In conclusion, this study shows that Eurasian griffon vultures in north-eastern Spain are carriers of widespread AMR zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter. More comprehensive analyses are still needed to understand the potential risk of spill-over from those wild birds to humans.The comprehensive consideration of climate warming and by-product management in the iron and steel industry, has a significant impact on the realization of environmental protection and green production. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS), collectively called iron and steel slags, are the main by-products of steelmaking. The economical and efficient use of iron and steel slags to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper reviewed the carbonization and waste heat recovery of iron and steel slags, and the utilization of iron and steel slags as soil amendments, discussed their application status and limitations in GHG reduction. Iron and steel slags are rich in CaO, which can be used as CO2 adsorbents to achieve a maximum concentration of 0.4-0.5 kg CO2/kg SS. Blast furnace molten slag contains a considerable amount of waste heat, and thermal methods can recover more than 60 % of the heat energy. Chemical methods can use waste heat in the reaction to generate gas fuel, and iron in slags can be used as a catalytic component to promote chemical reaction. Waste heat recovery saves fuel and reduces the CO2 emissions caused by combustion. When iron and steel slags are used as soil amendments, the iron oxides, alkaline substances, and SiO2 in iron and steel slags can affect the emission of CH4, N2O, and CO2 from soil, microorganisms, and crops, and achieve a maximum reduction of more than 60 % of the overall GHG of paddy fields. Finally, This paper provided valuable suggestions for future GHG reduction studies of iron and steel slags in energy, industry, and agriculture.In contrast to research on heat waves, there are no studies in recent years that analyze the temporal evolution of threshold temperatures (Tthreshold) for extremely cold days (ECD). It is unknown whether threshold temperatures have increased more quickly than the minimum daily temperature (Tmin) in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal evolution of the minimum daily temperature (Tmin) in a group of Spanish provinces and compare it with the evolution of threshold temperatures. An ecological, retrospective time series study was carried out using daily observations between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 2018 (36 years) in 10 provinces that are representative of the different climate territories in Spain. For each representative observatory in each province, the values of Tmin were obtained for the winter months (November-March). The value of Tthreshold was determined for each province and each year, using dispersion diagrams for the pre-whitened series, with daily mortality due to natural causes displayed on the Y axis (CIEX A00-R99) and Tmin grouped by 10 degree intervals on the X axis. To determine the temporal evolution of Tmin and Tthreshold for each province, linear models were fitted, with time as the independent variable. During the winter months, Tmin increased at an average rate of 0.2 °C/decade (IC95 0.1-0.3), while Tthreshold remained practically constant during the period, at 0.1 °C/decade (IC95% -0.1 0.3). These values are much lower than those obtained in the case of heat, both in terms of the evolution of maximum daily temperature and that of Tthreshold. In conclusion, the fact that this trend has been maintained across time in a scenario of climate change, with a slow increase in minimum daily temperatures and constant values of Threshold, suggests a decrease in the number of ECD.Accurately investigating long-term information about open-surface water bodies can contribute to water resource protection and management. However, due to the limits of big-data calculations for remote sensing, there has been no specific study on the long-term changes in the water bodies in the Yellow River Basin. Thus, in this study, we developed a new combined extraction rule to build an entire annual-scale open-surface water body dataset for 1986-2020 with excellent effectiveness in eliminating the interference of shadows in the Yellow River Basin using all of the available Landsat images. For the first time, the spatial distribution, change trends, conversion processes, and the heterogeneity of the surface water bodies in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed comprehensively to the best of our knowledge. The extraction results had an overall accuracy of 99.70 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.90, which were validated using 34,073 verification points selected on high-resolution Google Earth images and random Landsat images. The total area of water bodies initially decreased (1986-2000) and then increased (2001-2020); however, only the size of the permanent water bodies increased in most areas, while the size of most of the seasonal water bodies decreased. In regions with human-made water bodies, the non-water areas were substantially converted to seasonal and permanent water bodies; however, in areas with natural water bodies, many permanent and seasonal water bodies were gradually converted to non-water areas. Thus, most of the increases in the water bodies occurred in the form of artificial lakes and reservoirs, while most of the decreases in the water body area occurred in natural wetlands and lakes. The areas of both the permanent and seasonal water bodies were positively correlated with precipitation, but only the area of the seasonal water bodies was negatively correlated with temperature.Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the most toxic and ubiquitously present endocrine disrupting compounds. Numerous studies have shown that NP exposure induces liver injury, but the interactions between epigenetic factors and necroptosis in this context have not been examined. In this study, rats received daily NP administration (15, 45, and 135 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage over a 28-day period. The upregulation of lncRNA PVT1 was associated with the elevated expression of necroptosis-related proteins (ZBP1, RIPK3, MLKL, and p-MLKL). Moreover, similar effects were also observed after NP exposure in BRL-3A cells. LncRNA PVT1 was predominantly expressed in the nucleus, and ASO was chosen to knock down lncRNA PVT1 in BRL-3A cells. Experimental techniques such as RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to verify direct binding interactions among lncRNA PVT1, EZH2, DNMT1, and ZBP1. The evidence obtained indicated that lncRNA PVT1 could bind to DNMT1 via EZH2 and increase methylation at the ZBP1 promoter, thereby promoting necroptosis. Meanwhile, the demethylation of the highly expressed gene TET1 also promoted ZBP1 upregulation, inducing necroptosis. Taken together, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying liver injury in response to NP exposure. Hence, they lay a mechanistic foundation for the evaluation of NP biosafety.Despite their acute climatic susceptibility, the hot, arid Middle Eastern countries are among the world's largest energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). Nonetheless, no study has been conducted to decompose regionally the influential primary factors of the Middle East's carbon emissions. This study utilized the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method to fill this knowledge gap and investigate the driving forces of CO2 emissions in 12 Middle Eastern countries, namely, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen (1990-2020). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dasa-58.html The research confirmed that, with a contribution rate of 53.89 %, population growth is the primary driver of CO2 emissions in the Middle East, followed by energy intensity (31.97 %) and economic growth (18.42 %); and the most straightforward approach to reduce emissions, are boosting energy efficiency and reforming energy subsidies. It also concluded that the West Asian economy is gradually decoupling from CO2 due to the effective decarbonization of countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, based on the Tapio decoupling model results. Furthermore, each country's future emissions (2020-2026) were projected using a novel group method of data handling (GMDH) approach based on the main identified factors. The countries' decoupling status confirms the accuracy of the projected data on CO2 emissions growth. The region's CO2 emissions are expected to rise 13.28 % by 2026, with Syria and Yemen experiencing the most significant increases (129.45 % and 112.14 %, respectively) due to post-civil war economic growth. Other aspects of regional conflicts and migration impacts on the CO2 emission influencing factors were also explored. Indeed, besides providing a comprehensive analysis of the current and future status of CO2 emissions in the Middle East, the effects of military conflicts on CO2 emissions have been investigated using this regional case study for global application.To recycle fertilizing contents in wastewater activated sludge (WAS) is attracting increasing interest. Dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in WAS with high content are biologically active. In this work, the molecular composition of DOMs derived from two typical bio-stabilized WAS (DOMBWS), aerobic composting (DOMACS) and anaerobic digestion (DOMADS), were analyzed. The mitigative effect and molecular mechanisms of DOMBWS on rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd-stress were investigated. Our study indicated that DOMBWS significantly alleviated Cd-stress and facilitated growth recovery of rice seedlings with distinct absorption mechanisms. DOMACS, primarily composed of CHO class with low molecular weight rich in carboxyl groups, forming labile Cd-DOM complexes, which promoted Cd-absorption of rice seedlings. While DOMADS comprised large molecular weight of CHON class interacted with Cd to produce stable macromolecular complexes in the form of microaggregates, consequently reducing Cd-absorption. At transcriptional level, DOMBWS restored auxin signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways in root cells, and got the expression of glutathione S-transferase well. Besides, DOMACS significantly promoted the metabolism of amino acids to alleviate phytotoxicity, while DOMADS improved the DNA repair function of rice seedlings. These findings provided novel insights into land-use of bio-stabilized WAS for remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils and food security.Rangeland ecosystems are changing worldwide with the abandonment of extensive pastoralism practices and greater interest for species coexistence. However, the lack of compiled data on current changes in the abundance and distribution of herbivores challenges rangeland management decisions. Here we gathered and made available for the first time the most extensive set of occurrence data for rangeland herbivores in Iceland in an Open Access framework for transparent and repeatable science-based decisions. We mapped fine scale species distribution overlap to identify areas at risk for wildlife-livestock conflict and overgrazing. Nationwide and long term (1861-2021) occurrence data from 8 independent datasets were used alongside 11 predictor raster layers ("Big Data") to data mine and map the distribution of the domestic sheep (Ovis aries), feral reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus), and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta islandorum) over the country during the summer. Using algorithms of Maxent in R, RandomForest, TreeNet (stochastic gradient boosting) and MARS (Splines) in Minitab-SPM 8.