BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a serious global health problem. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor in the endemicity of HBV infection. Oral antiviral drugs are recommended to highly viremic mothers to decrease MTCT of HBV. The present network analysis compared the efficacy of available treatments to prevent the MTCT of HBV. METHODS The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Wanfang data were searched for eligible studies. Pair-wise meta-analysis and Bayesian network analysis were applied to compare the efficacy of antiviral drugs. RESULTS Seventy-five studies involving 12,740 pregnant females were eligible for analysis. On pair-wise analysis, lamivudine (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.09-0.25, I-squared = 0%), telbivudine (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.05-0.10, I-squared = 0%) and tenofovir (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.13, I-squared = 0%) significantly decreased the MTCT rate. Results of multiple comparisons with ranking probability based on Bayesian analysis showed that tenofovir (SUCRA = 96.83%) appeared more effective than the two other drugs. CONCLUSION In addition to active and passive immunoprophylaxis, lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir in highly viremic mothers can further decrease MTCT of HBV. Based on direct and indirect evidence, tenofovir appears to be more effective than the two other drugs in the prevention of HBV MTCT.Receiving the HPV vaccine at a young age before being exposed to the virus is essential to improve HPV-related cancer prevention. In many countries in the world, like Italy, the HPV vaccine is offered free of charges to boys and girls aged 12-14. Despite this incentive, the HPV vaccine uptake in Italy remains low. Several interventions and campaigns have been implemented to educate parents and providers. However, children of 12-14 years old have been left out by prevention and education efforts. This study explored middle school children's knowledge and perceptions of the HPV virus and vaccine with the purpose to identify gaps and misperceptions and provide recommendations to develop educational interventions. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/borussertib.html A total of nine focus groups were conducted, and discussions were analyzed along with 171 anonymous questions collected from the children. Findings included a lack of knowledge of HPV prevention guidelines, negative emotions associated with both the HPV vaccine and vaccines in general, misperceptions between prevention and care, and the desire to receive specific information.Trimodality bladder preservation (BP) is an accepted alternative to radical cystectomy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The global utilization of BP is variable, and practice patterns have not been previously studied in Russia. We sought to elucidate the contemporary BP practice patterns in Russia and determine the impact of the BP workshop on attitudes of Russian radiation oncologists (ROs) towards BP. The workshop was focused on patient workup, selection for BP, chemotherapy choices, radiation therapy (RT) contouring and planning, patient counseling. A total of 77 pre- and 32 matched post-workshop IRB-approved surveys, based on the workshop content, were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine baseline clinical experience and patterns of care. The impact was judged by changes in participants' responses. A total of 56% of respondents had experience with delivering bladder-directed RT, and 60% of those treated both operable and inoperable MIBC patients. Only 10% felt uncomfortable offering an operable patient BP modality. Prior to the workshop, almost half of respondents estimated universal poor bladder (44%) and erectile functions (47%) after BP. The workshop resulted in dramatic change in participants' attitudes towards long-term urinary (Stuart-Maxwell test, p  less then  0.01) and sexual (exact McNemar test, p  less then  0.01) side effects. Prior to the workshop, only 47% of respondents routinely discussed smoking cessation (SC) with their patients, whereas after workshop, 88% agreed that SC discussion is mandatory (exact McNemar test, p = 0.04). BP for MIBC is commonly used in Russia. Our workshop resulted in dramatically improved understanding of long-term BP toxicities and inspired Russian ROs to incorporate SC counseling into routine clinical management.This manuscript demonstrates the learning experiences of graduate public health students through mentored field research in cancer epidemiology and cancer prevention over the past 13 years. The program has been funded through an R25 grant from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 2006 and has supported nearly 200 students from different universities in the USA. Included are data on student recruitment, selection, mentorship, and evaluation of research training in US minority settings as well as foreign countries. Examples of students' learning experiences and life-long skills that shaped students' careers are presented. The insights that fostered the experiential learning idea among key leaders at the NCI Cancer training branch have proven to be sound.Laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication has gained progressive consideration in the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia. Previous studies showed equivalent results in terms of reflux control with lower rate of side effects compared to the Nissen fundoplication. However, multiple technical variations may account for the long-lasting reputation of decreased durability and poor long-term reflux control. Inspired by the "critical view" concept, a step-by-step laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication is described and illustrated. During the study period, 2012-2017, 348 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication according to a standardized procedure. A large hiatus hernia was present in 39% of patients, and 14% had volvulus of the intrathoracic stomach. Sixty-four (18.4%) patients had one or more previously failed antireflux procedures. The median follow-up was 37 months (range 12-61). The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life score significantly improved compared to baseline (p  less then  0.