The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade that controls multiple cytoprotective responses through the induction of a complex transcriptional program that ultimately renders cancer cells resistant to oxidative, metabolic and therapeutic stress. Interestingly, accumulating evidence in recent years has indicated that metabolic reprogramming is closely interrelated with the regulation of redox homeostasis, suggesting that the disruption of NRF2 signaling might represent a valid therapeutic strategy against a variety of solid and hematologic cancers. These aspects will be the focus of the present review.In this study, vacuum low-pressure carburizing heat treatments were carried out on 18Cr2Ni4WA case-carburized alloy steel. The evolution and phase transformation mechanism of the microstructure of the carburized layer during low-temperature tempering and its effect on the surface hardness were studied. The results showed that the carburized layer of the 18Cr2Ni4WA steel was composed of a large quantity of martensite and retained austenite. The type of martensite matrix changed from acicular martensite to lath martensite from the surface to the core. The hardness of the carburized layer gradually decreased as the carbon content decreased. A thermodynamic model was used to show that the low-carbon retained austenite was easier to transform into martensite at lower temperatures, since the high-carbon retained austenite was more thermally stable than the low-carbon retained austenite. The mechanical stability-not the thermal stability-of the retained austenite in the carburized layer dominated after carburizing and quenching, and cryogenic treatment had a limited effect on promoting the martensite formation. During low-temperature tempering, the solid-solution carbon content of the martensite decreased, the compressive stress on the retained austenite was reduced and the mechanical stability of the retained austenite decreased. Therefore, during cooling after low-temperature tempering, the low-carbon retained austenite transformed into martensite, whereas the high-carbon retained austenite still remained in the microstructure. The changes in the martensite matrix hardness had a far greater effect than the transformation of the retained austenite to martensite on the case hardness of the carburized layer.Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are part of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries, including South Africa, where they are a major public health issue. Understanding the joint spatial clustering of CVDs and associated risk factors to determine areas in need of enhanced integrated interventions would help develop targeted, cost-effective and productive mediations. We estimated joint spatial associations and clustering patterns of 2 CVDs (stroke and heart attack) and 3 risk factors (hypertension, high blood cholesterol (HBC) and smoking) among adults in South Africa. Methods We used cross-sectional secondary adult (15-64-year olds) health data from the South African Demographic Health Survey 2016. Age and gender standardized disease incidence ratios were analyzed using joint spatial global and local bivariate Moran's Index statistics. Results We found significantly positive univariate spatial clustering for stroke (Moran; s Index = 0.128), smoking (0.606) hypertension (0nd risk factors, where higher rates were found in urban places than in rural areas. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/r428.html These findings are suggestive of a more contagious and spatial diffusion process among interdependent districts in urban districts. Urbanization or rurality needs to be considered when intervention initiatives are implemented with more general approaches in rural areas. The finding of "hot spot" co-clusters in urban areas means that integrated intervention programmes aimed at reducing the risk of CVDs and associated risk factors would be cost-effective and more productive.In many developing countries, community members depend on their local flora for treating diverse ailments including those affecting the respiratory system. This is often attributed to the high cost and limited access to health care facilities. This present study focused on the documentation of plant species used against cough associated with the respiratory diseases in Ede South Local Government Area of Osun State. The survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews among 100 participants. Information obtained was analyzed using different ethno-botanical indices including relative frequency of citation (RFC) and fidelity level (FL). A total of 87 plant species from 39 families, which was mostly represented by Fabaceae, were reported in the study area. Crinum jagus was the most popular plant used against cough and approximately 32% of the plants have been reported as cough remedies for the first time. However, some of the documented plants have been reported for the treatment of cough and related respiratory diseases in several countries. In terms of the life-form, trees constituted the highest proportion of the medicinal plants (37%), while leaves (36%) were the predominant plant part prescribed for cough. Decoction was the main method of preparing the plants, which were all administered orally. Approximately 63% of the plants were exclusively sourced from the wild. The current study revealed the richness and widespread use of plant species for managing cough associated with respiratory diseases in the study area. The generated inventory contributes to the expanding database of valuable plant resources with medicinal potential in Nigeria and Africa.The topic of the article is the analysis of the static work of unreinforced and reinforced with composite material timber beams under bending tests. The results of the experimental tests and a brief outline of the characteristics of the internal reinforcement of wood structures are presented. Experimental tests were performed on full-scale beams made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with nominal dimensions of 45 × 200 × 3400 mm. Two strips of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement were glued into rectangular grooves in the component bottom with two-component epoxy resin (0.62% reinforcement percentage). The reinforcement mainly affected the enhancement of the maximum bending moment values evaluated at the points of application as having concentrated forces of 32% and 24% in comparison to the unreinforced elements. Increases of 11% and 7% in the global modulus of elasticity in the bending and stiffness coefficients were achieved, respectively. The failure of the reference beams was caused by exceeding the tensile strength of the LVL.