Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a nonobligate precursor of invasive cancer, and its detection, diagnosis, and management are controversial. DCIS incidence grew with the expansion of screening mammography programs in the 1980s and 1990s, and DCIS is viewed as a major driver of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. For pathologists, the diagnosis and classification of DCIS is challenging due to undersampling and interobserver variability. Understanding the progression from normal breast tissue to DCIS and, ultimately, to invasive cancer is limited by a paucity of natural history data with multiple proposed evolutionary models of DCIS initiation and progression. Although radiologists are familiar with the classic presentation of DCIS as asymptomatic calcifications at mammography, the expanded pool of modalities, advanced imaging techniques, and image analytics have identified multiple potential biomarkers of histopathologic characteristics and prognosis. Finally, there is growing interest in the nonsurgical management of DCIS, including active surveillance, to reduce overtreatment and provide patients with more personalized management options. However, current biomarkers are not adept at enabling identification of occult invasive disease at biopsy or accurately predicting the risk of progression to invasive disease. Several active surveillance trials are ongoing and are expected to better identify women with low-risk DCIS who may avoid surgery.Background It is unknown how the imperfect accuracy of MRI for local staging of prostate cancer relates to oncologic outcomes. Purpose To analyze how staging discordances between MRI and histopathologic evaluation relate to recurrence and survival after radical prostatectomy. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/qx77.html Materials and Methods Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective analysis of preprostatectomy T2-weighted prostate MRI (January 2001 to December 2006). Extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion were assessed by using five-point Likert scales; scores of 4 or higher were classified as positive. Biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastases, and prostate cancer-specific mortality rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. Results A total of 2160 patients (median age, 60 years; interquartile range, 55-64 years) were evaluated. Among patients with histopathologic extraprostatic (pT3) disease (683 of 2160; 32%), those with organ-confined disease at MRI (384 of 683; 56%) experienced better outes, and prostate cancer-specific mortality (P less then .001 for all analyses). Conclusion The local extent of prostate cancer at MRI is associated with oncologic outcomes after prostatectomy, independent of pathologic tumor stage. This might inform a strategy on how to integrate MRI into a clinical staging algorithm. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Gottlieb in this issue.
To investigate what format for providing patient information (i.e. written summary, infographic or video animation) is most effective for promoting correct beliefs about imaging and inevitable consequences of low back pain (LBP).

Randomised controlled trial.

One hundred and fifty-nine patients with non-specific LBP were recruited from outpatient physiotherapy clinics.

Participants were randomised to receive patient information in one of three formats video animation, infographic or written summary. Patients were allowed to read or watch the materials for up to 20 min.

Outcome were assessed before and immediately after the intervention. The primary outcome was the Back Beliefs Questionnaire. The secondary outcome was beliefs about imaging for LBP assessed by two questions.

All 159 patients completed the study. Our findings revealed no difference between groups for the Back Beliefs Questionnaire. Correct beliefs about imaging were more likely with the infographic than the video animation (Question 1- Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7, 8.7; Question 2- OR = 6.8, 95%CI 2.7, 17.2) and more likely with the written summary than the video animation (Question 1- OR = 3.3, 95%CI 1.5, 7.4; Question 2- OR = 3.7, 95%CI 1.6, 8.5). No difference between infographic and written summary formats were reported for the questions assessing LBP imaging beliefs.

The three materials were equally effective in improving patient's general beliefs about LBP care. However, the traditional written summary or infographic formats were more effective than the video animation format for improving beliefs about imaging for LBP.
The three materials were equally effective in improving patient's general beliefs about LBP care. However, the traditional written summary or infographic formats were more effective than the video animation format for improving beliefs about imaging for LBP.The ethics of research involving Aboriginal populations and low and middle-income country populations each developed out of a long history of exploitative research projects and partnerships. Commonalities and differences between the two fields have not yet been examined. This study undertook two independent literature searches for Aboriginal health research ethics and global health research ethics. Content analysis identified shared and differently emphasised ethical principles and concepts between the two fields. Shared ethical concepts like "benefit" and "capacity development" have been developed to guide collaborations in both Aboriginal health research and global health research. However, Aboriginal health research ethics gives much greater prominence to ethical principles that assist in decolonising research practice such as "self-determination", "community-control", and "community ownership". The paper argues that global health research ethics would benefit from giving greater emphasis to these principles to guide research practice, while justice as approached in global health research ethics may inform Aboriginal health research practice. With increasing attention being drawn to the need to decolonise global health research, the lessons Aboriginal health research ethics can offer may be especially timely.The aroma-active compounds in the extra, first, and third grades of ylang-ylang essential oils (YYEO) from Comoros and Madagascar were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with olfactometry (GC-MS/O) using an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) technique. In the previous study, the authors investigated differences in volatile compound profiles between YYEO of different grades and regions using GC coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID) and GC-MS. This study follows up with identification of the aroma-active compounds present in YYEO of various grades from both origins and to profile the aroma of those oils. For the first time, principal component analysis (PCA) on AEDA logarithmic flavor dilution (LFD) data was performed, in comparison with the corresponding PCA on GC-FID-MS data. Based on AEDA data, 21 aroma-active compounds were found across all samples and grades of YYEO, with 8 common ones previously identified by GC-FID. Linalool had the highest odor activity and is the major component of YYEO, followed by geraniol, although the latter only appeared as a much smaller peak in the chromatogram. Other trace compounds such as eugenol and vanillin were also found to be significant to the aroma of YYEO. Using PCA on resulting LFD data, YYEO from Comoros were found to have spicier odor qualities as compared to those from Madagascar. The main contributors that determine the difference in a spicy aroma profile of Comoros and Madagascar oils are vanillin, methyl eugenol, and trans-cinnamyl acetate.CpG methylation is one the most predominant epigenetic modification that has been recognized as a molecular-level biomarker for various human diseases. Taking advantage of methylation-dependent cleavage and encoding flexibility in nucleic acid functions and structures, we demonstrate the cooperative in situ assembly of G-quadruplex DNAzyme nanowires for one-step sensing of CpG methylation in human genomes. This nanodevice displays good specificity and high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.565 aM in vitro and 1 cell in vivo. It can distinguish 0.001% CpG methylation level from excess unmethylated DNA, quantify different CpG methylation targets from diverse human cancer cells, and even discriminate CpG methylation expressions between lung tumor and precancerous tissues. Importantly, this nanodevice can be performed isothermally in one step within 2 h in a label-free manner without any bisulfite conversion, fluorescence tagging, and PCR amplification process, providing a new platform for genomic methylation-related clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.In this study, electrodeposition combined with anodization was employed to prepare a nanoporous tin oxide film on a pure copper substrate. It was found that annealing temperature played a critically significant role in regulating the crystallinity, pore size, and contents of different oxidation states of the anodized tin oxide film to affect the electrochemical performance. The study verified that SnOx films treated by optimized annealing at 500 °C with precisely controlling the nanoporous morphology and crystallinity displayed competitive specific capacitance at an appropriate ratio of Sn4+ to Sn2+. A maximum specific capacitance of 86.2 mF/cm2 could be achieved at this temperature, and the capacitance retention rate still exceeded 90% even after 8000 charge-discharge cycles. With properly designed annealing treatment, we implemented tin film anodization to obtain an optimized electrode with significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, which shows a promising application in the electrochemical field to prepare electrodes.Single-strain cultivation of a mountain soil-derived Streptomyces sp. GA02 and its coculture with Pandoraea sp. GA02N produced two aromatic products, gwanakosides A and B (1 and 2, respectively). Their spectroscopic analysis revealed that 1 is a new dichlorinated naphthalene glycoside and 2 is a pentacyclic aromatic glycoside. The assignment of the two chlorine atoms in 1 was confirmed by the analysis of its band-selective CLIP-HSQMBC spectrum. The sugars in the gwanakosides were identified as 6-deoxy-α-l-talopyranose based on 1H-1H coupling constants, Rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) NMR correlations, and chemical derivatization followed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. The absolute configuration of 2, whose production was enhanced approximately 100-fold in coculture, was proposed based on a quantum mechanics-based chemical shift analysis method, DP4 calculations, and the chemically determined configuration of 6-deoxy-α-l-talopyranose. Gwanakoside A displayed inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 8 μg/mL) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC50 = 15 μg/mL), and antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines (IC50 = 5.6-19.4 μM).A bibliometric study of authors across medicinal chemistry journals over 20 years reveals important trends. Most United States (US) based authors are assigned as racially/ethnically Asian or White; few are Black or Hispanic. More US coauthors have the same race/ethnicity as the corresponding author than expected. The percentage of female authors increased globally, but only slowly. Since 2010, the number of female and male authors declined by 9% and 30%, respectively. Geographically, most authors are male except in Italy where there is gender balance. Gender homophily is observed globally. Geographically, the discipline is now more widely practiced. Article output doubled from 2000 to 2010 with a large increase in articles from China. China excepted, output has since declined. The average number of authors per article rose by a third since 2000. The value of high diversity groups in education, research, and industry cannot be overstated. We recommend diversity is addressed by every medicinal chemist.