Previous studies have reported different methods of estrogen administration during endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). This study aimed to investigate a beneficial regimen of transdermal estrogen administration for FET.

We investigated the reproductive and obstetric outcomes of FET by comparing the increasing dose (ID) group that mimics changes in serum estradiol during the menstrual cycle and the constant dose (CD) group. Transdermal patches were used for estrogen administration in both groups. In our hospital, we targeted 315 cycles of the ID group in which FET was performed in 2017 and 324 cycles of the CD group in which FET was performed in 2018. In all cases, single embryo transfer was performed.

All were singleton pregnancies. There was no difference in clinical pregnancy rate (28.9% vs 28.2%,
=.837) and live birth rate (17.3% vs 21.4%,
=.201) between the ID and CD groups. Spontaneous abortion rate was significantly lower in the CD group than in the ID group (37.2% vs 23.0%,
=.041). There was no difference in obstetrical outcomes.

It was considered that the simple CD regimen may be more beneficial than the complicated ID regimen.
It was considered that the simple CD regimen may be more beneficial than the complicated ID regimen.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the increasing diseases with aging society. The basis of ED derived from local penile abnormality is poorly understood because of the complex three-dimensional (3D) distribution of sinusoids in corpus cavernosum (CC). Understanding the 3D histological structure of penis is thus necessary. Analyses on the status of regulatory signals for such abnormality are also performed.

To analyze the 3D structure of sinusoid, 3D reconstruction from serial sections of murine CC were performed. Histological analyses between young (2months old) and aged (14months old) CC were performed. As for chondrogenic signaling status of aged CC, SOX9 and RBPJK staining was examined.

Sinusoids prominently developed in the outer regions of CC adjacent to tunica albuginea. Aged CC samples contained ectopic chondrocytes in such regions. Associating with the appearance of chondrocytes, the expression of SOX9, chondrogenic regulator, was upregulated. The expression of RBPJK, one of the Notch signal regulators, was downregulated in the aged CC.

Prominent sinusoids distribute in the outer region of CC which may possess important roles for erection. A possibility of ectopic chondrogenesis induced by alteration of SOX9/Notch signaling with aging is indicated.
Prominent sinusoids distribute in the outer region of CC which may possess important roles for erection. A possibility of ectopic chondrogenesis induced by alteration of SOX9/Notch signaling with aging is indicated.
To determine how subcategorizing unexplained infertility based on female laparoscopy and total-motile-sperm-count assessment would impact cumulative live-births after one in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle.

Seven hundred twenty one IVF cycles from Jan 2014-April 2019 performed at a single-center were retrospectively analyzed. Couples with unexplained infertility having normal uterine and endometrial morphology were subcategorized into three cohorts, UI (1) those with no tuboperitoneal pathology on laparoscopy and total-motile-sperm-count (TMSC) ≧20 million n=103; UI (2) tuboperitoneal pathology on laparoscopy or TMSC <20 million, n=86; and UI(3) tuboperitoneal status not known n=114. Controls were severe male factor, bilateral tubal block, and grade 3/4 endometriosis n=418. Primary Outcome was cumulative-live-birth-per-initiated-IVF cycle (CLBR). Odds ratio for live-births were adjusted for confounding factors.

The CLBR in UI1 cohort was significantly lower than controls (29.1% vs 39; OR=0.62; 95%CI=ory with abnormal laparoscopy or TMSC, CLBR remained unaffected. This information could be useful for counseling couples prior to IVF. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Eloxatin.html Large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm this observation.
This study determined the effect of laser-assisted hatching on the clinical and neonatal outcomes of single vitrified blastocyst transfer.

From June 2014 to March 2018, 289 matched pairs after propensity score matching were analyzed. During the blastocyst warming procedure, a small section of the zona pellucida area in the empty perivitelline space was sliced off using multiple laser beams. The clinical and neonatal outcomes of the laser-treated group and non-treatment control were analyzed.

In the laser-assisted hatching group, significantly higher rates of clinical pregnancy (40.8% vs 29.4%,
<.01) and live delivery (34.3% vs 22.5%,
<.01) were observed compared to the control group. Other variables such as the average gestational weeks, the sex of the baby, birthweight, or congenital malformations were found to have no significant differences in neonatal outcomes. Moreover, all babies were singleton live births.

Single vitrified blastocyst transfer treated with laser-assisted hatching increases the live birth rate and has no adverse effects on neonatal outcomes.
Single vitrified blastocyst transfer treated with laser-assisted hatching increases the live birth rate and has no adverse effects on neonatal outcomes.
To compare the clinical outcomes of embryo transfers that were cryopreserved and thawed two or three times with those cryopreserved and thawed once by CryoTip.

Data for 388 single cryopreserved-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles, performed from April 2012 to March 2014, were assessed. The blastocysts were classified into three groups blastocysts (A) cryopreserved once, (B) cryopreserved twice, and (C) cryopreserved three times.

The pregnancy rate was 43.8% (134/306) in group A and 46.3% (38/82) in group B, while the miscarriage rate was 29.1% (39/134) in group A and 23.7% (9/38) in group B. The rate of improvement/maintenance of blastocyst grade was 84.0% (257/306) in group A and 80.5% (66/82) in group B. The pregnancy and miscarriage rates of the blastocysts that showed improvement/maintenance in the grade were 45.9% (118/257) and 29.7% (35/118) in group A and 48.5% (32/66) and 21.9% (7/32) in group B, respectively. The pregnancy rate was 33.3% (2/6), while the miscarriage rate was 0.0% (0/2) in group C.