The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were effectively inhibited by all the solvent extracted fractions from the fruits while aqueous fraction was not able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis. The growth of Candida albicans was effectively inhibited by ethyl acetate extracted fraction from leaves at 3 mg disc-1 concentration.TGF-β signal pathway activation is vital in the pathogenesis of DKD. We aim to investigate the role of Yishenhuoxue formula on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction in DKD rats. 60 male adult Wistar rats were enrolled and randomly allocated into four groups N group, M group (given STZ 60mg/kg, ip), H group (given Yishenhuoxue formula 1.0g/kg/day, ig) and L group (given Yishenhuoxue formula 0.5g/kg/day, ig). The levels of BW, 24h UV, SCr, UCr, mALB were measured after 8 weeks treatment, while the levels of KW/BW index, CCr and UAER were calculated by relevant formula. The rats' left kidneys were harvested to detect histological changes by PAS staining and right kidneys were harvested to detect the levels of TGF-β, Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad 2/3, Smad 7 and CTGF by western blot analysis. We found that Yishenhuoxue formula treatment can protect kidneys from DKD injury, which is illustrated with following criteria 1) a significant decrement in KW/BW index, 24h UV, SCr, mALB and UAER, while a significant increment in BW, UCr, CCr (p less then 0.05 vs. M group); 2) minor and segmental changes as slight expansion of the glomerular basement membrane compared with M group; 3) an apparent decrease in levels of TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad 2/3 and CTGF, while an apparent increase in levels of Smad 2/3 and Smad7 compared with M group (p less then 0.05). The studies confirm that Yishenhuoxue formula has strong inhibitory effect on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction in DKD rats' kidneys by decreasing expression of TGF-β1, weakening of Smad 2/3 phosphorylation and increasing expression of Smad 7.Three substituted flavone derivatives have been synthesized from substituted O-hydroxy acetophenones and 4-trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde in good yield. These compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray Diffraction. Compound F1 and F3 were re-crystallized from their concentrated solutions in chloroform ethyl acetate mixture while F2 was re-crystallized in ethyl acetate n-hexane mixture. Compound F1 and F3 are monoclinic (space group P21/c) with lattice parameters [a, b, c (A) / β (°)] = 13.332 (2), 15.616 (2) / 6.2898 (8) and 13.9716 (15), 7.1868 (7), 13.6912 (14) / 91.113(6) respectively. Compound F2 is Triclinic (space group P-1) and has lattice parameters [a, b, c (Å) / α, β, γ (°)] = 6.5002 (6), 8.3801 (9), 13.5989 (14) / 89.348(5), 85.141(4), 84.521(5). Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic profile was investigated. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bi-2493.html The compounds showed moderate to less activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H/2/O/2) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) models of radical scavenging activity while promising antibacterial potentials were recorded. Furthermore, these molecules can also be used as potential candidates for new antitumor agents.This is a new expanded method of determining the characterisation of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica (kelp) in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. We tagged fucoidan by fluoresce in isothiocyanate (FITC) for tracking and treated the plasma samples via protein precipitation with 10% trichloroacetic acid and methanol. Column chromatography separation was on a TSK-G4000sw column (7.8 mm × 300 mm, 5 mm) by elution with 0.15 M NaCl. The quantification of fucoidan was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results suggested that the calibration curve for fucoidan concentration was linear dependent in the limits of 0.5-100μg/mL. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.5μg/mL and the lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 0.15μg/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision values were less than 13%and the accuracy ranged from 96.83 to 100.03% at 3 different concentrations. The fucoidan stability of rat plasma at different temperatures and time-points was estimated. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 93.33 to 96.53%and the matrix effect ranged from 92.67 to 95.83%. Method selectivity was evaluated as well. We successfully studied the pharmacokinetic of fucoidan in rat plasma after oral by the validated method. Fucoidan was administered to rats intravenously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The Cmax was 7.33μg/mL within 2 h by oral administration; The initial Cmax was 75.59μg/mL. The bioavailability of fucoidan after oral administration to rats was 8.91%.AIMS This study evaluated associations between coronary collaterals and myocardial viability assessed by quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with a chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO). METHODS AND RESULTS 218 patients with a CTO who underwent CMR between 2013-2018 were included. A concomitant collateral connection (CC) score 2 and Rentrop grade 3 defined well-developed collaterals in 146 (67%) patients, whereas lower CC scores or Rentrop grades characterized poorly-developed collaterals. Dysfunctional myocardium (50%) was observed in only 5% of CTO segments. In the CTO territory, SWT was higher (3.72±1.51 vs. 3.05±1.60mm, p less then 0.01) and extent of scar was lower (7.0 [0.1-16.7] vs. 13.1% [2.8-22.2], p=0.048) in patients having well-developed vs. poorly-developed collaterals. Viability was more prevalent in CTO segments among patients with poorly-developed vs. well-developed collaterals (44% vs. 30% of segments, p less then 0.01), predominantly due to higher prevalence of dysfunctional myocardium (51% vs. 34% of segments, p less then 0.01) in the poorly-developed collateral group. CONCLUSIONS The infarcted area in myocardium subtended by a CTO is generally limited. Well-developed collaterals are associated with less myocardial scar and enhanced preserved function. However, viability was regularly present in patients with poorly-developed collaterals.