Federalizing Medicaid (thereby eliminating state program variation) is a bold and affordable alternative to Medicare for all (M4A) and proposed ACA public options. Making Medicaid an entirely federal program using Congress' budget reconciliation process will reverse the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that enabled states to reject Medicaid expansion. Such legislation achieves Congress' original intention to create universal entitlements for low-income persons who lack health coverage and concentrate new federal health spending on them (unlike M4A). Arguments for federalizing Medicaid involve state budget relief, efficiency, social justice and the history that created national industries from local and state-based health systems. Theory suggests that liberal democracies are generally more successful when path dependent, building incrementally on existing policies instead of plunging into new, untested innovations no matter how rational. In addition to realizing the congressional intent of the ACA, federalizing Medicaid can be a cost-effective, incremental path to single-payer health coverage.Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 is another in a long line of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities throughout the many realms of health care. The reasons for the disparities are manifold, with social determinants of health contributing heavily. Older adults have been identified as being at high risk of significant complications from COVID-19, and age coupled with other factors seems to put older adults belonging to underserved minorities at greatly heightened risk of those complications. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified yet again racial and ethnic differences in health care that still must be addressed. This will require a multi-pronged approach to move beyond identifying racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in health care to full-force design and implementation of interventions that address this important issue. The next generation of clinicians, researchers, leaders, and policymakers can help advance the cause of eliminating fundamentally unjust health disparities, and our nation's older adults should not be left behind.Structural racism negatively affects the health of Black populations in the U.S. Black populations experience a higher burden of oral diseases, such as tooth decay, periodontal disease, and oral and pharyngeal cancers than other racial groups experience. Oral health literature refers to racial inequities in the context of social disadvantage. However, structural racism perpetuates those contributory social disadvantages, such as inadequate access to affordable housing, education, and employment. In addition, in states where nearly 50% of U.S. Black populations reside, there is an inequitable distribution of adult Medicaid dental benefits as well as an inequitable availability of both Black and non-Black oral health care providers. Addressing structural racism in oral health should involve commitment among stakeholders to establish awareness and equity through community-building, policy, oral health workforce development, and research.Community leaders collaborated with human-centered design practitioners and academic researchers to co-develop a community health worker (CHW) training program for delivering community-based hearing care to fellow older adults. When implemented by CHWs, clients' communication function improved comparably with outcomes following professional interventions. Community-based models offer opportunities to advance hearing health.Very recent attitudes and public policy have promoted acceptance and health equity for LGBT people in Cuba. Based on unstructured conversations and observations with physicians, public health researchers, and community health workers in Cuba, current LGBT health priorities include HIV/AIDs prevention and treatment, mental and physical health, and aging-related issues.This report shares examples of organizational strategies and inclusive language that can be integrated into standard patient-facing processes, forms, and materials to create culturally responsive health care environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people.This paper describes the implementation of the first coordinated specialty care clinic for first episode psychosis in New Orleans, Louisiana (Early Psychosis Intervention Clinic-New Orleans), a historically underserved area. Successes, lessons, and challenges will be explored in the context of a mission to provide highest quality clinical care in the current insurance reimbursement systems.We describe technology use and preferences of minority patients with diabetes who participated in focus groups in order to help design a mobile/online health application (or, app) to assist with diabetes self-management. Self-management apps should include health-related data and suggestions about food. The authors close by recommending additional considerations for future self-management mobile/online apps.The rapid collapse of the valuable Pacific Ocean perch fishery in the Gulf of Alaska around the mid-twentieth century is a vivid example of how the development, adoption, and transfer of technology between scientific cultures contributed to a conservation crisis. Technology adopted to support trawl fishery in the Gulf suggests that knowledge of bottom topography, deployment of a full suite of navigational instruments, specialized fishing gear, fleet communications, and positioning systems were key to exploiting and sampling this species of fish. The technologies were transferred to fishers and fishery researchers from a spectrum of sources ranging from academic researchers to natural historians to military agencies. Soviet and Japanese trawl fleets quickly brought about overfishing levels by moving into the region, targeting key fish habitats, and accessing and refining information on the Alaskan continental shelf garnered by American agencies. Technology was applied perversely; it was used to support development of recommendations for reducing exploitation but was also used to assist fishers in fish stock location. In the end, production goals set by managers resulted in over-exploitation.Histories of technology, communications, or infrastructure typically draw few distinctions between the telegraph machine and its network. Yet that vast wired infrastructure not only made telegraph machines socially useful, it established a material foundation for telephone- and electrical-service networks. This article emphasizes American telegraph-network development and argues that the telegraph's needs catalyzed an electrical-wire supply industry with important continuities for later wired-network technologies. This study also shows that when telegraph networks emerged in the mid-1800s, industrial constraints meant the best wire available was still abjectly deficient for network needs. Wire vexed telegraph-line builders everywhere, but especially in the United States, where promoters favored less expensive but more vulnerable overhead lines. This article demonstrates that successfully networking the American nation involved decades of building and rebuilding, hundreds of mechanical inventions, hard-won industrial advances, and considerable individual sacrifice.In the mid-1960s, the Japanese government brought a technology focus to its relations with the United States, aiming to build respect for Japan as an equal partner in world affairs, as well as a source of high-quality industrial products. Efforts to replace its identity as an impoverished and defeated enemy with that of Cold War ally, trade partner, and industrial competitor were constrained by Americans' preconceptions and the particular functions of technology in international relations. The U.S. government engaged in its own technopolitics, mobilizing American technical knowledge to push Japanese policy in desired directions. This article highlights the difficulty of using technology as a tool of diplomacy by examining its role in U.S.-Japanese relations through a popular cultural initiative and top-level diplomatic discussions.After World War I, many European nations no longer wanted to depend on foreign fossil fuels and sought national renewable sources. In France, inhabitants of the forest regions of south-west advocated wood as a technological alternative for fuel, envisaging the transformation of forest waste into an inexhaustible energy source for cars and trucks. Despite the lobbying efforts of political and military leaders, wood fuels failed to gain enough momentum in France. Because of the huge variety of production techniques required specially adapted machines, the challenge to the primacy of petroleum fell short. It mirrors the current debates on establishing a post-fossil fuel world as it shows that the overabundance of technological alternatives may prevent any one of them from reaching a critical mass. The article engages in a dialogue between history of technology and sustainability studies by trying to understand the promises and failures of the past alternatives to the petroleum-based technological paradigm.Studies in railway imperialism usually focus on examples of nations from the European core who imposed railway projects upon their colonies or peripheral countries, seeking political or economic advantages. Both colonies and peripheral countries are often described as passive agents that were either bullied or swindled into accepting those projects. This paper revisits the concept with an example of a colonial country on the European periphery. Portugal attempted to impose a railway from its colony of Macao to the Chinese city Guangzhou in order to obtain political and economic leverage in the South of China. The diplomatic endeavors of the Portuguese representatives in China, conducted with a belittling and even racist demeanor towards the Chinese, were met with different forms of resistance from their Chinese counterparts that eventually led to the termination of negotiations and the project. This new look at railway imperialism shows both that it was not a practice exclusive to imperial powerhouses and that it could be countered by the countries on which it was imposed.New network technologies were often seen as contributing to a feminization of labor. Early online sex work complicates that argument. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html The early online sex work examined in this article masculinized what was traditionally women's work, while training workers and clients in the fluid, feminized communication skills that became a cornerstone of technologically-mediated office work. In the 1980s and 1990s, France's state-run videotext network, Minitel, connected millions to a wide array of public and private services. Its erotic chatrooms were among the most popular, profitable, and prominent. Throngs of citizens paid by the minute to chat anonymously with each other or, unwittingly, with mostly male professional hosts who tailored their digital personas to indulge their clients' sexual proclivities. This article reconstructs the chat hosts and their labor at the nexus of gender ideologies and emerging network technologies. These online self-presentations provide instructive parallels to today's shadow labor on digital platforms.