Therefore, by searching PubMed, Web of Science and SciFinder databases, this paper updates and summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence of TCM monomers for the treatment of NAFLD in the past six years (2015-2020), thus providing thoughts and prospects for further exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and TCM monomer therapies.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has claimed more than a million lives. Various in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies are being conducted to understand the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the cellular metabolism of humans and the various drugs and drug-targets that may be used. In this review, we discuss protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between viral and human proteins as well as viral targets like proteases. We try to understand the molecular mechanism of various repurposed antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, their combination therapies, drug dosage regimens, and their adverse effects along with possible alternatives like non-toxic antiviral phytochemicals. Ultimately, randomized controlled trials are needed to identify which of these compounds has the required balance of efficacy and safety. We also focus on the recent advancements in diagnostic methods and vaccine candidates developed around the world to fight against Covid-19.
To compare the biochemical control rates (BCRs), late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities in patients with low- and intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT) of 19Gy/1 fraction, 26Gy/2 fractions, or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) of 36.25Gy/5 fractions.

Between August 2008 and December 2017, patients with low- and intermediate risk PCa who received single dose or 2-fraction HDR BT, or 5-fraction SABR at a single institution were included. BCR for the whole population and the individual treatment groups were calculated using the Phoenix definition. Post treatment GI and GU toxicities were evaluated according to the CTCAE v4.0 guidelines.

185 patients with low- and intermediate risk PCa were included in this study with a median follow up of 60.5months. BCRs at 3 and 5years were 95% and 85% for all patients. The 5-year BCRs were 69%, 95% and 92% for the 19Gy/1 fraction, 26Gy/2 fractions and 36.25Gy/5 fractions groups respective in future clinical trials.
26 Gy/2 fractions HDR BT provided equivalent BCR with lower toxicity compared to 36.25 Gy/5 fractions SABR. Both 2-fraction HBR BT and 5-fraction SABR achieved better BCRs than single dose 19 Gy HDR BT. The two-fraction HDR BT schedule should be considered as an important comparator in future clinical trials.
Cancer research faces the problem of high rates of clinical failure of new treatment approaches after positive preclinical data. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/su5402.html We hypothesize that a major confounding factor to this problem in radiooncology is the choice of the preclinical endpoint.

We present a comprehensive re-evaluation of large-scale preclinical in-vivo data on fractionated irradiation alone or simultaneously with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor inhibition. Taking the permanent local tumour control assay as a gold standard, we evaluated different tumour volume dependent endpoints that are widely used for preclinical experiments.

The analysis showed the highest correlations between volume related and local tumour control endpoints after irradiation alone. For combined treatments, wide inter-tumoural variations were observed with reduced correlation between the endpoints. Evaluation of growth delay per Gray (GD/Gy) based on two or more dose levels showed closest correlation with local tumour control dose 50% (TCD
).

GD/Gy with at least two dose groups correlates with TCD
, but cannot replace the latter as the goldstandard.
GD/Gy with at least two dose groups correlates with TCD50, but cannot replace the latter as the goldstandard.
To assess bowel dose-volume relationships for acute patient-reported intestinal symptoms of patients treated with whole-pelvis intensity-modulated radiotherapy (WPRT) for prostate cancer.

Complete data of 415 patients enrolled in a multi institute, prospective trial (#NCT02803086) treated with radical (31%), adjuvant (33%) and salvage (36%) intent at a median dose to pelvic nodes/lymph-nodal area of 53Gy were available. The most severe changes between baseline and radiotherapy mid-point/end toxicity assessed by Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (only Bowel Domain) were considered (ΔIBDQ). The 25th percentile values of these score variations were set as endpoints. DVHs of bowel loops for patients with/without toxicity were compared for each endpoint, having excluded patients with baseline scores <5 (rate ranging between 2% and 7% according to the endpoint) the resulting best dosimetric predictors were combined with selected clinical parameters through multivariate logistic regression (MVA) to derter impact for patients with lower IBDQ baseline scores.Several technologies have been proposed to preserve fruits and to avoid postharvest losses. The degradation of ethylene produced by the fruits using TiO2 photocatalysis has shown to be a good option to delay the ripening of fruits. This paper proposed a new application of biopolymers-TiO2 nanocomposites developed to extend the shelf-life of fruits. Photocatalytic coatings were applied on the expanded polyethylene foam nets to degrade ethylene. Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HMPC) were tested as hydrophobic and hydrophilic matrices for the TiO2 incorporation. First, nanocomposite films prepared by casting were evaluated with regards to their photocatalytic properties. Both matrices, which were loaded with 1 wt% TiO2, degraded 40% of the ethylene injected in a batch reactor. By Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, ethylene degradation using gelatin-TiO2 films (kapp = 0.186 ± 0.021 min-1) was faster than the HPMC-TiO2 films (kapp = 0.034 ± 0.003 min-1). Then, gelatin-TiO2 dispersion was applied as a coating on the foam nets by dip coating. The gelatin-TiO2 bilayer exhibited higher concentration of ethylene degraded per photocatalytic area and photocatalyst mass unit (13.297 ± 0.178 ppmv m2 [Formula see text] ) than its film form (18.212 ± 1.157 ppmv m2 [Formula see text] ), which makes gelatin-TiO2/foam nets a promising composite design for fruit postharvest application.