No significant difference in distance keepings in post- compared to pre-platoon driving occurred. Qualitative data give hints on difficulties, when switching back to regular truck driving. CONCLUSION The results implicate that small gap sizes are perceived as comfortable by drivers and that platoon driving has an influence on subsequent manual driving. APPLICATION Countermeasures to behavioral adaptations should be considered in order to ensure a safe conduction of platoon driving.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease among young adults. The diagnosis of this disease usually leads to uncertainty, stress, and anxiety, which in turn can lead to negative outcomes. Consequently, the development of healthy lifestyle strategies can lead to better emotional management of perceived stress. Due to the importance of the patient's emotional response during the development and management of the disease and the repercussions of the cognitive deficits, the objective of this study is to develop a mindfulness-based intervention to provide to patients a tool for stress management. This study offers data on neuropsychological, functional and emotional outcomes in a sample of 30 patients with remitting relapsing form of MS after one year of intervention compared to 30 controls. We tested a model of intervention with a program of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, based on an adapted Jon Kabat-Zinn's MBSR program. Results showed cognitive and emotional benefits after one year following this program. Discussion about the opportunities of these types of intervention in neurological diseases is provided in light of results obtained. This study represents pioneering research in MS and psychological treatment of this neurological autoimmune disease and it offers positive results of applying mindfulness-based intervention in this population.Gastrocutaneous fistulas (GCF) following removal of gastrostomy tubes are an uncommon complication with many therapeutic options. It is a drawback that concerns both patient and surgeon, hindering the decision to perform an invasive treatment. Despite emerging minimally invasive procedures, we must not forget that surgery continues to be the standard treatment when they all fail.The small bowell (SB) is a very long organ hardly accessible to conventional endoscopy. The revolution entailed by its complete diagnostic exploration with capsule endoscopy (CE) has led to a change in traditional surgical management and its related gold standard - intraoperative enteroscopy. CE is currently the first-line diagnostic strategy for the SB. An emergent technique in its wake has played a key role in the management of patients with SB conditions to wit, device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE). Thus were developed first double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), then single-balloon enteroscopy, and most recently motorized spiral enteroscopy.The simplest molecular dimer, H2-H2, poses a challenge to both experiment and theory as a system with a multidimensional energy surface that supports only a single weakly bound quantum state. Here, we provide a direct experimental image of the structure of hydrogen dimers [(H2)2, H2-D2, and (D2)2] obtained via femtosecond laser-induced Coulomb explosion imaging. Our results indicate that hydrogen dimers are not restricted to a particular geometry but rather occur as a mixture of all possible configurations. The measured intermolecular distance distributions were used to deduce the isotropic intermolecular potential as well as the binding energies of the dimers.Density functional theory mechanistic study of the nickel-catalyzed reductive alkyne-alkyne cyclodimerization with CH3OH/BEt3 unveils that, after forming a nickel-alkyne π complex, the reaction prefers outer-sphere proton transfer rather than the common alkyne-alkyne oxidative cyclization. The outperformance of aminophosphine ligand (L1) is attributed to its bidentate coordination that favors the proton transfer, the labile -NH2 and strong electron-donating -PPh2 arms and adequate Ni-P distance that allow the hydrogen transfer of the ethyl group of MeO-BEt3-.Three-dimensional (3D) lithiophilic host is one of the most effective ways to regulate the Li dendrites and volume change in working Li metal anode. The state-of-the-art 3D lithiophilic hosts are facing one main challenge in that the lithiophilic layer would melt or fall off in high-temperature environment when using the thermal infusion method. Herein, a 3D porous CuZn alloy host containing anchored lithiophilic Zn sites is employed to prestore Li using the thermal infusion strategy, and a 3D composite Li is thus fabricated. Benefiting from the lithiophilic Zn sites with a strong adsorption capacity with Li, which is based on the analyses of the nucleation overpotential, binding energy calculation, and the operando optical observation of Li plating/stripping behaviors, facile uniform Li nucleation and dendrite-free Li deposition could be achieved in the interior of the 3D porous CuZn alloy host and the 3D composite Li shows remarkable enhancement in electrochemical performance.Reported herein is the utilization of bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methylzinc halides, whose structures are characterized via single-crystal X-ray analysis, as solid storable reagents for copper-catalyzed coupling with vinyliodonum salts. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and shows broad scope with respect to vinyliodonium salts, affording various α-boryl-substituted allylboronate esters in good yields. Synthetic applications of the obtained products are also demonstrated.A one-pot, sequential process that combines a trans-selective hydroalumination of propargyl alcohols and amines with a copper- or silver-catalyzed carboxylation reaction using carbon dioxide, followed by an acid-mediated intramolecular condensation step, led to the formation of a wide range of α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactones and lactams.The thiol-ene reaction is one of the fundamental reactions in biochemistry and synthetic organic chemistry. In this study, the effect of polar media on the reaction kinetics is taken into account by using the transition state theory; the reactivities of the carbon and sulfur radicals have also been rationalized by using conceptual DFT. The results have shown that the solvents have more impact on hydrogen atom transfer reactions and the chain transfer rate constant, kCT, can be increased by using nonpolar solvents, while propagation reactions are less sensitive to media. Similarly, the kP/kCT ratio can be manipulated by changing the environment in order to obtain tailor-made polymers. Regarding the DFT descriptors, the local and global electrophilicity indices are well correlated with the propagation rate constant kP, whereas the global electrophilicity index is associated with the chain transfer rate constant kCT. Overall, electrophilicity indices can be used with confidence to predict the kinetics of thiol-ene reactions.We synthesized a double-walled knotted cage from a flexible tripodal ligand. The characteristic double-walled structure provided a unique adaptive behavior of the cavity upon inclusion of organic molecules, which was evidenced by NMR and X-ray measurements. The semiflexible host framework, restricted by the knotted topology, enabled kinetic molecular recognition revealing the sequential binding of two different guests from their mixture.Hollow nanoparticles such as polymersomes have promising potentials in many fields. However, the design and construction of higher-order polymersomes with precisely controlled spatial compartments is still very challenging. Herein, we report a unique tetrapod polymersome that is assembled by the controlled fusion of four traditional spherical polymersomes. This original species was prepared from poly(ethylene oxide)113-b-poly[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl methacrylate61-stat-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate23] [PEO113-b-P(TBA61-stat-DEA23)] in DMF/water at lower water content (Cw), where PEO acts as corona forming block. To unravel the secret behind the tetrapod polymersomes, a series of block copolymers with various comonomer types and degrees of polymerization were synthesized and self-assembled. PEO113-b-PTBA80 self-assembles into spherical micelles in DMF/water, and the subsequent evolution into tripod and multipod micelles and finally micelle clusters was achieved by increasing Cw. This suggests that relatively rigid TBA is a "pro-fusion" component that facilitates particle-particle fusion due to its providential hydrophobicity and chain mobility. When one-fourth of TBA of PEO113-b-PTBA80 is substituted by DEA, spherical polymersomes of PEO113-b-P(TBA61-stat-DEA23) are born in DMF/water and then fused into dipod, tripod (Cw = 95%), and finally tetrapod polymersomes (Cw = 100%) upon increasing Cw, suggesting that flexible DEA is not only a promoter for hollow pods but also an "anti-fusion" component that can compromise with pro-fusion force for its high chain mobility. The formation of either tetrapod polymersomes or micelle clusters is a matter of balance between pro-fusion and anti-fusion forces. Overall, we provide a fresh insight for the preparation of tetrapod polymersomes as well as other higher-order structures with precisely defined spatial compartments by fusion-induced particle assembly (FIPA).Hydrogen bonds are one of the most important directional intermolecular interactions and play key roles in chemical and biochemical systems, but there is still a lack of prediction and understanding of their control. Herein, hydrogen-binding energy (EHB) acted as a driving force for controllably reconstructing hydrogen bonds with molecular scissors. We related hydrogen-binding energies of the donor-acceptor couple (EHB,2) and the donor itself (EHB,1) and ΔG based on ΔG = a1EHB,1 + a2EHB,2 + a3. When EHB,1 and EHB,2 satisfy the condition ΔG less then 0, the acceptor is predicted as molecular scissors with sufficient reconstruction capacity in breaking the initial hydrogen bonds and forming new ones. Remarkably, we developed an experimental method to determine the EHB values by a linear equation as a function of chemical shifts (δ) ([Formula see text]), which is innovational since in the former research EHB can only be deduced from empirical formulas and DFT calculation. On that basis, the hydrogen bonds of α-cellulose were broken and re-formed in molecular scissors-consisting deep eutectic solvents, leading to the white powder transforming into a hydrogel and colorless and transparent thin film materials with distinct crystalline structure, surface flatness, and morphology.A modified structure Ca(Mg0.8Al0.2)(Si1.8Al0.2)O6 (denoted as CMASO) from the evolution of CaMgSi2O6 (denoted as CMSO) codoped with Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions was designed successfully by solid reaction method for application in phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diode (pc-wLED). The Rietveld refinement of these two structures verified the changes derived from the replacement of some of the Mg2+ and Si4+ ions by Al3+ ions. The band gaps were calculated by density-functional theory (DFT) calculation method to verify the change of Al3+ ions replacing further, and the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) proved the veracity of the calculation result. The phosphors CMASOCe3+ showed blue emission excited by a wider excitation wavelength from 280 nm to 370 nm. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bi-3812.html The change of structure lead to the absorbable range broaden and the emission peak shifted to longer wavelength, compared with CMSOCe3+, although the amount of emitting center was the same. The reason for these phenomena was discussed in detail. The codoped phosphors CMASOCe3+,Tb3+ exhibited different emission colors from blue to green as the concentration of Tb3+ ions increased.