Dangerous practices and games at school. Three separate categories of dangerous games can be distinguished. The non-oxygenating or fainting games, which consist of mechanical compressions or strangulative mechanisms. These are performed in the search of pseudo-hallucinogenic sensations. There are several such games from the simple but non-the-less dangerous "tomato game", performed by younger children (from 3-4 years of age), to the "choking game", between 7 and 14 years of age. "Aggressive" or "violent" games which use physical and psychological violence from a group of people towards a single individual. Acute neurological complications can be the consequence of such games, and their degree depends on the duration and intensity of the strangulation. These can vary from cerebral edema, loss of consciousness, long term cerebral damage (deafness, blindness, bedridden), irreversible coma and death. Physical consequences of aggressive games are equally important, such as vertebral fractures, cranial trauma, organ rupture. Victims of violence present repeated psycho-traumatic manifestations. Preventive messages associate information on the risks of such games with civic education (listening, solidarity and trust in others), the development of psychological and social skills, an active involvement in school-life and concrete responsibility taking. Early identification of symptoms of these practices by family members and professionals helps to avoid their repetition and increased danger, even addictive patterns.How to talk about a serious event to a child? Talking to a child about a serious event is difficult. Should we be afraid of causing him trauma? We will present two clinical situations each involving a pedophile father. The contrasting evolutions make it possible to highlight the important elements to be taken into account in this type of situation, by insisting on the variables relating to the child rather than the pressure that can be put by the entourage and the urgency of the event. Then, we will discuss the case of the death of a loved one and an other on the announcement to a child of a collective disaster the spread of the Covid-19.The child's conflictual family environment. Children and adolescents currently experience multiple family situations that feed their psychological construction towards adulthood. Conflicts between parents or the separation of the parental couple mark a change in the family system. Different psychological mechanisms can describe this impact, including the feeling of vigilance, the perception of a potential danger, or the belief that the person is at fault and responsible for the disputes. They can be articulated around cognitive skills (how the child assesses and understands the conflict), emotional possibilities (through his or her ability to regulate emotions in the face of conflict) and behavioural skills (how the child or adolescent is involved in the conflict). To create this environment, the use of family mediation centres makes it possible to create new opportunities for communication between parents. Child protection actors must be notified when acts of violence are committed against the child or adolescent, or if they are exposed to violent marital conflicts. Mental health systems offer specific care when characterized disorders have been identified. The commitment of both parents is sought to provide a space for everyone to express themselves.Environmental endocrine disruptors, what risks for children? Not all chemicals around us are endocrine disruptors. The effects of endocrine disruptors go through mechanisms that are probably more complex than those of conventional toxicity. A number of convergent data seem to confirm for some of them the possibility of deleterious effects on the male and female reproductive organs, as well as on the thyroid function. Sensitivity to these products is maximum during embryonic life, involving great caution regarding their use in pregnant women, young children and pubertal period. Many uncertainties persist regarding the consequences of their use. An enlightened discernment is therefore necessary when there is a possible toxicity, which will require a lot of studies.Does sport practice have an impact on the immune status ? Both sports and physical activity alter our immune system. Intense/prolonged acute exercise triggers an immunosuppression period which lasts longer in unfit individuals. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nx-1607.html Although regular and well-designed workloads show immunostimulant and protective effects towards infectious diseases, highly-trained and elite athletes are definitively more vulnerable to microbial aggressions.Pediatric epilepsies. Epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the recurrence of epileptic seizures. The incidence is higher in children than in adults. Epilepsies are much more than the simple recurrence of seizures. Co-morbidities are common as well as daily-life activity restrictions. In children, special attention must be paid to schooling and behavioral difficulties in order to set up early intervention. Epilepsies with focal- onset seizures are the most common in children. Few syndromes account for the majority of pediatric epilepsies epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes, childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and juvenile absence epilepsy. An appropriate syndromic diagnosis allows to conduct appropriate investigations, propose adequate treatment and explain the prognosis.Gaucher disease. Gaucher disease is a rare lysosomal autosomal recessive disease, caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, a lysosomal enzyme. The most frequent symptoms are cytopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and potentially severe bone involvement (bone infarcts, avascular osteonecrosis, and pathological fractures). Neurological involvement may occur in type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease. Patients with type 1 Gaucher disease have an increased risk of Parkinson disease, some solid cancers, and some hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma. Patients often experience delays before their disease is being diagnosed. Thus, there is a need for physicians to recognize Gaucher disease symptoms to reduce the risk of irreversible complications.