It may also be used for the prediction of sensitizer potency on a continuous scale, ideally in combination with continuous parameters from other in vitro assays. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mk-8353-sch900353.html We show how the rate constant could be combined with read-outs of other in vitro assays in a defined approach. A decision model based on log kmax alone has, however, a high predictivity and can be used as stand-alone model for identification of GHS 1A sensitizers among chemicals predicted as sensitizers.
Resistant starch (RS) confers many health benefits, mostly due to nonenzymatic human digestion and gut microbiota fermentation capacity. The usual intake of naturally occurring dietary RS in US adults is unclear.

This study estimated usual daily RS intake in grams per 1000kcal in US adults by sex, age, and ethnic group, as well as the most frequent food category contributing to RS intake using data from the NHANES 2015-2016.

RS content of foods consumed was matched with Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies food codes. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate adults' usual RS intake from 2 24-h dietary recalls. Day 1 RS contribution from food groups to overall RS intake was ranked for the total sample, across age-sex categories, and across ethnic groups.

In total, 5139US adults (48.4% male) had a mean daily usual intake of RS of 1.9±0.0g/(1000kcal⋅d).Males and females had a similar intake of RS [2.0±0.0g compared with 1.9±0.0g/(1000kcal⋅d)] with no differences between sexes within the same age category. When comparing ethnic groups within each age category, the non-Hispanic white males and females had significantly lower RS intake than all other ethnic groups [range 1.7-1.8 compared with 2.1-2.3g RS/(1000kcal⋅d), respectively], with no differences among the other ethnic groups. French fries and other fried white potatoes, rice, and beans, peas, and legumes were the most frequently consumed food categories contributing to RS intake in all adults.

US adults should improve the intake of natural RS food sources. Increasing RS intake will improve gastrointestinal health as a prebiotic and potentially increase insulin sensitivity with adequate consumption (e.g., ∼15g/d).
US adults should improve the intake of natural RS food sources. Increasing RS intake will improve gastrointestinal health as a prebiotic and potentially increase insulin sensitivity with adequate consumption (e.g., ∼15 g/d).
Targeted next generation sequencing offers the potential for consistent, deep coverage of information rich genomic regions to characterize polyclonal Plasmodium falciparum infections. However, methods to identify and sequence these genomic regions are currently limited.

A bioinformatic pipeline and multiplex methods were developed to identify and simultaneously sequence 100 targets and applied to dried blood spot (DBS) controls and field isolates from Mozambique. For comparison, WGS data were generated for the same controls.

Using publicly available genomes, 4465 high diversity genomic regions suited for targeted sequencing were identified, representing the P. falciparum heterozygome. For this study, 93 microhaplotypes with high diversity (median HE = 0.7) were selected along with 7 drug resistance loci. The sequencing method achieved very high coverage (median 99%), specificity (99.8%) and sensitivity (90% for haplotypes with 5% within sample frequency in DBS with 100 parasites/µL). In silico analyses revealed that microhaplotypes provided much higher resolution to discriminate related from unrelated polyclonal infections than biallelic SNP barcodes.

The bioinformatic and laboratory methods outlined here provide a flexible tool for efficient, low-cost, high throughput interrogation of the P. falciparum genome, and can be tailored to simultaneously address multiple questions of interest in various epidemiological settings.
The bioinformatic and laboratory methods outlined here provide a flexible tool for efficient, low-cost, high throughput interrogation of the P. falciparum genome, and can be tailored to simultaneously address multiple questions of interest in various epidemiological settings.
Excess sodium intake and insufficient potassium intake are risk factors for hypertension, but there is limited knowledge regarding genetic factors that influence intake. Twenty-hour or half-day urine samples provide robust estimates of sodium and potassium intake, outperforming other measures such as spot urine samples and dietary self-reporting.

The aim of this study was to investigate genomic regions associated with sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium-to-potassium ratio measured from 24-h or half-day urine samples.

Using samples of European ancestry (mean age 54.2 y; 52.3% women), we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 4 cohorts with 24-h or half-day urine samples (n=6,519), followed by gene-based analysis. Suggestive loci (P<10-6) were examined in additional European (n=844), African (n=1,246), and Asian (n=2,475) ancestry samples.

We found suggestive loci (P<10-6) for all 3 traits, including 7 for 24-h sodium excretion, 4 for 24-h potassium excretion, and e regulation in individuals of European ancestry. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to provide insight into the underlying genetic mechanisms by which these genomic regions influence sodium and potassium intake.
We identified multiple suggestive loci for sodium and potassium intake near genes associated with eating behavior, nervous system development and function, and blood pressure regulation in individuals of European ancestry. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to provide insight into the underlying genetic mechanisms by which these genomic regions influence sodium and potassium intake.Given ever increasing ease of access to technology, the majority of adults first turn to the internet for medical advice. The world wide web is filled with user-generated content within multiple social media platforms that lack a governing body to validate the information's accuracy and reliability. The authors performed a qualitative review of first-aid burn resources available on YouTube using two validated scales Modified Discern and Global Quality Scale. A search was conducted using the term "burn treatment" on September 18, 2019. Of 120 reviewed videos, 59 met their inclusion criteria. 36% (n = 21) of the speakers had formal medical training, with only 12% (n = 7) identified as burn care professionals. The mean views originating from nonmedical speakers (162,675) were more than eight times that originating from burn centers (14,975). The quality of the videos was compared by video source, speaker, and specialty. Burn centers had the highest Modified Discern and Global Quality Scale scores, 2.91 and 2.86, respectively (P less then .05). Additionally, the authors were able to demonstrate that there was a statistically significant higher quality of videos when the speaker was a burn care professional or had formal medical training. Unfortunately, their review demonstrated that videos originating from hospital systems and burn centers made up a minority of the online media content. These results illustrate an opportunity for improvement by way of increased content creation to bolster the online presence of the burn community and provide patients with more accurate information.
Interval cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) showed promising oncologic outcomes for patients with advanced ovarian cancer, but a large-scale, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy of HIPEC combined with primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) has yet to be conducted.

To compare survival outcomes between PCS with HIPEC vs PCS alone for patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer.

This cohort study was conducted from January 2010 to May 2017 at 5 high-volume institutions in China. A total of 584 patients with stage III primary epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with either PCS alone or PCS with HIPEC. The median (interquartile range) follow-up period was 42.2 (33.3-51.0) months. Data analysis was conducted from August to December 2019.

PCS with HIPEC vs PCS alone.

Primary outcomes were median survival time and 3-year overall survival. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method, based on propensity score, was used to controsurvival. When complete PCS is possible, this approach could be a valuable therapy for patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer.
Stress among health care professionals is well documented. The use of mindfulness-based interventions to reduce stress has shown promising results; however, the time commitment of typical programs can be a barrier to successful implementation in health care settings.

To determine the efficacy and feasibility of a brief mindfulness-based program to reduce stress during work hours among health care professionals.

This intent-to-treat randomized clinical trial was conducted among full-time health care professionals at the Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, between September 2017 and May 2018. Participants were randomized to receive mindfulness-based self-care (MBSC) training or life-as-usual control. Data were analyzed from June 2018 to January 2020.

The MBSC intervention included 5 weekly, 1.5-hour in-class mindfulness practice sessions.

Stress level was the primary outcome, assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale 10-Item version. Secondary outcomes included a.001), and mindful self-care (mean [SD] score, 7.29 [2.44] vs 5.54 [2.77]; P < .001). Burnout, negative affect, and trait mindfulness levels did not differ between groups. Changes within the MBSC group through follow-up included sustained reductions in stress (change, -6.14; 95% CI, -7.84 to -4.44; P < .001), anxiety (change, -1.46; 95% CI, -1.97 to -0.94; P < .001), trait mindfulness (change, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.90; P < .001), and state mindfulness (change, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.39; P < .001).

This randomized clinical trial found that this brief mindfulness-based intervention was an effective and feasible means to reduce stress in health care professionals. Larger studies are needed to assess the effects on clinical care and patient outcomes.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03781336.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03781336.
Two 2018 randomized controlled trials (DAWN and DEFUSE 3) demonstrated the clinical benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) more than 6 hours after onset in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Health-economic evidence is needed to determine whether the short-term health benefits of late MT translate to a cost-effective option during a lifetime in the United States.

To compare the cost-effectiveness of 2 strategies (MT added to standard medical care [SMC] vs SMC alone) for various subgroups of patients with AIS receiving care more than 6 hours after symptom onset.

This economic evaluation study used the results of the DAWN and DEFUSE 3 trials to populate a cost-effectiveness model from a US health care perspective combining a decision tree and Markov trace. The DAWN and DEFUSE 3 trials enrolled 206 international patients from 2014 to 2017 and 182 US patients from 2016 to 2017, respectively. Patients were followed until 3 months after stroke. The clinical outcome at 3 months was available for 29 subgroups of patients with AIS and anterior circulation large vessel occlusions.