Peptidic self-assembly provides a powerful method to build biomedical materials with integrated functions. In particular, pathological environment instructed peptidic supramolecular have gained great progress in treating various diseases. Typically, certain pathology related factors convert hydrophilic precursors to corresponding more hydrophobic motifs to assemble into supramolecular structures. Herein, we would like to review the recent progress of nanomedicines based on the development of instructed self-assembly against several specific disease models. Firstly we introduce the cancer instructed self-assembly. These assemblies have exhibited great inhibition efficacy, as well as enhanced imaging contrast, against cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. Then we discuss the infection instructed peptidic self-assembly. A number of different molecular designs have demonstrated the potential antibacterial application with satisfied efficiency for peptidic supramolecular assemblies. Further, we discuss the application of instructed peptidic self-assembly for other diseases including neurodegenerative disease and vaccine. The assemblies have succeeded in down-regulating abnormal Aβ aggregates and immunotherapy. In summary, the self-assembly precursors are typical two-component molecules with (1) a self-assembling motif and (2) a cleavable trigger responsive to the pathological environment. Upon cleavage, the self-assembly occurs selectively in pathological loci whose targeting capability is independent from active targeting. Bearing the novel targeting regime, we envision that the pathological conditions instructed peptidic self-assembly will lead a paradigm shift on biomedical materials.Fertility and ovarian protection against chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage has formed a new field called oncofertility, which is driven by the pursuit of fertility protection as well as good life quality for numerous female cancer survivors. However, the choice of fertility and ovarian protection method is a difficult problem during chemotherapy and there is no uniform guideline at present. To alleviate ovarian toxicity caused by anticancer drugs, effective methods combined with an individualized treatment plan that integrates an optimal strategy for preserving and restoring reproductive function should be offered from well-established to experimental stages before, during, and after chemotherapy. Although embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are the major methods that have been proven effective and feasible for fertility protection, they are also subject to many limitations. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the future potential methods and corresponding mechanisms for fertility protection in chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage.
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of osteoporosis and shorter life expectancy. Hip fracture (HF) is the most serious consequence of osteoporosis and is associated with increased mortality risk. We aimed to assess the association of antidiabetic medications with HF and the post-hip fracture mortality risk among diabetic patients ≥50 years.

In this nationwide case-control study 53 992 HF cases and 112 144 age-, sex- and region-matched non-hip fracture controls were analyzed. A cohort of hip-fractured diabetic patients were followed-up for an all-cause mortality.

We defined three groups of diabetic patients based on a prescription of antidiabetic medications group 1 treated with insulin monotherapy (G1DM), group 2 (G2DM) treated with blood glucose-lowering drugs (BGLD) only, group 3 on a combined BGLD and insulin therapy (G3DM). We applied logistic regression and Cox regression.

We identified 2757 G1DM patients, 15 310 G2DM patients, 3775 G3DM patients and 144 294 patients without any antidiabetic treatment. All three groups of diabetic patients had increased odds of HF compared to controls. G1DM patients aged 50-64 years (aOR 4.80, 95% CI 3.22-7.17) and G3DM patients (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.88) showed the highest HF odds, whereas G2DM patients had 18% decrease in HF odds than their non-diabetic controls (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.99). All diabetic patients had increased post-hip fracture mortality risk compared to non-diabetic controls. The highest mortality hazard was observed in G1DM patients, being greater for women than men (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.55-1.89 and HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27-1.64, respectively).

Antidiabetic medications increase the probability of HF. Diabetic patients, who sustained HF have a higher mortality risk than non-diabetic patients.
Antidiabetic medications increase the probability of HF. Diabetic patients, who sustained HF have a higher mortality risk than non-diabetic patients.Laboratory diagnosis of the COVID-19 relies on RT-PCR to amplify specific fragments of SARS-CoV-2 genome. However, serological tests are required to determine the immune response elicited after infection. Here, we analyzed convalescent sera collected from positive individuals by RT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 78), Zika (n = 20), dengue (n = 20), chikungunya (n = 54), intestinal parasites (n = 11), and HIV (n = 1), from different areas of Ecuador, with an in-house ELISA using a SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain recombinant (rRBD) antigen to detect IgG antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 78 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, 73 showed high absorbance value compared with the cutoff and five were negative. All tested sera from other infections showed no reactivity. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 93.6%, 100%, 100%, and 95.4%, respectively. This in-house anti-IgG rRBD ELISA offers an economic and simple alternative to determine IgG immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection.During the last decades, it has become clear that the gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. More than 40 hormones originate from the gastrointestinal tract and several of these impact glucose metabolism and appetite regulation. An astonishing example of the gut's integrative role in glucose metabolism originates from investigations into bile acid biology. From primary animal studies, it has become clear that bile acids should no longer be labelled as simple detergents necessary for lipid digestion and absorption but should also be recognised as metabolic regulators implicated in lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a part of an exquisite bile acid-sensing system that among other things ensures the optimal size of the bile acid pool. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-ascorbic-acid-2-phosphate-sesquimagnesium-salt-hydrate.html In addition, intestinal and hepatic FXR also impact the regulation of several metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Accordingly, natural and synthetic FXR agonists and certain FXR-regulated factors (i.