The association between nutritional status at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission with clinical outcomes remains unclear. We conducted this systematic review to summarize the overall impact of PICU admission body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes.

We searched the following medical databases from inception through May 2020 PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. We included studies on patients ≤18 years old admitted to a PICU that investigated the effect of BMI on mortality, PICU or hospital length of stay (LOS), or duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). Classification of underweight, overweight, and obese were based on each study's criteria.

There was a total of 21,558 patients from 20 included studies. 12,936 (60.0%), 2965 (13.8%), 2182 (10.1%), 3348 (15.5%) were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively. Relative to normal weight patients, underweight patients.

Our systematic review did not reveal any association between PICU admission BMI status and outcomes in critically ill children. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html Further investigation with standardized nutrition status classification on admission, stratified by patient subgroups, is needed to clarify the association between nutritional status and clinical outcomes of PICU patients.
Our systematic review did not reveal any association between PICU admission BMI status and outcomes in critically ill children. Further investigation with standardized nutrition status classification on admission, stratified by patient subgroups, is needed to clarify the association between nutritional status and clinical outcomes of PICU patients.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at substantial risk of malnutrition, which negatively affects clinical outcomes. We investigated the association of kidney function assessed at hospital admission and effectiveness of nutritional support in hospitalized medical patients at risk of malnutrition.

This is a secondary analysis of an investigator-initiated, randomized-controlled, Swiss multicenter trial (EFFORT) that compared individualised nutritional support with usual hospital food on clinical outcomes. We compared effects of nutritional support on mortality in subgroups of patients stratified according to kidney function at the time of hospital admission (estimated glomerular filtration rates [eGFR] <15, 15-29, 30-59, 60-89 and≥90ml/min/1.73m
).

We included 1943 of 2028 patients (96%) from the original trial with known admission creatinine levels. Admission eGFR was a strong predictor for the beneficial effects of nutritional support in regard to lowering of 30-day mortality. Patients with an eGFR <15, 15-29 and 30-59 had the strongest mortality benefit (odds ratios [95%CI] of 0.24 [0.05 to 1.25], 0.37 [0.14 to 0.95] and 0.39 [0.21 to 0.75], respectively), while patients with less severe impairment in kidney function had a less pronounced mortality benefits (p for interaction 0.001). A similar stepwise association of kidney function and response to nutritional support was found also for other secondary outcomes.

In medical inpatients at nutritional risk, admission kidney function was a strong predictor for the response to nutritional therapy. Initial kidney function may help to individualize nutritional support in the future by identification of patients with most clinical benefit.

Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02517476.
Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02517476.
Nutrition education is not well represented in the medical curriculum. The aim of this original paper was to describe the Nutrition Education in Medical Schools (NEMS) Project of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN).

On 19 January 2020, a meeting was held on this topic that was attended by 51 delegates (27 council members) from 34 countries, and 13 European University representatives.

This article includes the contents of the meeting that concluded with the signing of the Manifesto for the Implementation of Nutrition Education in the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum.

The meeting represented a significant step forward, moved towards implementation of nutrition education in medical education in general and in clinical practice in particular, in compliance with the aims of the ESPEN Nutrition Education Study Group (NESG).
The meeting represented a significant step forward, moved towards implementation of nutrition education in medical education in general and in clinical practice in particular, in compliance with the aims of the ESPEN Nutrition Education Study Group (NESG).
It has been reported that skeletal muscle mass loss during adjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative reduced skeletal muscle mass are associated with discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the relationship between visceral fat mass and compliance has not yet been investigated. In this study, we clarified the impact of low preoperative visceral fat mass on compliance and relapse-free survival (RFS) in gastric cancer patients.

This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy for pathological stages II and III, and who received postoperative S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy between April 2008 and April 2017. Treatment failure was defined as discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy within 1 year. Visceral fat mass was measured preoperatively at the umbilical level on computed tomography, which was divided by height (m
to obtain the visceral adipose tissue index (VAI). Patients with a VAI below the median cut-off value were categorized as lwas an independent risk factor for poor compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy and a poor prognostic factor for RFS after radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Preoperative evaluation using body composition may be useful for post-treatment and prognosis prediction.
Preoperative low visceral fat mass was an independent risk factor for poor compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy and a poor prognostic factor for RFS after radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Preoperative evaluation using body composition may be useful for post-treatment and prognosis prediction.