To evaluate the reliability and quality of only resources available online on Calcaneal fractures.

70 websites were identified using the search term 'Calcaneus fractures'. Google, Yahoo! and Bing were the three major search engines used for the study. Websites were classified by type and assessed for reliability and readability by means of DISCERN score, Journal of the Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the presence or absence of HON-Code certification. In addition, a Calcaneus Fracture Specific Content Score (CFSCS) was designed in conjunction with two speciality trained foot & ankle surgeons in order to gauge content quality itself.

Academic websites made up the majority of URLs that were identified followed by Physician and Commercial. Overall mean DISCERN and JAMA scores were 49.8 (range 16-64) and 2.1 (range 0-4) respectively. Mean CFSCS was 18.3 (range 0-25). 30 of the total websites were HON-code certified. There was a statistically significant correlation identified between presence of HON-code certificate and DISCERN, JAMA and novel CFSCS (p<0.001).

There is an increasing tendency for patients to peruse online resources to understand their injuries and management options. This is particularly true for the younger cohort of patients in whom Calcaneus fractures occur more commonly. One must understand the varying quality of information available online in order to appropriately direct patients to areas of higher quality and reliability.
There is an increasing tendency for patients to peruse online resources to understand their injuries and management options. This is particularly true for the younger cohort of patients in whom Calcaneus fractures occur more commonly. One must understand the varying quality of information available online in order to appropriately direct patients to areas of higher quality and reliability.
Lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has forced a decrease in physical activity (PA), an increase in sedentary behavior (SB) and a possibly worsening of fat accumulation in already obese subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate how social restriction may have contributed to weight changes in adolescents with obesity. Secondary aim was to evaluate possible parameters influencing weight changes.

Parameters of 51 obese adolescents were compared between two visits within 2 months before 8 March, start of lockdown, and within 40 days after the end of it.

Mean weight gain during lockdown was 2.8±3.7kg (p<0.001). Weight increase was higher in males than in females (3.8±3.4kg vs 1.2±3.7kg, p=0.02). The hours dedicated to SB increased (+2.9±2.8h/day; p<0.001) while the hours of PA decreased (-1.0±1.6h/week; p<0.001). Males spent more hours in SB than females (+3.8±2.7h/day vs +1.5±2.5h/day; p=0.003). There were minor changes in diet during lockdown. The most significant variables influencing both delta BMI and waist/height ratio increase were hours devoted to SB during lockdown and differences in mild and moderate PA before and after lockdown.

Obese adolescents showed a worsening of obesity during lockdown, with males mainly affected, mainly due to a reduced mild PA and increased hours spent in SB.
Obese adolescents showed a worsening of obesity during lockdown, with males mainly affected, mainly due to a reduced mild PA and increased hours spent in SB.
Shift workers face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes and obesity. Eating during the night is a likely contributing factor, as it coincides with the time at which postprandial metabolism is least efficient. In this pilot randomised crossover trial, we examine the effects of a short overnight fast on CVD risk markers (primarily postprandial triglyceride and glucose response) of night shift workers.

Night shift workers with abdominal obesity underwent 4-week intervention and control periods, separated by≥2 weeks washout. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ccs-1477-cbp-in-1-.html In the intervention period, an overnight fast (0100h-0600h) was implemented, by redistributing 24-h energy intake. Usual dietary habits were followed in the control period. Outcomes between intervention and control were compared using mixed effects linear regression models. Nineteen adults completed the trial [13 females, mean (±SD) age 41±10 years, BMI 30.7±5.7kg/m
]. Postprandial triglyceride and glucose response post intervention were not different to post control. The overnight fast was well-tolerated by participants with an adherence rate of 95%, assessed by weekly 24-h dietary recalls. Exploratory analysis indicates lower mean body weight post intervention compared to post control (mean difference -0.9kg, 95% CI -1.3 to -0.4).

Night shift workers who habitually ate during their night shifts were able to rearrange their meal times to maintain a small overnight fast, which may have promoted small weight changes. This warrants further investigation into the role of meal timing in mitigating the metabolic consequences of night shift work.

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http//anzctr.org.au/) registered on the 30th May 2017 (ACTRN12617000791336).
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http//anzctr.org.au/) registered on the 30th May 2017 (ACTRN12617000791336).
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease resulting in non-scarring hair loss. Animal models are useful means to identify candidates for therapeutic agents. The C3H/HeJ mouse AA model induced via transferring cultured lymphoid cells isolated from AA-affected mice is widely used for AA research. However, this conventional method requires the continuous breeding of AA mice.

We aimed to establish a new method to generate AA model using the transfer of cryopreserved cells, which allows the rapid induction of a large number of AA mice when needed.

We cryopreserved lymph node cells soon after isolation from AA-affected mice and injected thawed-cultured cells into recipient mice. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were conducted to identify pathological characteristics. Flow cytometry was performed to reveal the profile of transferred cells.

More than 90 % of recipient mice developed AA-like hair loss and showed inflammatory cell infiltration around anagen hair follicles, markedly increased mRNA expressions of interferon-γ, CXCL11, and granzyme B, and elevated interferon-α protein levels in the skin compared with naïve mice.