schedules. Here we report results for four groups group A, who were given PCV10 at ages 2, 3, 4, and 9 months (a 3 + 1 schedule); group B, who were vaccinated at ages 2, 3, and 4 months (3 + 0 schedule); group C, who were vaccinated at ages 2, 4, and 9·5 months (2 + 1 schedule); and group D, who were vaccinated at ages 2 and 6 months (two-dose schedule).