Finally, the delayed degradation kinetics of transfected rotaviral RNA in UPF1 and UPF2 depleted cells and the association of UPF1 and UPF2 with viral RNAs suggested that NMD targets rotaviral RNAs for degradation. Collectively, the present study demonstrates the antiviral role of NMD pathway during rotavirus infection and also reveals the underlying mechanism by which rotavirus overwhelms NMD pathway to establish successful replication.
Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. is a traditional Tibetan medicine used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, but the scientific validation was very limited.
This study aimed to rapid screen and targeted isolate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors from S. obvallata extract.
An efficient ligand-fishing method based on affinity solid phase extraction (A-SPE) combining with HPLC was developed. The identified COX-2 inhibitors were separated using preparative liquid chromatography. In vitro COX-2 inhibition assays were employed to confirm the inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds. In addition, the effect of the isolated compounds on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 were evaluated.
A total of four phenylpropanoids, isolariciresinol, syringaresinol, pinoresinol and balanophonin were targeted isolated as COX-2 inhibitors with IC
values of 36.4±2.6μM, 23.1±1.8μM, 3.6±0.3μM and 12.1±0.9μM, respectively. The isolated compounds significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. And, the results of the inhibitory effect on the release of PGE
and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-induced macrophages were consistent with A-SPE analysis.
The present work demonstrated that the developed A-SPE-HPLC method could successfully targeted isolated COX-2 inhibitors from S. obvallata extract. And, the isolation results indicated that the therapeutic effect of S. obvallata on inflammation-related diseases was partly based on the COX-2 active ingredients.
The present work demonstrated that the developed A-SPE-HPLC method could successfully targeted isolated COX-2 inhibitors from S. obvallata extract. And, the isolation results indicated that the therapeutic effect of S. obvallata on inflammation-related diseases was partly based on the COX-2 active ingredients.
Coptis Categorized Formula (CCF) is one of the core prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Its efficacy can be available not only in exogenous diseases but widely in various internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases. CCF (i.e., Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, Huanglian Ejiao Decoction, Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction, Gegen Qinlian Decoction) is different in composition, but they all play a favorable role in curative effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is of great significance to reveal the common mechanism of CCF in treating T2DM.
Based on network pharmacology and non-targeted metabolomics research strategy, the common mechanism of the CCF treating T2DM was discussed.
Firstly, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical constituents of the CCF. Then, the targets of these chemical components were used for network pharmacology analysis associated with therapeutic effect. Finally, the diabetic zebran directionally regulate DPP-4, CASP3, NOS2, NOS3 and other targets, which are mediated by AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, MAPK signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The content of endogenous metabolites such as L-valine and L-sorbitose changes, and further regulates the metabolism of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingosine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, so as to play a significant role in regulating glycolipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, inhibiting cell apoptosis, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and finally ameliorating T2DM.
Besides psyche-related symptoms, patients with anxiety disorders can have a large number of somatic symptoms as well. Although the treatment of these disorders is mainly focused on resolving their mental component, one cannot neglect the need for the treatment of accompanying somatic symptoms. Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm), in various formulations, has been extensively used as an ethnomedicinal remedy for the treatment of different psyche-related symptoms, and its use is considered relatively safe.
In the present study, the activity of M. officinalis (MO) essential oil was evaluated in several in vitro and in vivo models mimicking or involving anxiety-related somatic symptoms.
To address the effect of MO essential oil on the gastrointestinal and heart-related symptoms accompanying anxiety disorders, in vitro models were utilized that follow the function of the isolated mouse ileum and atria tissues, respectively, after exposure to MO essential oil. Effects of MO essential oil on BALB/c mice motor impacted by the essential oil; however, its main constituent, citronellal, was found to exert a certain degree of muscle function inhibition. All these results suggest that the activity of MO essential oil arises from synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions of its constituents, and is not completely dependent on the oil's main constituent.Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor that accumulates in organisms in various ways and induces male reproductive system disorders. In this study, we established a testicular injury model by gavage with different concentrations of DEHP. The testes were then collected for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and the results were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by experiments. Our research results show that different concentrations of DEHP interfere with testicular development differently. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) generated sixteen modules and identified the turquoise module as key. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html Then, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), filamin A (Flna) and Furin were identified as hub genes. qPCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed that all three hub genes were upregulated. We detected the locations of these genes by immunohistochemistry. ESR1 was mainly located in Leydig cells; Flna immunostaining is observed in the Leydig and some germ cells and Furin staining was seen in almost all types of testicular cells. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed enrichment mainly in MAPK signaling pathways, p53 signaling pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, the cell cycle, RNA degradation, etc. This is the first study using WGCNA to investigate the mechanism of DEHP-induced injury in the prepubertal testis, providing new research angles to further understand the mechanism of DEHP-induced injury in the prepubertal testis.
Occupational injuries and disability are a source of surgeon morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical toll of working in operating rooms by Canadian vascular surgeons.
To assess work-place musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints and challenges faced by Canadian vascular surgeons and trainees and its implications on surgical practice and occupational longevity.
An online survey was distributed to resident and surgeon members of the Canadian Society of Vascular Surgery. The survey collected data on demographics, operative volume, and work-related MSK symptoms.
The survey was distributed to 188 surgeons and trainees. After three e-mailings, 109 surveys were returned (58% response rate). Of the responders, 87% were male, 51% were 45 years or older, and 56% had been in practice for ten or more years. Workplace MSK symptoms was reported by 83% of the responders. The most common locations were the low back (78%), neck (74%), and shoulder (30%). Most responders (83%) believed that these symptoms were related to their operative environment. Almost half (48%) sought medical care. As a result of these MSK symptoms, 25% experience chronic pain with 8% reporting time off work as a consequence. Another 11% reported an impact on their operative performance with 14% considering early retirement. A lack of operating room system changes to prevent workplace injury and disability was noted by 85% of the responders although only 3% reported their disability to their department.
Occupational MSK symptoms and disability is common amongst Canadian vascular surgeons. Further research is needed to create programs to improve surgeon morbidity.
Occupational MSK symptoms and disability is common amongst Canadian vascular surgeons. Further research is needed to create programs to improve surgeon morbidity.
Preoperative vein mapping prior to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft (AVG) placement has been debated as a possible means of improving hemodialysis access patient outcomes. However, there is a lack of high-quality national studies that address this relationship. Here, we sought to assess the association of preoperative vein mapping with hemodialysis access configuration and outcomes.
This cohort study analyzed all patients undergoing AVF or AVG placement captured in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) Hemodialysis Access dataset between August 2011 and September 2019. Patients were stratified by whether or not they underwent vein mapping. Primary outcomes were access configuration (AVF vs. AVG) and location (upper arm vs. forearm) (configuration outcomes); and successful initiation of hemodialysis, maintenance of secondary patency, and need for reintervention one year after index operation (longitudinal outcomes).
Overall, 85.6% of 46,010 included patients underwent preoperative vein mapping. AVFs ss configurations and outcomes in real-world practice. These data suggest that the use of preoperative vein mapping may improve the likelihood of favorable outcomes for patients requiring hemodialysis access.
To prospectively determine the rate of radial artery occlusion in patients undergoing transradial access for intra-arterial interventions.
Seventy-seven patients undergoing transradial access from August 2019 to March 2021 for 120 intra-arterial procedures (Y90 mapping [n=39] and radioembolization [n=38], uterine artery embolization [n=19], transarterial chemoembolization [n=10], active bleed embolization [n=8], AML embolization [n=4], and other [n=2]) were enrolled. The average patient age was 59 ± 13.1 (30-90) with 43/77 (55.8%) male. Patients underwent radial artery (RA) palpation, ultrasound evaluation, Barbeau test, and reverse Barbeau test prior to and following the intervention. 114/120 (95%) patients received verapamil, nitroglycerin, and heparin prior to starting the procedure. The incidence of RA occlusion and spasm was calculated, and univariate logistic regression was performed to analyze predictors of RA spasm.
Pre-procedural RA diameter (3.0 ± 0.67 mm) was not significantly different from post-procedural RA diameter (3.0 ± 0.65 mm, p=0.904). The RAO rate was determined to be 0.8% (1/120). Due to the low number of occlusions, statistical analysis of predictors of RAO was not performed. The rate of radial artery spasm was 22.7% (27/119). None of the variables tested - including age, sex, RA diameter, initial vs. repeat access, operator experience, and artery puncture technique - showed significant prediction for RA spasm. Patients were seen for follow-up after 111/120 (92.5%) procedures.
Transradial access may have a lower rate of RAO than reported in prior literature and the risk of RAO can be mitigated with institutional protocols that standardize access technique.
Transradial access may have a lower rate of RAO than reported in prior literature and the risk of RAO can be mitigated with institutional protocols that standardize access technique.