Grady Memorial Hospital is a pillar of public medical and surgical care in the Southeast. The evolution of this institution, both in its physical structure as well as its approach to patient care, mirrors the cultural and social changes that have occurred in the American South. Grady Memorial Hospital opened its doors in 1892 built in the heart of Atlanta's black community. With its separate and unequal facilities and services for black and white patients, the concept of "the Gradies" was born. Virtually, every aspect of care at Grady continued to be segregated by race until the mid-20th century. In 1958, the opening of the "New Grady" further cemented this legacy of the separate "Gradies," with patients segregated by hospital wing. By the 1960s, civil rights activists brought change to Atlanta. The Atlanta Student Movement, with the support of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., led protests outside of Grady, and a series of judicial and legislative rulings integrated medical boards and public hospitals. Eventually, the desegregation of Grady occurred with a quiet memo that belied years of struggle on June 1, 1965, a memo from hospital superintendent Bill Pinkston read "All phases of the hospital are on a non-racial basis, effective today." The future of Grady is deeply rooted in its past, and Grady's mission is unchanged from its inception in 1892 "It will nurse the poor and rich alike and will be an asylum for black and white."Gun-related injuries are a hotly debated sociopolitical topic in the United States. Annually, more than 33 million Americans seek heathcare services for mental health issues. These conditions are the leading cause of combined disability and death among women and the second highest among men. Our study's main objective was to identify cases of self-inflicted penetrating firearm injuries with reported pre-existing psychiatric conditions as defined in the 2013-2016 National Trauma Data Standard. The 2013-2016 Research Data Sets (RDSs) were reviewed. Cases were identified using the ICD-9 external cause codes 955-955.4, and ICD 10th Edition Clinical Modification external cause codes X72-X74. Odds ratios were calculated, and categorical data were analyzed by using the chi-squared test, with significance defined as P less then 0.05. The 2013-2016 Research Data Set consists of 3,577,168 reported cases, with 15,535 observations of self-inflicted penetrating firearms injuries. Of those patients, 18.4 per cent had major psychiatric illnesses, 7.5 per cent had alcohol use disorder, 6.4 per cent had drug use disorder, and 0.6 per cent had dementia. An upward trend in the proportion of patients with major psychiatric illnesses was observed, from 15.5 per cent in 2013 to 18.6 per cent in 2016, peaking in 2015 at 20.9 per cent. Nearly one in three self-inflicted penetrating firearm injuries in the United States is associated with pre-existing behavioral health conditions. Advances in understanding the behavioral and social determinants leading to these conditions, and strategies to improve the diagnosis of mental illness and access to mental health care are required.The nascent robotic approach for hepatic resections is gaining momentum in the United States because it offers solutions to the known limitations of laparoscopic approach. Herein, we report our initial experience and short-term outcomes of the first 100 robotic hepatectomies. With Institutional Review Board approval, all patients undergoing robotic hepatectomy were prospectively followed up. Patient demographics, operative outcomes, complications, and 30-day readmissions were collected and analyzed. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD). One hundred consecutive patients underwent robotic hepatectomy. Patients were aged 62 (63 ± 13.6) years, 66 per cent were women, and BMI was 29 (29 ± 6.4) kg/m². In all, 76 per cent of the hepatectomies were undertaken for malignancy [metastatic colorectal cancer (28%), hepatocellular carcinoma (21%), and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (15%)], and 20 per cent for benign lesions; 66 per cent of patients underwent nonanatomical partial hepatectomies, 17 per cent right hepatectomies, 16 per cent left hepatectomies, and 1 per cent trisegmentectomy. Operative time was 233 (268 ± 109.3) minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 123 (269 ± 322.1) mL. Conversion to "open" approach was necessary in one patient. The length of stay was 3 (5 ± 4.6) days. There were no intraoperative complications. Twelve patients experienced postoperative complications. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html Six patients required readmission to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. Robotic hepatectomy is safe and feasible with favorable short-term outcomes. The robotic system enhances application of minimally invasive surgery for complex hepatobiliary operations.Patients presenting with localized breast cancer have a five-year survival of 99 per cent, whereas survival falls to 27 per cent in advanced disease. This obviates the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Our study evaluates the impact of Ohio's Medicaid expansion and the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the stage at which Ohioans were diagnosed with breast cancer. Data were collected for 3056 patients presenting with breast cancer between 2006 and 2016 in the Dayton area. Patients were divided into groups based on cancer stage. The percentage of patients presenting with advanced disease (stage 3 or 4) was compared both before and after ACA implementation and Ohio Medicaid expansion. These results were also compared with statewide data maintained by the Ohio Department of Health. Compared with pre-ACA, the number of uninsured patients post-ACA was noted to fall 83 per cent, the number of patients presenting with Medicaid increased by five times, and the proportion of patients younger than 65 years presenting with breast cancer increased by approximately 7 per cent. These changes notwithstanding, no difference was identified in the percentage of patients presenting with advanced breast cancer before and after ACA implementation or Ohio Medicaid expansion (P = 0.56). Statewide data similarly demonstrated no change (P = 0.88). Improved insurance access had a smaller-than-anticipated impact on the stage at which Ohioans presented with breast cancer. As significant morbidity and mortality can be avoided by earlier presentation, additional research is appropriate to identify factors affecting patients' decision to seek breast cancer screening and care.