Convalescent plasma is a leading treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is a paucity of data identifying its therapeutic efficacy. Among 126 potential convalescent plasma donors, the humoral immune response was evaluated using a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus neutralization assay with Vero-E6-TMPRSS2 cells; a commercial IgG and IgA ELISA to detect the spike (S) protein S1 domain (EUROIMMUN); IgA, IgG, and IgM indirect ELISAs to detect the full-length S protein or S receptor-binding domain (S-RBD); and an IgG avidity assay. We used multiple linear regression and predictive models to assess the correlations between antibody responses and demographic and clinical characteristics. IgG titers were greater than either IgM or IgA titers for S1, full-length S, and S-RBD in the overall population. Of the 126 plasma samples, 101 (80%) had detectable neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers. Using nAb titers as the reference, the IgG ELISAs confirmed 95%-98% of the nAb-positive samples, but 20%-32% of the nAb-negative samples were still IgG ELISA positive. Male sex, older age, and hospitalization for COVID-19 were associated with increased antibody responses across the serological assays. There was substantial heterogeneity in the antibody response among potential convalescent plasma donors, but sex, age, and hospitalization emerged as factors that can be used to identify individuals with a high likelihood of having strong antiviral antibody responses.Developing cost-effective, highly active, and stable electrocatalysts for boosting electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media is playing a critical role to meet hydrogen industry in the future. Herein, an efficient HER electrocatalyst based on flowerlike S-doped Ni2P mesoporous nanosheets supported on nickel foam (S-Ni2P NSs/NF) was developed through an effective approach. The obtained S-Ni2P NSs/NF catalyst required low overpotential of only 87.5 mV and 179.1 mV to reach current density of 10 and 50 mA cm-2, respectively. Moreover, a small Tafel slope of 62.1 mV dec-1 for S-Ni2P NSs/NF demonstrated that HER process occurred with very fast kinetics. Besides high HER activity, the synthesized S-Ni2P NSs/NF catalyst exhibited superior stability and long-term durability toward HER, which had ability to operate over 30 h without degradation in catalytic performance. The unique flower-like nanosheets structure with excellent mesoporous characteristics of S-Ni2P NSs/NF resulted in maximizing electrochemical active surface area for providing a large number of electrocatalytic active sites. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/icec0942-hydrochloride.html In addition, S doping effect could modulate electronic structure of Ni species in Ni2P, leading to accelerating rate adsorption of reaction intermediates on the surface of catalysts toward improving HER kinetics. The results not only demonstrate S-Ni2P NSs/NF as active catalyst for HER, but also offer effective strategy for improving catalytic activity of earth-abundant transition metal-based HER catalysts.
Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is critical to maintenance of cerebral perfusion but its relevance to the risk of stroke and dementia has been under-studied due to small study sizes and a lack of consensus as to the optimal method of measurement. We determined the reliability and reproducibility of multiple CA indices and the effect of intensive data-processing in a large population with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke.

Consecutive, consenting patients in the population-based Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) Phenotyped cohort underwent up to 10-min supine continuous blood pressure monitoring (Finometer) with bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) transcranial ultrasound (DWL-Dopplerbox). Un-processed waveforms (Un-A) were median-filtered, systematically reviewed, artefacts corrected and their quality blindly graded (optimal (A) to worst (E)). CA metrics were derived in time-domain (autoregulatory index (ARI), Pearson's Mx, Sx, Dx) and in very-low (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) domains (WPS-SI wavelet the prognostic value of CA in large epidemiological cohorts and its potential as a treatment target.
Resting-state measures of CA were valid, reproducible and robust to moderate noise, but require careful data-processing. Mx and wavelet synchronisation index were the most reliable indices for determining the prognostic value of CA in large epidemiological cohorts and its potential as a treatment target.
Validation of a non-invasive smart-phone based screening tool for atherosclerosis and coronary arterial disease (CAD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide.

We designed a three-channel photoplethysmography (PPG) device that connects to a smart phone application for measuring pulse transit time (PTT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) using PPG probes that are simultaneously clipped onto to the ear, index finger, and big toe, respectively. Validation was performed through a clinical study with 100 participants (age 20 to 77) at a research hospital in Nagpur, India. Study subjects were stratified by age and divided into three groups corresponding to the disease severity Coronary Arterial Disease ("CAD"), hypertensive ("Pre-CAD"), and Healthy.

PWV values derived from the Ear-Toe measurements increased monotonically as a function of disease severity and age, with median values of 14.2 m/s for the older-patient CAD group, 12.2 m/s for the younger-patient CAD group, 11.6 m/s for the older-patient Pre-CAD group, 10.2 m/s for the younger-patient Pre-CAD group, 9.7 m/s for the older healthy controls, and 8.4 m/s for the younger healthy controls. Using just two simple features, the PTT and patient height, we demonstrate a machine learning prediction model for CAD with a median accuracy of 0.83 (AUC).

This work demonstrates the ability to predict atherosclerosis and CAD using a simple low-cost multi-site PPG tool that is powered by a mobile phone and does not require any electrocardiogram (ECG) reference. Furthermore, this method only requires a single anthropometric measurement, which is the patient's height.
This work demonstrates the ability to predict atherosclerosis and CAD using a simple low-cost multi-site PPG tool that is powered by a mobile phone and does not require any electrocardiogram (ECG) reference. Furthermore, this method only requires a single anthropometric measurement, which is the patient's height.