Following the development of the tramadol crisis currently affecting countries in the Middle East, and Africa, there has been increasing international interest in the regulation of tramadol. This study investigates the misuse of tramadol in patients presenting to emergency departments across Europe. Data from 32 emergency departments in 21 countries were extracted from the Euro-DEN Plus database for the 4-year period from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017. Of the reported 24,957 emergency department presentations, tramadol misuse was reported in 105 (0.4% presentations). Tramadol misuse was most common in Bratislava (Slovakia) (n=11, 7.5% of all presentations to this centre), Riga (Latvia) (n=4, 4.9%) and Munich (Germany) (n=17, 2.9%). On arrival, 14 (13.3%) of presentations were in coma/GCS≤8 and nine of these had a respiratory rate less then 12 per minute. These presentations potentially pose a significant burden on EDs with a large proportion requiring admission to hospital for ongoing care.On March 11th, 2020, the WHO declared the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Syndromes have been detected in relation to COVID-19 such as encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy and cerebrovascular complications. There are also cases of peripheral nervous system involvement. Our case would be the 3rd patient with MFS associated with COVID-19 as far as we know. We present a 51 years old female diagnosed with MFS two weeks after COVID-19. RT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 was negative but IgG was positive. Most of the cases were mild or moderate with typical signs and symptoms. All were treated with IV immunoglobulin with good response in most cases. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pds-0330.html Despite the short evolution time of the cases surviving the current pandemic, the description of cases of post-infectious neurological syndromes suggests that this is probably not an infrequent complication in the subacute stage of Covid-19 disease.Objective To determine the association between oil pollution and miscarriage, stillbirth, and infant death in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Methods A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of pregnant women (aged 18-45 years) who attended selected health facilities in regions with high and low exposure to oil pollution from May 14, 2018, to September 27, 2018. A multistage sampling technique was used to randomly select a representative of women with high and low exposure to oil pollution. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to adjust for confounding factors of miscarriage, stillbirth, and infant death. Results In total, 1564 pregnant women were included in the study. Women with high exposure to oil pollution were more likely to experience stillbirth (odds ratio [OR] 1.806; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.177-2.770) and infant death (OR 2.162; 95% CI 1.409-3.317). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, only infant death was associated with high exposure (adjusted OR 1.843; 95% CI 1.146-2.962). No association was found between miscarriage and high exposure to oil pollution. Conclusion Women with high exposure to oil pollution are at higher risk of infant death.COVID‐19 infection can cause a severe pneumonia which, in some cases, can lead to admission in intensive care unit for respiratory support.1 In severe cases, systemic thrombotic complication has been described, including cerebrovascular disease (5.7‐23% of cases).2,3The Lake Huron ecosystem is unique among the Laurentian Great Lakes in that its surface area encompasses three distinct basins. This ecosystem recently experienced significant ecological restructuring characterized by changes in primary production, species dominance and abundances, and top predator energy dynamics. However, much of the evidence for this restructuring has been largely derived from biomonitoring data derived from long term sampling of the lake's Main Basin. Here, we examined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations and the stable isotopes of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), bloater (Coregonus hoyi) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) to determine spatial variability in these environmental markers as indicators of the ubiquity of trophic restructuring throughout Lake Huron. Stable isotopes indicated North Channel fish occupied trophic positions between 0.5 - 1.0 lower relative to Main Basin and Georgian Bay conspecifics, respectively. Sum PCB concentrations for 41 congeners were highest for fish from the Main Basin (27.5 ± 3.0 ng·g-1 wet wt) and Georgian Bay (26.3 ± 3.4 ng·g-1 ) relative to North Channel (13.6 ± 1.2 ng·g-1 ) fish. Discriminant functions analysis demonstrated basin-specific PCB congener profiles with individual species also having distinct profiles dependent on their basin of collection. These bioaccumulation patterns among Lake Huron forage fish mirror those reported for lake trout in this lake and indicate that the degree of food-web ecological restructuring in Lake Huron is not equivalent across the basins. Specifically, basin-specific PCB congener profiles demonstrated among Lake Huron secondary and top predator consumer species are likely dictated by cross-basin differences in zooplankton community ecology and trophodynamics that can regulate the efficiencies of prey energy transfer and PCB congener bioaccumulation patterns in aquatic food-webs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The validity of soil toxicity databases for predicting ecological impacts in the field is rarely explored. This work was set up to test if laboratory toxicity data and the combined concepts of metal availability and mixture toxicity can predict ecological impact in mining-affected soils. Metal and arsenic (As) contamination gradients were sampled around five different mines in Mexico where plant cover and abundances exhibited clear dose-related responses. Soils were analyzed for total and isotopically exchangeable (labile) concentrations of Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As and for soil properties affecting the availability of these elements. Six different indices of toxic doses were compared to evaluate their accuracy in describing the field response expressed as relative abundance and cover. Each index was based on a different method to calculate the sum of toxic units (ΣTU) in soil, with 1 TU equal to the concentration of the element in soil yielding 50% adverse effect on plants with median sensitivity as recorded in a recent database of salt spiked soils.