INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to compare parameters of kidney injury, oxidative stress and inflammation in people with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 57 cases with DN and 57 cases with T2DM were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine parameters of kidney injury, oxidative stress and inflammation. RESULTS The current study showed that patients with DN had higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (167.0 ± 40.1 vs. 151.4 ± 37.4 ng/L, P .05). Furthermore, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels in patients with DN were higher than that of patients with T2DM (8511.7 ± 1799.9 vs. 7660.7 ± 1711.9 AU, P less then .05), but the difference in malondialdehyde value was not significant. Finally, we found that total protein levels in cases with DN were enhanced compared with individuals with T2DM (7.1 ± 0.5 vs. 6.9 ± 0.6 mg/dL, P less then .05); however, other markers of kidney injury did not change. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the results of present study revealed that few markers of inflammation and oxidative stress including TNF-α, MMP-2, AGEs levels and total protein levels in patients with DN were significantly higher than that of patients with T2DN. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.INTRODUCTION Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), a well-known complication of using radio contrast media, dramatically increases the likelihood of patient morbidity and mortality following coronary angiography. As there is no specific treatment for CIN, prevention could be the best strategy to address this issue. Since now, the only approved preventing strategy was hydration with normal saline while antioxidant agents as a new yet unapproved remedy for this purpose could be applied .The present study was conducted to examine the effect of alpha tocopherol in CIN prevention. METHODS This prospective controlled trial was carried out on 201 patients with chronic kidney disease (eGFR less then 60 cc/min) underwent coronary angiography. We assigned three groups of CKD patients 72 patients who received prophylaxis administration with isotonic saline (Group A), 66 patients with isotonic saline plus N-acetylcysteine (1200mg twice a day) for 2 days (Group B) and 63 patients who received isotonic saline plus daily alpha tocopherol (600 IU once daily from one day before till 2 days after angiography) for 4 days (Group C). The contrast media in all three groups was nonionic iso-osmolal agent, Visipaque. RESULTS Even though CIN didn't developed in any of the three aforementioned groups but there was statistically significant reduction in eGFR from baseline in all three groups (P less then .001). Moreover, We found no statistically significant difference in GFR reduction between three studied groups. CONCLUSION Administration of alpha tocopherol has no additive beneficial effect over isotonic saline in CIN prevention in CKD patients.INTRODUCTION Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The gold standard techniques for diagnosis of MGN are based on a constellation of findings given by light microscope, electron microscope (EM), and immunofluorescence (IF). Occasionally, only formalin-fixed tissues are available for the analysis by light microscopy, which have limitations in differentiating minimal change diseases from MGN. Recently, the usage of C4d immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been proposed for the diagnosis of MGN. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of C4d-IHC in diagnosis of MGN. METHODS The present investigation conducted on patients with nephrotic syndrome who underwent renal biopsy in Labbafinejad hospital, from 2016 to 2017. The entire specimens were examined by light microscope, immunofluorescence, and electron microscope as a gold standard method for diagnosis of MGN. The samples were then stained for C4d immunohistochemical analysis. Eventually, the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for C4d-IHC was determined. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the C4d-IHC in order to differentiate MGN from other glomerulopathies were 95% and 87.5%, respectively. In addition, the negative and positive predictive values were 97.2% and 79.16%, respectively. CONCLUSION It was ultimately attained that C4d-IHC has more accuracy in identification and diagnosis of MGN, in contrary to EM and IF, this method is more usable and cost effective, which requires a lower level of skill and advanced equipment. Indeed, this technique does not require fresh specimen.No large study has been conducted on biopsy-proven nephropathies. Our aim was to report clinical and pathological pattern of kidney disease diagnosed by kidney biopsy in our center. This is a retrospective study on kidney biopsy during 7 years; we analyzed the results of kidney biopsies and their clinical data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 and a P less then .05 was considered. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-9363-ctx-648.html In 1355 kidney biopsies (55.7% women, age = 33.2 ± 16.4), primary glomerulonephritis (GN) was the main feature (57.1%). The most common presentation was asymptomatic urine abnormality (32.3%). Lupus nephritis (24.5%), membranous GN (17.0%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (13.9%) were the most frequent diagnosis. This study highlights the histopathological patterns of kidney disease in southern Iran. lupus nephritis, membranous GN, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are currently the three major diseases. These results have an important role in organizing renal health plans as an initial phase in our population.Whether working in intensive care unit or not as nephrologists we are all facing complicated cases with different sign and symptoms. Among them is a category of patients presenting with concomitant respiratory and kidney failure called pulmonary renal syndrome, which needs mutual connection between nephrologist and pulmonologist closely for the best decision-making. Although this is not a common entity, still associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality involving diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. Understanding the updates in the field of management would benefit both the patients and caregivers providing clear answers to present obstacles.