The purpose of the work was to assess the state of bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria infection in Russia in order to establish possible reasons for the decrease in the release of C. diphtheriae. The Reference Center for Monitoring the Pathogens of Measles, Rubella, Mumps, Pertussis and Diphtheria in 2018 in 85 subjects of Russia conducted a questionnaire of laboratories of medical organizations and the Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, carrying out bacteriological studies for diphtheria infection. It was found that the number of studies conducted over the five-year period decreased by 1.2 times. The tendency to decrease the number of bacteriological studies for diphtheria is observed in the territories of almost all federal districts. In 99% and 29% of cases, the institutions of the FBUZ Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology and medical organizations (MO) and use in their work documents regulating bacteriological studies for diphtheria infection. In a number of territories, the list drawing the attention of specialists to the problem of improving the quality of laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria in Russia.The purpose of the work is to determine the species, quantitative composition and frequency of occurrence of microorganisms in the oral fluid and large intestine in healthy young men and having arterial hypertension, and metabolic disorders. A survey was conducted of 51 young students studying at Tver State Medical University. It was found that more than 70% of students with AH (arterial hypertension) and MBN (metabolic disorders) showed pronounced dysbiotic disorders of the intestinal microbiota of II and III degree with a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and an increase in the number and frequency of occurrence of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium spp., S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The intestinal microbiocenosis of students with AH and MS is characterized by a decrease in the number and frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus spp. However, with MS, the prevalence (frequency) and quantity increase Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and in hypertension - Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus spp.Studied 74 E. coli strains isolated from stool samples (60) and urine samples (14) of patients examined for clinical indications. Molecular methods included PCR with electrophoretic detection of genes associated with diarrheal E. coli pathogroup EAgEC (aggR, aaf, aap, aatA, pet, ast, aai) and ExPEC pathogroup UPEC (pap, sfa, afa, kpsMT II, iutA, hlyA, cnf), MLST typing, whole genome sequencing. Strains isolated from stool samples were significantly more likely (88.3%, p > 0.05) to be typical EAgECaggR+ compared to atypical EAgECaggR-. Strains isolated from urine samples, significant differences between typical and atypical EAgEC were not detected (p > 0.05). Genes associated with ExPEC were present in all strains isolated from urine samples and in 45 strains (75%) isolated from stool samples. Coproisolates belonged to 10 serogroups and 13 serovars O3H2, O11H10, O16H48, O51H30, O55H21, O73H18, O73H33, O86H2, O86H10, O92H33, O140H2, O159H10. Two strains had unique nucleotide sequences of genes encoding O-antigens that were missing from the SerotypeFinder database. 80% of EAgEC isolated from feces and urine was characterized by an enteroaggregative/uropathogenic genotype (EAgEC/UPEC). Most of the strains isolated from urine belonged to the virulent clone of high-risk epidemic spread ST 38 associated with hybrid strains of UPEC / EAgEC.The problem of diphtheria infection remains relevant, since the circulation of toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae persists in the body of bacterial carriers, despite ongoing vaccination. The lecture presents modern ideas about the properties of the pathogen, its pathogenicity factors (toxin, pili, surface proteins (67-72P (or DIP0733), DIP1281, etc.) and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease.. Information about the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and modern methods of laboratory diagnostics of diphtheria is presented. The algorithm of bacteriological research and methods for determining the toxigenic properties of the pathogen are described. The basics of diphtheria vaccination as the only effective means of preventing mass outbreaks of this disease are considered in the framework of the proposed lecture. Knowledge of the peculiarities of the circulation of strains of Corynebacterium diphtheria in modern conditions, pathogenetic and clinical-epidemiological features of diphtheria, as well as modern methods of laboratory diagnostics is important and necessary for students of medical schools and infectious diseases doctors, pediatricians, bacteriologists, therapists, pulmonologists, epidemiologists, etc.Test kit for detection of IgG-antibodies to individual antigens of Toxoplasma gondii by immune blotting («Western blot» format) has been developed. Laboratory testing with first international WHO standard «Anti-toxoplasma serum (IgG), human, Lyophilized, 20 IU / ampoule» (NIBSC, Great Britain) demonstrated the analytical sensitivity of the new kit equal to 10 IU / ml. Study of the diagnostic efficiency of the new kit showed its high sensitivity, equal to 98.51 - 100%, and high specificity, equal to 99.5 - 100%. New test kit is intended for confirmatory testing in laboratory diagnostics of toxoplasmosis.The study presents the results of the creation and evaluation of the diagnostic characteristics of the rapid immunochromatographic test for the qualitative detection and differentiation of IgM/IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum, plasma, and whole blood "ИХА-COVID-19-IgM / IgG". Have been tested some samples without antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and a samples with two and one type of specific antibodies. The coincidence of the results of immunochromatographic analysis with the results of the immunochemiluminescent method was 87.2%. Test kit can be use as the rapid diagnostic test in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the immune status of convalescents.A new original Russian test kit for the detection of IgG-antibodies to the causative agent of COVID-19 - coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a solid-phase «ELISA-SARS-CoV-2-AT-G» has been developed. In comparative tests with similar test systems «Vitrotest® SARS-CoV-2 IgG» (Vitrotest, Ukraine) and «Anti-SARS-Cov-2 ELISA (IgG)» (EUROIMMUN AG, Germany) high diagnostic efficiency of the new test system was shown.During the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection one of the most serious complications is pneumonia. When entering a specialized pulmonology Department, the presence of pneumonia is confirmed by computed tomography (CT), the etiology is confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR, the article analyzes the indicators of blood analysis when patients are admitted to the hospital. All admitted patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 of the study - with a new coronavirus infection Covid-19, confirmed by the detection of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2 (n=27). Group 2 consisted of 65 patients (70.7%) with lung tissue damage characteristic of Covid-19 according to CT, who had a negative analysis of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2. Statistically significant deviations were shown in a decrease in the percentage and absolute content of lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets, and an increase in neutrophils. The comparative analysis in the groups with positive and negative PCR analysis for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA showed no statistically significant differences. It can be assumed that with the similarity of clinical manifestations and CT-data, a negative result of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2 can be diagnosed as «lung damage caused by COVID-19 infection».Results of ELISA investigation of the pretreatment sPD-1 and sPD-L1 content in blood serum of 133 bone neoplasms patients aged 6-70 years and 57 practically healthy control persons aged 12-70 years are described. In 14 patients the neoplasms were of a benign character, in 16 - borderline giant-cell bone tumor was diagnosed, and in 103 - malignant bone lesions including 39 osteosarcomas and 42 chondrosarcomas were revealed. The sPD-1 receptor concentrations in blood serum did not differ between control healthy persons and primary bone tumor patients, while serum sPD-L1 level in bone tumor patients was statistically significantly increased (p less then 0.0000001). By means of ROC curve construction a cut-off sPD-L1 level of 16.5 pg/ml was found that imposed 75,9% sensitivity and 75,4% specificity in relation to healthy control. However, the frequency of sPD-L1 levels exceeding 16.5 pg/ml was approximately similar in benign, borderline and malignant bone tumor patients. Analysis of the pattern of sPD-1 and sPD-Lal grade, localization in the osseous system, and type of affected bone. Thus, it can be concluded that the ratio between circulating soluble forms of the receptor and the ligand of PD-1/PD-L signaling pathway differs between patients with chondrogenic and those with osteogenic tumors, sPD-L1 being diagnostically valuable mostly for chondrogenic bone neoplasms.The transition to online learning in spring 2020 was abrupt for both students and instructors. While many instructors moved to asynchronous classes, some institutions relied more heavily on synchronous online courses. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nazartinib-egf816-nvs-816.html Here, we evaluate student perceptions of an inquiry-based molecular biology lecture and lab course following this transition by comparing student survey responses from spring 2019, when the lecture and lab were fully in person, to spring 2020, when the lecture and lab started in person before transitioning to a synchronous online format. Students were asked to identify the main factors that supported their learning in lecture and lab, characterize the main barriers to learning in those courses, and discuss their preference of having an inquiry-based lab or a traditional "cookbook" lab with pre-determined answers. We coded these responses and provide one of the first studies to examine the impact of this online transition on student perceptions of learning in an inquiry-based molecular biology lecture and lab course.Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a super-resolution microscopy technique that overcomes the diffraction limit by analyzing intensity fluctuations of statistically independent emitters in a time series of images. The final images are background-free and show confocality and enhanced spatial resolution (super-resolution). Fluorophore photobleaching, however, is a key limitation for recording long time series of images that will allow for the calculation of higher order SOFI results with correspondingly increased resolution. Here, we demonstrate that photobleaching can be circumvented by using fluorophore labels that reversibly and transiently bind to a target, and which are being replenished from a buffer which serves as a reservoir. Using fluorophore-labeled short DNA oligonucleotides, we labeled cellular structures with target-specific antibodies that contain complementary DNA sequences and record the fluctuation events caused by transient emitter binding. We show that this concept bypasses extensive photobleaching and facilitates two-color imaging of cellular structures with SOFI.