If the relaxation is given a month after the peak infection, a second peak with a moderate infection will follow. However, a gradual relaxation of the lockdown started well ahead of the peak infection, leads to a nearly twofold increase of the peak infection with no second peak. The model is further extended to incorporate the infection arising from the population showing no symptoms. The preliminary finding suggests that random testing needs to be carried out within the asymptomatic population to contain the spread of the disease. Our model provides a semi-quantitative overview of the progression of COVID-19 in India, with model projections reasonably replicating the current progress. The projection of the model is highly sensitive to the choice of the parameters and the available data.Covid-19 is affecting our societies for more than just one, two or three months, maybe for even longer depending on where we live. In Germany, where I am located we have meanwhile ended the lockdown phase and started reopening. In this Editorial, I will try to describe the different aspects of the changes for an Orthopaedic Surgeon in this second phase of reopening. As numbers are the main basis for decision-making in this pandemic, I will try to give you a bit of background information on them first. As situations differ depending on the country you live in, you as a reader are probably in a different situation than I am right now, but hopefully you will still get some useful information for your daily routine. Although the numbers have improved a lot, the pandemic is still affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is again divided into 4 sections Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family/society member. As of a few days ago in Germany elective surgeries are allowed to be perfoprofessional relationships and networks is not only based on facts but also on social factors. Something that we still miss. Reopening has improved life in families a lot. Grandchildren can meet their grandparents again and so on. This positive effect cannot be regarded high enough. Within the society reopening, however, is more demanding than the lockdown was. Protests and conspiracy theories are numerous and it is our mission as educated scientists to inform as many people around us as possible about the facts. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as Orthopaedic Surgeons remain affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Life became better in a lot of ways; however, it is still a long way back to normal and we need to be patient.The World Health Organization (WHO) declared corona infection as a pandemic in February 2020. A nationwide lockdown was enforced by Indian government on 25 March 2020. Separate health facilities were developed to handle the confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). Other than emergency services and care of cancer patients, all remaining healthcare activities were curtailed. Through this study, we intend to assess any change in number and pattern of non-COVID surgical emergencies during the lockdown as well as the interventions required. This was an observational study which included all patients with surgical emergencies who presented during the study period (25 March to 24 April 2020) after two stage screenings for corona infection (group 2). The results obtained from analysis of prospectively collected database were compared with a similar period (group 1) prior to the onset of pandemic in India using appropriate statistical tests. In group 2, an increase (17%) in number of patients was noted. The need of organ support was more than 4 times the usual period. An upsurge in neurosurgical emergencies was noted, though the number of interventions decreased by 40%. A significant decrease in hospital stay was also documented (7 days vs 12 days). The nationwide lockdown led to an increase and change in pattern of surgical emergencies, though the interventions required were less. Effective management entails appropriate preparedness.COVID-19 caused many countries to stop their elective procedures to allow preservation of resources for COVID-19 care. With restriction being gradually lifted, the surgical services have to face the pending burden of elective cases alongside the pandemic. The true impact of the pandemic and the COVID-19 on perioperative outcomes is still being discovered. This demands a COVID-specific consenting process in addition to the routine surgical consent, to ensure that the patients are able to make informed decisions. The first ever COVID-specific checklist for surgical consent 'COVID times-surgical consent checklist' is introduced. This checklist enables the surgeon to ensure that a discussion detailing the impact of COVID-19 on surgical services is made. It also acts as a documentation of the discussions carried out during the consenting process.The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 has brought about complex challenges in healthcare delivery. With the new rules of lockdown and social distancing and with resources diverted to the management of COVID-19, there are difficulties in continuing usual cancer care. Patients are at risk of contracting COVID-19 with a high chance of patient to healthcare transmission and vice versa. Hospital visits, investigations and all modalities of treatment have potential complications that put patients at risk, some more than others. In this situation, there is a need to change our approach in the management of breast cancer to deliver it safely. We present modified guidelines based on the available consensus statements and evidence.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis, and surgeons are at increased occupational risk of contracting COVID-19. The impact of the disease on prevalent general surgical practice is uncertain and continues to evolve. The study aimed to study the impact of COVID-19 on general surgical practice in India and the future implications of the pandemic. A survey questionnaire was designed and electronically circulated 1 month after India entered a national lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic, amongst members of Indian Association of Gastro-intestinal Endo-surgeons (IAGES), a surgical association with nearly eight thousand members from across the country. Survey questions pertaining to pre-COVID era surgical practices, impact on current practice, and financial implications were asked. Responses were collected and statistically analyzed. One hundred fifty-three surgeons completed the survey, of which only 9.2% were women. Majority (41%) were into practice for more than 20 years; 36.6% wsurgical practices and solutions to overcome the financial liabilities in the near future.The impact of COVID-19 on surgical practice is worldwide. Controversy is there regarding dissemination of coronavirus by surgical smoke during laparoscopic surgery; hence, laparoscopic surgeries are being used with great cautions. We propose the use of a simple device, which can be prepared cheaply with material readily available in our hospitals, to manage the surgical plume generated during laparoscopic procedures. With proper management of the surgical plume with the above-proposed device, the concerns regarding aerosol generation can be alleviated and all the benefits of laparoscopy can be extended to our patient in need of a surgery that cannot be delayed.Road traffic accidents claim many lives each year worldwide and cause significant disability among survivors. Resulting socioeconomic burden is severe in low- and middle-income countries. Global emphasis currently focuses on trauma education and prevention in addition to improving post-injury care. Sri Lankan government recently made compulsory legislation to improve the safety standards of imported motor vehicles. Such regulations would not directly protect vulnerable road users (VRUs) who form the main bulk of Sri Lankan and South Asian automobile trauma casualties. With the objective of reviewing the management outcome of automobile trauma in order to correlate the potential impact of new legislation on injury prevention, data of all admitted road traffic injury victims were audited for 2 months. Out of 473 eligible cases (332 (70.2%)-males; mean age 37.2 years), there were 14 (3%) fatalities. Of 459 (97%) survivors, 77 (16%) suffered major injuries. Twelve out of 14 (85.7%) fatalities, 64 of 77 (83.1%) su higher impact on road traffic injury prevention, main emphasis has to be given to improve the safety standards of VRUs in developing countries.The earliest available evidence attributes the discovery of droplets as a mode of transmission of disease to Carl Flügge, a German bacteriologist, a contemporary of Emil Kocher, in 1897. This finding was instrumental in the development of the gauze mask introduced by Johann von Mikulicz Radecki in the same year. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/penicillin-streptomycin.html A surgical mask has become an indispensable tool in the armamentarium to fight the COVID 19 pandemic. Surgical masks which were once limited to the confines of healthcare setups are now donned by the members of the general public. It has become imperative that a healthcare worker selects the right kind of respiratory protective equipment to protect himself and his patients. The surgical mask has become essential, in a way, for survival.The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in complete stoppage of elective surgery in most countries, which has created a huge backlog of waiting patients. This invited editorial comments on the current challenge of restarting elective surgery during/after COVID-19 pandemic.Thoracic trauma severity score (TTSS) has been used to assess severity and risk of pulmonary complications in patients with chest trauma. The role of cytokines and biomarkers in patients with chest trauma and its association with TTSS is not well elucidated. The aim of the study was to assess the cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) and biomarkers (vWF, CC-16) in patients of thoracic trauma and correlate it with TTSS and patient's outcome. This was a prospective observational study. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from chest trauma patients. TTSS was calculated in all patients. Suitable controls for serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample were selected. The outcome parameters included patient discharge or death, duration of hospital, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Forty-three patients were included. There was no significant correlation between the measured cytokines and biomarkers and TTSS. The mean TTSS of patients who had a fatal outcome was significantly higher than the patients who recovered. Patients with a high TTSS score had a significant prolonged ICU stay. Patients with a prolonged hospital stay had lower values of CC-16. TTSS is a useful tool to predict severity of chest trauma and prolonged ICU stay. Lower levels of CC-16 in BAL fluid of chest trauma patients were associated with prolonged hospital stay suggestive of its protective role in the airway. Longer prospective studies are required to determine the role of cytokines and biomarkers in patients with thoracic trauma in predicting the patient's outcome.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically presents with pulmonary symptoms. Extra-pulmonary symptomatology of COVID-19 has drawn significant attention. However, information about the incidence, course and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in these patients is still limited.