INTRODUCTION Driven by international programs specifically targeting neonatal survival, a set of recommended care practices is being promoted in West Africa. Using data from a multi-centered anthropological study, we enquire as to how local practices integrate the recommendations disseminated by these programs. METHOD The surveys were conducted in rural localities in five countries Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Togo. In every site, the investigations combined ethnography of newborn care and in-depth interviews in maternity homes and homes. RESULTS The care of newborns is based on a set of local social representations and logics, where medical recommendations are integrated heterogeneously. In maternity wards, health professionals face difficulties in implementing recommended practices, and make various conciliations when faced with local material and social constraints. In private homes, the "messages" promoting life-saving care for newborns punctuate conversations, but lead to various interpretations and variations in care. DISCUSSION The irregular integration of medical recommendations in neonatal care is analyzed around three areas the divergence of intentions around the birth, the dissonances between the recommended care and the local conceptions of the newborn, the influence of intra-family power relations. Considering the complexity of the changes in neonatal care, we argue for the implementation of programs that respect local cultures, and for health professionals to skillfully accommodate conflicting constraints.Dr. Evan Calkins passed away on January 24, 2020 at the age of 99. He was a revered leader in the Buffalo, NY community - a passionate and talented educator and an innovator in both rheumatology and geriatrics. He was raised in Newton, Massachusetts where he attended elementary school with Norman Mailer and Ben Bradlee. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard (cum laude) and medical degree from Harvard Medical School (cum laude). Following graduation from medical school, he served as an army Captain during World War II. He then completed a residency in internal medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital and a chief residency at Massachusetts General Hospital. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.It is of much interest to understand the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) in routine clinical practice. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abc294640.html We assessed the clinical outcome of AA in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and determined clinical factors associated with AA treatment duration in real-world setting. This real-world cohort consisted of 93 patients with mCRPC treated with AA in Thailand (58.1%) and Malaysia (41.9%). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). Secondary endpoints were predictors associated with AA treatment duration evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Around 74% were chemotherapy-naïve. The median AA treatment duration was 10 months (IQR 5.6-17.1). Malaysians had a relatively lower median OS and bPFS (OS 17.8 months; 95% CI 6.4-29.1, bPFS 10.4 months; 95% CI 8.8-12.0) compared to Thais (OS 27.0 months; 95% CI 11.3-42.7, bPFS 14.0 months; 95% CI 5.8-22.2), although it did not achieve statistical significance (P > .05). Patients with longer AA treatment duration (>10 months) had lower risk of death and longer bPFS, compared to those with shorter AA treatment duration (≤10 months) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.10, 95% CI 0.05-0.22 and HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.06-0.25, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that PSA at AA initiation, presence of PSA response and chemotherapy-naive were independently associated with AA duration (P  less then  .05). Abiraterone acetate is well-tolerated in the Southeast Asian cohort with comparable survival benefits to other Asian populations in real-world setting. Lower PSA levels at AA initiation, presence of PSA response, and chemotherapy-naive were significant in determining AA treatment duration. © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIMS Recent population-based data on drug utilization around pregnancy are lacking. This study aims to examine the prevalence of drug exposure in the Netherlands during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum periods, with special emphasis on trends of potentially harmful medication over the years. METHODS A population-based study was conducted using records from the PHARMO Perinatal Research Network. From 1999 to 2017, the proportion of pregnancies during which women used any medication or potentially harmful medication was assessed, overall and stratified by timing of exposure relative to pregnancy and by the year of delivery. RESULTS Overall, 357,226 (73%) and 166,484 (34%) of 487,122 selected pregnancies were exposed to any and potentially harmful medication, respectively. Among these 487,122 pregnancies, preconception prevalence for use of potentially harmful medication was 43%, 24% during the first trimester, 19% during the second, 16% during the third, and 45% postpartum. A declining trend was observed for exposure to any medication, from 84% in 1999 to 68% in 2017. No clear changes were observed over time for the proportion of pregnancies exposed to potentially harmful medication. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the use of potentially harmful medication was high over the last two decades. Although there was a declining trend over the years in overall medication use, during a steady one-third of pregnancies women used potentially harmful medication. Our findings highlight the need for an increased sense of urgency among both healthcare providers and women of reproductive age regarding potential risks associated with pharmacological treatment during pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Many infectious diseases lack robust estimates of incidence from endemic areas, and extrapolating incidence when there are few locations with data remains a major challenge in burden of disease estimation. We sought to combine sentinel surveillance with community behavioural surveillance to estimate leptospirosis incidence. We administered a questionnaire gathering responses on established locally relevant leptospirosis risk factors and recent fever to livestock-owning community members across six districts in northern Tanzania and applied a logistic regression model predicting leptospirosis risk on the basis of behavioural factors that had been previously developed among patients with fever in Moshi Municipal and Moshi Rural Districts. We aggregated probability of leptospirosis by district and estimated incidence in each district by standardizing probabilities to those previously estimated for Moshi Districts. We recruited 286 community participants Hai District (n = 11), Longido District (59), Monduli District (56), Moshi Municipal District (103), Moshi Rural District (44) and Rombo District (13).