This study shows the application of pyrolytic oil derived from waste engine oil (WEOPO) as an alternative fuel by blending with ethanol. For this, the effect of blending of ethanol at 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % on the compositions and fuel properties were analyzed. The utmost blending was established based on the higher heating value. The pyrolytic oil used for this study was produced at 550 °C which was the optimum pyrolytic temperature. A comparison study of the blended oil was performed with commercially available gasoline to observe the similarities in their fuel properties and composition. The study confirmed that ethanol can be blended with WEOPO at 20 % by volume to obtain a fuel of a higher heating value of about 44.24 MJ/kg that can be used as fuel. Since WEOPO contains 65.80 % of C4-C12 (gasoline range), hydrocarbon compounds and the rest 31.48 % C11-C15, 11.84 % C15-C19, and 6.94 % > C19 compounds, it can be used as a future fuel.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the lives of people around the world in millions of ways . Due to this severe epidemic, all countries in the world have been affected by all aspects, mainly economic. It is widely discussed that the COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world economy. When considering this dimension, this study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy, socio-economics, and sustainability. In addition, the research focuses on multiple aspects of social well-being during the pandemic, such as employment, poverty, the status of women, food security, and global trade. To this end, the study used time series and cross-sectional analysis of the data. The second-hand data used in this study comes from the websites of major international organizations. From the analysis of secondary data, the conclusion of this article is that the impact of the pandemic is huge. The main finding of the thesis is that the social economy is affected by the pandemic, causing hugthe social economy is affected by the pandemic, causing huge losses in terms of economic well-being and social capital.Particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM1) significantly increased mortality risk, and the effect of PM1 was even greater than that of PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm). But the quantitative impact of PM1 on life expectancy was unknown. We aim to examine the extent to which that people's life expectancy was shortened by PM1 and PM2.5. We obtained daily data on deaths, PM1 and PM2.5 records, and weather variables during 2016-2017 in Nanjing, China. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by matching each decedent's age and sex to the Chinese life table. The fitted nonlinear dose-response associations of YLLs with PM1 and PM2.5 were estimated by utilizing a generalized additive model with a Gaussian link that controlled for confounding factors including meteorological variables, day of week, and long-term trend and seasonality. The effect estimates were presented as the YLLs when PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations fell in different ranges. Life expectancy losses attributable to PM1 and PM2.5 were calculated. Stratified analyses were also performed by age, sex, and death causes. Significant PM-YLL associations were observed, with greater increases in YLLs associated with PM1 (68.9 thousand). PM1 was estimated to reduce life expectancy, which was greater than PM2.5 (PM1 1.67 years; PM2.5 1.55 years). For PM1, greater years of loss in PM-related life expectancy were found in the female group, ≥65 years group, and cardiovascular disease group. Exposure to PM1 had a greater impact on life expectancy loss than did PM2.5. Constant efforts are urgently needed to control PM1 air pollution to improve people's longevity.The driving pattern of three-wheeled auto-rickshaws is governed by commuter's demands on certain fixed roads that offer flexible mobility solutions in a mid-size city. This flexibility creates unique driving patterns, frequent stop-and-go conditions, frequent acceleration, braking, and excessive idling, which affect emission rates. Existing emission testing regulation based on the driving cycle does not represent real-world conditions. In this paper, the real-world driving cycle of three-wheeled auto-rickshaw has been developed to provide realistic CO, HC, and NOX pollutants and see the effect of introducing modal shift of electric auto-rickshaw to reduce emission for India. Two policy scenarios were evaluated (1) with a 5% modal shift to electric auto-rickshaw, and (2) without modal shift. The results indicate that with a 5% shift to electric auto-rickshaw, by 2030, emissions will decrease by 6.30% compared to the baseline scenario. Further, by 2030, the projected CO emission would be 1,696,670 ton/year, and HC and NOX emissions would be 2,067,371 ton/year. Results can be useful for policy interventions towards cleaner fuel and the aggressive adoption for reducing pollution from auto-rickshaw.The residual antibiotics in different environmental media pose a serious threat to human health and the ecosystem. The high-efficient elimination of antibiotics is one of the foremost works. In this study, chloramphenicol (CAP) was eliminated efficiently by electrocatalytic advanced oxidation process with carbon nanotubes/agarose/indium tin oxide (CNTs/AG/ITO) electrode. The influences of different experimental parameters on the degradation efficiency were systematically studied. Under the optimal conditions (4 V potential, 10 wt% CNTs dosage, and pH = 10), the maximum degradation efficiency of CAP (20 mg L-1) achieved 88% within 180 min. Besides, the electrocatalytic degradation pathway and mechanism for CAP were also investigated, •O2- played a major role in the process of electrocatalytic degradation. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-196.html Based on the QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) model, the toxicities of CAP and identified intermediates were analyzed. Compared with the parent compound, the maximal chronic toxicity of intermediate ((E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-1-ene-1,3-diol) for daphnid increased 197-fold. Besides, the hybrid toxicity of the degradation system was further confirmed via disk agar biocidal tests with Escherichia coli ATCC25922, which changed slightly during the degradation process. Based on the above results, it is worth noting that the degradation pathway and toxicity assessment should be paid more attention to the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.