Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a widely utilized surgical procedure in the pediatric population for the treatment of mandibular retrognathia. Patients with congenital abnormalities may display severe mandibular hypoplasia and associated functional problems. Distraction osteogenesis is effective in alleviating airway obstruction for these patients and is performed early in life, often during the neonatal period and during infancy. However, problems in tooth development may arise as a surgical complication.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE to identify retrospective studies describing long term outcomes of mandibular distraction osteogenesis on tooth development. Each article was reviewed and relevant data were extracted, collected, and examined according to the type of dental injury, specific tooth effected, and frequency of occurrence.

Tooth injuries include positional change (35%), shape alteration/fracture (24%), missing tooth (15%), root injury/malformation (14%), follicle/bud perforation (9%), delayed eruption (2%), and dentigerous cyst (1%). The most commonly affected tooth is the permanent first molar, followed by the primary second molar. The least common tooth affected is the third molar.

Although tooth injuries exist following mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the pediatric population, the risk of pathology and major complications remain relatively low. Technological advancements in presurgical planning can be expected to continue reducing the risk of adverse effects to primary and permanent tooth development.
Although tooth injuries exist following mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the pediatric population, the risk of pathology and major complications remain relatively low. Technological advancements in presurgical planning can be expected to continue reducing the risk of adverse effects to primary and permanent tooth development.
Among the several factors implicated in the occurrence of local surgical site complications following cleft lip repair is the initial width of the cleft. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cleft width in the occurrence of immediate local surgical site complications.

All consecutive subjects with diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate who presented at the cleft clinic and satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. The width of the cleft lip defect as adopted for the study was measured from the peak of the Cupid bow on the non-cleft side to a point where the white roll begins to thin out on the cleft side. Measurement was done using a Vernier Calliper. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html Surgery was performed under general anesthesia after which subjects were evaluated for the presence or absence of immediate local surgical site complications which included dehiscence, infection, and vermillion notching of the lip.

A total of 70 subjects consisting of 36 (51.4%) males and 34 (48.6%) females were included in the study. Mean age (±SD) was 9.0 ± (19.4) months with age range of 3 months to 13 years. The prevalence of early surgical site complications was 24.3%. The width of cleft above a critical level (14 mm) statistically correlate significantly with the occurrence of early surgical site complications (P = 0.048).

This study showed that the width of cleft lip of and above critical level of 14 mm may be associated with a clinically significant risk of immediate local surgical site complications.
This study showed that the width of cleft lip of and above critical level of 14 mm may be associated with a clinically significant risk of immediate local surgical site complications.
Unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) is associated with apparent nasal deformities before the cheilorrhaphy. The aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative correction techniques are effective in the treatment of nasal deformities in infant with unilateral UCCLP used by the systematic review and meta-analysis.

We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM) until January 31, 2019, to identify studies that compared the effectiveness of preoperative correction techniques in the treatment of nasal deformities in infant with UCCLP. Two authors individually extracted the data and performed the quality assessments. The height of nasal columella, the width of the affected side nasal ala and the inclination of the nasal columella were evaluated.

Seven articles were incorporated into the systematic review, and 5 (274 participants) in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria. The preoperative correction could increase then of the nasal columella.
Upper airway surgery comprises a set of techniques that modify the anatomy of the vocal tract, including tonsillectomy and septoplasty. The objective of this work is to study the changes in acoustic parameters and the effects on the identification or verification of the speaker through the speech produced after the vocal tract surgeries, comparing them with a control group.

A prospective study was performed between January 2019 and June 2019 including. The final study sample consisted of 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 31 underwent septoplasty, 26 tonsillectomy patients, and 27 controls. Demographic data and GRBAS evaluation were statistically evaluated. Tests were taken before surgery, 2 weeks after surgery and 3 months later. Furthermore, to establish the equal error rate, the recording of patients' voices was made with a succeeding acoustic analysis and programmed identification of the speaker through machine learning systems.

A significant variance was observed in GRBAS, after surgery. Regarding acoustic parameters, a greater change was observed in the fundamental frequency at 2 weeks after surgery in the tonsillectomy group. Formants (F1-F3) and antiformants (AntiF1-AntiF3) changed in septoplasty group, not in tonsillectomy and control group at 3 months. When studying the impact of voice changes on the verification of the speaker through the speech, it was observed that there was a greater error in recognition in the tonsillectomy group at 2 weeks, coinciding with the results obtained in the rest of the parameters studied.

Results suggest that upper airway surgery produces modifications in the vocal tract affecting GRBAS, acoustic parameters, including formants and antiformants, producing an effect on verification of the speaker through the speech.
Results suggest that upper airway surgery produces modifications in the vocal tract affecting GRBAS, acoustic parameters, including formants and antiformants, producing an effect on verification of the speaker through the speech.