The nucleotide composition is highly A+T biased (76.42%) A - 39.99%, T - 36.44%, C - 15.08%, and G - 8.49%. Multiple metrics support that our sample has a higher similarity to S. quadrimaculatum than to other species. Maximum likelihood trees confirm the placement of our sample as the closest related entity to S. quadrimaculatum. We conclude that the mitochondrial genome has a reliable performance in molecular identification in this case.The identities of five subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) are studied, and each is raised from subspecies to species P. andalusica Back, 1973, stat. nov.; P. aragonella Chrétien, 1925, stat. rev.; P. asiatica Back, 1973, stat. nov.; P. illucidella Chrétien, 1915, stat. rev.; P. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Amprenavir-(Agenerase).html lepigrei Lucas, 1937, stat. rev. Nine new Pleurota species which all belong to the P. bicostella species group are described P. agadirensis Tabell, sp. nov.; P. aprilella Tabell, sp. n.; P. karsholti Tabell, sp. nov.; P. kullbergi Tabell, sp. nov.; P. monochroma Tabell, sp. nov.; P. murina Tabell, sp. nov.; P. paragallicella Tabell, sp. nov; P. phaeolepida Tabell, sp. nov., all from Morocco; and P. dalilae Tabell, sp. nov. from Tunisia. Adult males and females, and their genitalia are illustrated. DNA barcodes of the aforementioned species are compared with those of all other Pleurotinae available to us in the BOLD database. Each of the presented and barcoded species has a unique BIN (Barcode Index Number).A new genus of the leafhopper tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera Cicadellidae Eurymelinae) Longiaedeagus gen. nov. with type species Longiaedeagus flavofasciatus sp. nov. from China is described and illustrated. This new genus can be distinguished from other leafhopper genera by the broad style with truncate apex, and aedeagus with a long, unpaired retrorse preapical process.This paper deals with seven species of Abrostola from China, among which one is new to science. The new species, Abrostola wanglangensis sp. link2 nov., resembles Abrostola korbi Dufay, 1958 (known from Russia) and Abrostola pacifica Dufay, 1960 (known from Russia, Korean Peninsula and Japan). Adults and genitalia are illustrated.A new species, Trachystolodes tianjialini sp. nov., from Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei, China, is described and illustrated.The genus Cephalothrips Uzel is a weakly defined genus in subfamily Phlaeothripinae with its members apparently living on various dead tissues and the leaves of live plants. Two species, C. link3 bicolor sp. n. and C. corona sp. n., are described from Iran that are remarkable for their bicoloured pattern. An illustrated key is provided for the four species recorded in Iran. Feeding behavior in the genus is discussed briefly.Félix de Azara described five species of "Alondra" in his seminal work on birds of Paraguay in 1805. Two of these are pipits Anthus No. 146 Alondra Chií and No. 147 Alondra Correndera. Vieillot (1818) then formally described the two based entirely on Azara's descriptions, respectively Anthus chii and Anthus correndera. The former has long been considered unidentifiable, though it has also been used frequently as a valid name for the Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens. The latter of the two names has been in valid usage since its description for the Correndera Pipit A. correndera of southern and Andean South America. In this paper we confirm that the description of No. 146 Alondra Chií is clearly identifiable and Anthus chii is the valid name for the Yellowish Pipit under the Principle of Priority, and Anthus turdinus of Merrem is a junior synonym of it. The description No. 147 Alondra Correndera is shown to refer to Ochre-breasted Pipit A. nattereri and not A. correndera as currently understood. However, the two names have been in constant usage for their respective species since their description, and thus we designate a neotype of the Correndera Pipit for current A. correndera under Article 75.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to conserve current usage and avoid unnecessary nomenclatural confusion.Odontothrips kudoi sp. n. is described from Japan and details of Japanese distribution of O. biuncus John is recorded. Moreover, O. loti (Haliday) is excluded from the Japanese fauna.Two new species of the genus Laemostenus Bonelli sg. Antisphodrus Schaufuss of the bodemeyeri species-group are described, illustrated and compared with the related species Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) bozdagensis sp. nov. (Type locality Manisa, Bozdağlar) and Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) binboga sp. nov. (Type locality Kayseri, Sarız, Binboğa Dağları). These new species were collected with subterranean pitfall traps in the mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS). Additional faunistic and systematic comments, identification key and check-list for Turkish species of the bodemeyeri species group are also presented. Distribution of the bodemeyeri species group is mapped.The genus Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844 was divided into five species groups based on the structure of the male genitalia. Three new species of Ornebius were described from the Chinese provinces of Hainan, Guangxi and Guangdong. Type specimens are deposited at the Museum of Flora and Fauna of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (SNNU).A new genus of the spider family Trachelidae L. Koch, 1872 from the Afrotropical Region is described. Capobula gen. nov. is represented by five species, known from South Africa and Lesotho only. Adults of both sexes of Orthobula infima Simon, 1896a, which is widely distributed in the Western Cape, South Africa, are described for the first time, and this species is transferred to Capobula gen. nov. as its type species. Four new species are described C. capensis spec. nov. and C. neethlingi spec. nov. (South Africa Western Cape), C. montana spec. nov. (Lesotho and South Africa Eastern Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal) and C. ukhahlamba spec. nov. (South Africa KwaZulu-Natal). A phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, including 14 genera of Trachelidae, one genus of Clubionidae Wagner, 1887 and three genera of Phrurolithidae Banks, 1892, supports the placement of Capobula gen. nov. in Trachelidae, with Orthobula Simon, 1897 as its likely closest relative.The Japanese fauna of the myrmecomorphic plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn is updated and reclassified. Seventeen species are now recognized, including three herein described as new, P. hyotan, P. satoyamanus and P. setulosellus; and P. pullulus Poppius, 1914 which is reinstated as valid and recorded from Japan for the first time. The identity of P. okamotoi Miyamoto Lee, 1966, originally described from Korean Jeju Island and previously confused with P. satoyamanus n. sp., is reconfirmed and rediagnosed. Frequently misidentified species, P. erraticus Linnavuori, 1962 P. pseudoperplexus Josifov, 1987 and P. setulosus Horváth, 1905 as well as the little known taxon, P. choii, are rediagnosed. The distribution and diagnostic features of P. typicus (Distant, 1909) are presented in light of the recognition of P. hyotan n. sp. An updated checklist and a key to genera and species of the tribe Pilophorini are provided to aid in unequivocal identification of every Japanese pilophorine taxon. A new species of Pherolepis Kulik from Kyushu, P. hizenicus, is also described.The genus Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 currently harbors 75 species (Frost 2020). These marsupial frogs have a broad latitudinal distribution range in Central and South America, from Costa Rica southward to Argentina (Duellman 2015). The advertisement call features as the pulse structure, call duration, and repetition pulse rate are used by researchers to recognize the species of Gastrotheca (Duellman 2015). The availability of call descriptions is also crucial for recognizing these species with secretive life habits and implementing long-term passive acoustic monitoring programs (Vaira et al. 2011; Akmentins et al. 2014).A new species of snake eel, Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov. (Anguilliformes Ophichthidae Ophichthinae), is described on the basis of a specimen collected from dumped fish disposed of by bottom trawlers at Kasimedu fishing harbour, Chennai. Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov is distinguished from its congeners by having its dorsal-fin origin one pectoral-fin length behind the pectoral-fin tip, preanal length 2.4 in TL, biserial maxillary, uniserial mandibular teeth, biserial to uniserial vomerine teeth, and its vertebrae (predorsal 19, preanal 53, and total vertebrae 154).We provide the first report of the Nearctic diving beetle subfamily Coptotominae Van den Branden, 1885 for the Paleactic Region, based on † Coptotomus balticus sp. n. from Baltic amber. Coptotomus Say, 1830 is otherwise distributed with five extant species and one subspecies in the Nearctic Region. The new species is the smallest species of the genus and thus readily separated from the extant taxa.We present a catalog of nine taxa of Castniidae reported for Nicaragua and Honduras including Prometheus zagraea salvina, a first record for Nicaragua. We also include general and field observations of behavior to help explain why members of this family are poorly represented in collections.The northern part of Madagascar is well known for its high species diversity and endemism. Exceptional species richness is related to the existence of large forest blocks and mountain complexes. These areas shelter a diverse variety of habitats occupied by a wide diversity of species, including leaf-tailed geckos of the genus Uroplatus. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we here formally name two evolutionary lineages as new species that previously had been considered as candidate species (Uroplatus spp. Ca3 and Ca4), both small-sized species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group. Genetically, both new species are related to U. finiavana with a genetic divergence (uncorrected pairwise distance) of 10.3-12.8% in a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and separated from each other by 10.3-10.7%. Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov. is described from the Marojejy massif and is also known from Andrevorevo, Lohanandroranga and Sorata; it is similar to U. ebenaui and U. fetsy but is distinguishable by its rather short tail and only partially black pigmented oral mucosa. Uroplatus fivehy sp. nov. is described from the Sorata Massif and is wider-ranging, occurring in an area from Marotandrano and Makira to Sorata, comprising Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Ankitsika and Betaolana; it is morphologically similar to U. finiavana but distinguishable by tail size and shape. Both newly described species are found in rainforest from mid to high elevation and range respectively from 840-1417 m for U. fivehy sp nov. and 1300-1800 m for U. fangorn sp. nov. According to their respective geographical distributions, we propose to classify the two new species as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List criteria, due to their occurrence in some forests outside of the protected area network plus the continuing decline of forest patches in the north of Madagascar.The genus Phyllodytes comprises 15 species, ten of them having their tadpole external morphology described in the literature. However, there are few descriptive studies on chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton. In this work, we describe the chondrocranium and hyobranchial skeleton of Phyllodytes larvae and discuss shared features and interspecific variation. Our findings suggest that the skeletal morphology is mostly conserved in the genus, with common features including a single suprarostral cartilage, short infrarostral cartilages, and overall short trabecular horns. Main intrageneric variations include the arrangement of the ascending process, the presence of larval otic process, and the configuration of the crista parotica. These variations are not correlated with the phylogenetic structure of the genus. Some distinctive aspects of P. praeceptor and P. gyrinaethes are also described in tadpoles of Osteopilus ocellatus, and could be related to oophagous habits in these tadpoles.