To summarize the effects of routine, opt-out abortion and family planning residency training on obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) residents' clinical skills in uterine evacuation and intentions to provide abortion care after residency.

Data from ob-gyn residency programs supported during the first 20 years of the Kenneth J. Ryan Residency Training Program in Abortion and Family Planning were analyzed. Postrotation surveys assessed residents' training experiences and acquisition of abortion care skills. Residency program director surveys assessed benefits of the training to residents and the academic department from the educators' perspectives.

A total of 2775 residents in 89 ob-gyn programs completed postrotation surveys for a response rate of 72%. During the rotation, residents - including those who only partially participated - gained exposure to and skills in first- and second-trimester abortion care. Sixty-one percent intended to provide abortion care in their postresidency practice. More than 90% of residency program directors (97.5% response rate) reported that training improved resident competence in abortion and contraception care and 81.3% reported that the training increased their own program's appeal to residency applicants.

Over 20 years, the Ryan Program has supported programs to integrate abortion training to give ob-gyn residents the skills and inspiration to provide comprehensive reproductive health care, including uterine evacuation and abortion care, in future practice. Residency program directors noted that this integrated training meets resident applicants' expectations.

Ryan Program residents are trained to competence and are prepared, both clinically and in their professional attitudes, to care for women's reproductive health.
Ryan Program residents are trained to competence and are prepared, both clinically and in their professional attitudes, to care for women's reproductive health.
Mild cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in a number of psychiatric diseases and affects social functioning. Although clinical criteria were recently proposed for autoimmune psychosis (AP), biomarkers have not yet been established for the severity and prognosis of cognitive dysfunction. We herein investigated the relationships between 3 types of serum antibodies and cognitive dysfunction in chronic psychiatric patients suspected of AP.

We included 31 patients suspected of AP and obtained information on their clinical characteristics. Three types of autoantibodies (the anti-N-methyl-
-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR Ab), anti-N-terminal of GluN1 (anti-GluN1-NT Ab), and anti-thyroid antibodies) were evaluated in serum. Cognitive function was assessed using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III. We examined the relationships between serum autoantibodies and cognitive dysfunction in patients using multiple regression models.

Serum titers of anti-GluN1-NT Ab significantly contributed to the estimated score of working memory (B= -55.85, β= -0.46, p= 0.01), while no correlation was observed between the other 2 types of antibodies and cognitive function.

The present results indicate the potential of serum anti-GluN1-NT Ab as a biomarker for the severity and prognosis of cognitive dysfunction underlying various psychiatric symptoms in patients with AP. The pathological significance of anti-GluN1-NT Ab needs to be verified in future studies.
The present results indicate the potential of serum anti-GluN1-NT Ab as a biomarker for the severity and prognosis of cognitive dysfunction underlying various psychiatric symptoms in patients with AP. The pathological significance of anti-GluN1-NT Ab needs to be verified in future studies.
Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity are commonly associated with polymyxin treatment; however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with limited therapeutic options has resulted in increased use of polymyxins.

To determine the rates of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity during polymyxin treatment and whether any factors influence these.

Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched on 2 January 2020.

Studies reporting nephrotoxicity and/or neurotoxicity rates in patients with infections treated with polymyxins were included. Reviews, meta-analyses and reports not in English were excluded.

Patients hospitalized with infections treated with systemic or inhaled polymyxins were included. For comparative analyses, patients treated with non-polymyxin-based regimens were also included.

Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model; subgroup meta-analyses were conducted where data permitted using a mixed-effects model.

In total, 237 reports of randomized cont051). The overall rate of neurotoxicity during polymyxin therapy was 0.030 (95% CI 0.020-0.043).

Polymyxins are associated with a higher risk of nephrotoxicity than non-polymyxin-based regimens.
Polymyxins are associated with a higher risk of nephrotoxicity than non-polymyxin-based regimens.
Sex differences in COVID-19 severity and mortality have been described. Key aims of this analysis were to compare the risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and mortality by sex and to explore whether variation in specific biomarkers could mediate this difference.

This was a retrospective, observational cohort study among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A survival analysis was conducted to compare time to the composite endpoint of IMV or death according to sex. Interaction was formally tested to compare the risk difference by sex in sub-populations. Mediation analysis with a binary endpoint IMV or death (yes/no) by day 28 of follow-up for a number of inflammation/coagulation biomarkers in the context of counterfactual prediction was also conducted.

Among 415 patients, 134 were females (32%) and 281 males (67%), median age 66years (IQR 54-77). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cl-82198.html At admission, females showed a significantly less severe clinical and respiratory profiles with a higher PaO
/FiO
(254mmHg vs. 191mmHg; p 0.023). By 28days from admission, 49.2% (95% CI 39.6-58.9%) of males vs. 31.7% (17.9-45.4%) of females underwent IMV or death (log-rank p<0.0001) and this amounted to a difference in terms of HR of 0.40 (0.26-0.63, p 0.0001). The area under the curve in C-reactive protein (CRP) over the study period appeared to explain 85% of this difference in risk by sex.

Our analysis confirms a difference in the risk of COVID-19 clinical progression by sex and provides a hypothesis for potential mechanisms leading to this. Specifically, CRP showed a predominant role to mediate the difference in risk by sex.
Our analysis confirms a difference in the risk of COVID-19 clinical progression by sex and provides a hypothesis for potential mechanisms leading to this. Specifically, CRP showed a predominant role to mediate the difference in risk by sex.