Since the recognition of addiction as a mental illness, studies concerning treatment and therapeutic models have tended to focus on its psychiatric and psychological dimensions. The aim of this article is to highlight the centrality of the social dimension, not only as potential trigger of addictive behaviors and of stigma regarding these behaviors, but also as a variable that permeates diagnosis and treatment. The reflections are based on fieldwork carried out in rehabilitation centers for drug-consuming women in the border city of Tijuana, northwestern Mexico. The results show that the predominant therapeutic models in the city are based in and reproduce the traditional role of women. The social implications of this finding are analyzed, and it is suggested that these centers could be better utilized in the process of building a society with greater gender equality.In this paper we present an analysis of the parliamentary debates of the Gender Identity Law (No. 26743) and the Assisted Fertilization Law (No. 26862) carried out in the Argentine National Congress between 2011 and 2013. Using a qualitative content analysis technique, the stenographic records of the debates were analyzed to explore the following questions How was the public problem to which each law responds characterized? How was the mission of each law conceptualized? To what extent did those definitions call into question ideas of health and illness, in including in the public health system coverage for certain medical treatments of body optimization or modification? In the process of sanctioning both laws, the concepts of health and disease were put into dispute as moral categories. In this context, an expanded concept of comprehensive health arose, in which desires regarding reproduction and the body were included.This paper discusses from a sociological perspective one of Catholicism's fronts of public intervention in the development and enactment of health legislation. In particular we analyze the debate in parliamentary committees on the so-called "death with dignity" law (No. 26742), for which a group of bioethics experts was convened to counsel senators regarding the scope and limits of the law. The majority of the invited experts advocated a personalist bioethics perspective, which is a theological bioethics development of contemporary Catholicism. In the debate no representatives of other faiths were present, reinforcing the widely studied overlap between Catholicism and politics in Argentina.Following Giovanni Berlinguer's proposal that health/disease processes are one of the primary spies into the contradictions of a system, this article describes cases that occurred in central and peripheral capitalist contexts as well as in the so-called "real socialist" States that allow such a role to be seen. Secondly, we observe the processes and above all the interpretations developed in Latin America and especially Mexico regarding the role attributed to traditional medicine in the identity and sense of belonging of indigenous peoples, which emphasize the incompatibility of indigenous worldviews with biomedicine. To do so we analyze projects that were carried out under the notion of intercultural health, which in large part resulted in failure both in health and political terms. The almost entirely ideological content and perspective of these projects is highlighted, as is the scant relationship they hold with the reality of indigenous people. Lastly, the impact and role that the advance of these conceptualizations and health programs might have had in the disengagement experienced over the last nearly ten years in the ethnic movements of Latin America is considered.Schistocephalus solidus plerocercoids commonly infect three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus populations in brackish and freshwaters, but infections are typically absent from marine populations. Here we provide an experimental test of the salinity tolerance of S. solidus eggs, to determine the role of salinity in limiting the distribution of infection in coastal zones. We find that S. solidus eggs, derived from the in vitro culture of 3 different plerocercoids, developed normally in salinities of up to 12.5‰, but above this egg viability dropped rapidly, and no egg hatching was observed at salinities above 20‰. Our results are consistent with the distribution of infections in natural stickleback populations and add resolution to previous descriptive observations on salinity tolerance in S. solidus. They also demonstrate that S. solidus presents a novel disease challenge to marine populations of three-spined sticklebacks entering brackish and freshwater environments.The Keystone Symposium 'MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs in Cancer', Keystone, CO, USA, 7-12 June 2015 Since the discovery of RNAi, great efforts have been undertaken to unleash the potential biomedical applicability of small noncoding RNAs, mainly miRNAs, involving their use as biomarkers for personalized diagnostics or their usability as active agents or therapy targets. The research's focus on the noncoding RNA world is now slowly moving from a phase of basic discoveries into a new phase, where every single molecule out of many hundreds of cataloged noncoding RNAs becomes dissected in order to investigate these molecules' biomedical relevance. In addition, RNA classes neglected before, such as long noncoding RNAs or circular RNAs attract more attention. Numerous timely results and hypotheses were presented at the 2015 Keystone Symposium 'MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs in Cancer'.Rigorous testing of new HIV-prevention strategies is a time-consuming and expensive undertaking. Thus, making well informed decisions on which candidate-prevention approaches are most likely to provide the most benefit is critical to appropriately prioritizing clinical testing. In the case of biological interventions, the decision to test a given prevention approach in human trials rests largely on evidence of protection in preclinical studies. The ability of preclinical studies to predict efficacy in humans may depend on how well the model recapitulates key biological features of HIV transmission relevant to the question at hand. Here, we review our current understanding of the biology of HIV transmission based on data from animal models, cell culture, and viral sequence analysis from human infection. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html We summarize studies of the bottleneck in viral transmission; the characteristics of transmitted viruses; the establishment of infection; and the contribution of cell-free and cell-associated virus. We seek to highlight the implications of HIV-transmission biology for development of prevention interventions, and to discuss the limitations of existing preclinical models.
To describe survival data, CD4 T-cell long-term dynamics and the correlation between dynamics and events occurrence in 26 HIV-positive patients with refractory lymphoma in complete response after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Retrospective single-centre study.

Lymphoma relapse, second cancers and opportunistic infections were considered after ASCT. Group A included patients experiencing events after ASCT and group B the remaining patients. Overall survival, progression-free survival and event-free survival probabilities were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. The comparison of median CD4 T-cell count at cancer diagnosis with matched values was investigated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and between group A and B by Mann-Whitney U test.

With a median of 6-year follow-up, the overall survival, the progression-free survival and the event-free survival at 10 years were 91, 86 and 36%. Compared with CD4 T-cell count at cancer diagnosis a higher amount was maintained over time after ASCT. Two paong-term death occurred due to lymphoma relapse. ASCT seems to contribute to immune recovery.
This study assessed the effect of obesity on metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy with sustained virologic suppression.

Observational, comparative cohort study with three group-matched arms 35 nonobese and 35 obese HIV-infected persons on efavirenz, tenofovir and emtricitabine with plasma HIV-1 RNA  less than  50  copies/ml for more than 2 years, and 30 obese HIV-uninfected controls. Patients did not have diabetes or known cardiovascular disease.

We compared glucose tolerance, serum lipids, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, carotid intima-media thickness, and soluble inflammatory and vascular adhesion markers between nonobese and obese HIV-infected patients, and between obese HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and multivariate linear regression.

The cohort was 52% men and 48% nonwhite. Nonobese and obese HIV-infected patients did not differ by clinical or demographic characteristics. Obese HIV-uninion, in Obese HIV-infected adults on long-term antiretroviral therapy.
Obesity impairs glucose metabolism and contributes to circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 levels, but has few additive effects on dyslipidemia and endothelial activation, in Obese HIV-infected adults on long-term antiretroviral therapy.Dietary pattern analysis is an alternative approach to examine the association between diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the association of two diet-quality scores, namely Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) with NAFLD prevalence. Apparently healthy Chinese adults (332 male, 465 female) aged 18 years or above were recruited through a population screening between 2008 and 2010 in a cross-sectional population-based study in Hong Kong. DQI-I and MDS, as well as major food group and nutrient intakes were calculated based on dietary data from a food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was defined as intrahepatic triglyceride content at ≥5% by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each diet-quality score or dietary component and prevalent NAFLD with adjustment for potential lifestyle, metabolic and genetic factors. A total of 220 subjects (27.6%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. DQI-I but not MDS was associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. A 10-unit decrease in DQI-I was associated with 24% increase in the likelihood of having NAFLD in the age and sex adjusted model (95% CI 1.06-1.45, p = 0.009), and the association remained significant when the model was further adjusted for other lifestyle factors, metabolic and genetic factors [OR 1.26 (95% CI 1.03-1.54), p = 0.027]. Multivariate regression analyses showed an inverse association of the intake of vegetables and legumes, fruits and dried fruits, as well as vitamin C with the NAFLD prevalence (p less then 0.05). In conclusion, a better diet quality as characterized by a higher DQI-I and a higher consumption of vegetables, legumes and fruits was associated with a reduced likelihood of having NAFLD in Hong Kong Chinese.For the development of applications based on mechanochromic luminescent materials, a comprehensive study of the mechanism responsible for the emission changes is required. We report the study of a mechanochromic copper iodide cluster under hydrostatic pressure, which allows control of crystal packing via modification of the intermolecular interactions. In situ single-crystal powder X-ray diffraction analysis and emission measurements under pressure permit one to establish a direct correlation between the molecular structure and luminescence properties and, in particular, to demonstrate that cuprophilic interactions are responsible for the stimuli-responsive luminescence properties of such multinuclear coordination compounds.