The two components of smoking-related beliefs were associated with smoking in opposite ways that represent boys' masculine tendency for risk-taking and risk minimisation. For example, score increases for perceived benefits were positively associated with susceptibility to future tobacco use (OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.3-1.9) but an increased score of perceived harm was negatively associated with susceptibility to future tobacco use (OR=0.8; 95% CI 0.7-0.9). Conclusions Indonesian boys experience a rapid increase in smoking outcomes and smoking reported among their social circle. The sustained high percentage of smoking harms but also increased social benefits are similar to the concept of risk minimisation that is closely related to the masculine tendency to undermine health hazards of tobacco. Therefore, it is important to focus on these highly gender-related issues within the country.Introduction People with psychotic disorders are associated with high prevalence of cigarette smoking and prevalence rates. Studies show that many smokers with psychotic disorders would like to stop smoking, yet the abstinence rate among them is low. Despite this significant public health problem, few studies have examined the characteristics of this group of smokers and the predictors of smoking cessation. Methods This is a retrospective chart review study. Case records of smokers who attended our smoking cessation clinic with and without psychotic disorders were reviewed. The outcome measure was self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate at week 26. The basic demographic and biosocial characteristics of these smokers were analyzed. Results A total of 3671 case records were reviewed and 155 smokers with psychosis were identified. The independent predictors of smoking abstinence at week 26 were to improve performance in exercise and sports, greater confidence of quitting, and greater number of counselling sessions. The 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate was 22.6% at 26 weeks. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that many smokers with psychosis are able to quit smoking even with NRT and counselling and without use of oral medications. Health professionals need to pay greater attention to tobacco use by individuals with mental disorders. Every effort should be given to enhance their motivation, build up their confidence and to provide adequate counselling sessions.Introduction The latest evidence-based Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Dependence highlight the significant role of healthcare professionals in supporting smokers interested to quit. This study aimed to identify the current practices of healthcare professionals in Europe and perceived barriers in delivering tobacco treatment to their patients who smoke. Methods In the context of EPACTT-Plus, collaborating institutions from 15 countries (Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Italy, France, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Romania, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine) worked for the development of an accredited eLearning course on Tobacco Treatment Delivery available at http//elearning-ensp.eu/. In total, 444 healthcare professionals from the wider European region successfully completed the course from December 2018 to July 2019. Cross-sectional data were collected online on healthcare professionals' current practices and perceived barriers in introducing tobacco-dependence treatment into their daily clinical life. Results At registration, 41.2% of the participants reported having asked their patients if they smoked. Advise to quit smoking was offered by 47.1% of the participants, while 29.5% reported offering assistance to their patients who smoked in order to quit. From the total number of participants, 39.9% regarded the lack of patient compliance as a significant barrier. Other key barriers were lack of interest from the patients (37.4%), healthcare professionals training (33.1%), community resources to refer patients (31.5%), and adequate time during their everyday clinical life (29.7%). Conclusions The identification of current practices and significant barriers is important to build evidence-based guidelines and training programs (online and/or live) that will improve the performance of healthcare professionals in offering tobacco-dependence treatment for their patients who smoke.Introduction Studies in several countries indicate that being a police officer is a risk factor for tobacco use. Currently, no such studies have been performed among police officers in Uganda, or in Africa generally. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence and costs of smoking among Ugandan police officers. Methods A multistage survey model was employed to sample police officers (n=349) that included an observational cross-sectional survey and an annual cost-analysis approach. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/uc2288.html The study setting was confined to Nsambya Police Barracks, in Kampala city. Results Police officers smoke 4.8 times higher than the general public (25.5% vs 5.3%). Risk factors included lower age, higher education and working in guard and general duties units. The findings show that the annual cost of smoking due to productivity loss could be up to US$5.521 million and US$57.316 million for excess healthcare costs. These costs represent 45.1% of the UGX514.7 billion (in Ugandan Shillings, or about US$139.1 million) national police budget in the fiscal year 2018-19 and is equivalent to 0.24% of Uganda's annual gross domestic product (GDP). Conclusions Considering these data, prevalence of smoking among police officers are dramatically higher than in the general population. Consequently, smoking in police officers exerts a large burden on healthcare and productivity costs. This calls for comprehensive tobacco control measures designed to reduce smoking in the workplace so as to fit the specific needs of the Ugandan Police Force.Introduction Tobacco use is a major causative factor for cancer. Cessation programs along with diagnosis of cancer as a motivating factor may improve quitting rates in patients. This is a protocol of a study that aims to assess the efficacy of brief tobacco cessation intervention (compared to treatment as usual, TAU) on pattern and attitudes towards tobacco chewing in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients and their relatives. Methods The proposed study will be conducted in two phases. Phase 1 will include 105 dyads of patients and relatives and shall assess patterns (amount, frequency, duration of use and dependence etc.) and knowledge and attitudes (quitting, continued use, health-behavioural modifications, long-term effects on treatment etc.) towards tobacco chewing in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients using smokeless tobacco and their relatives. Sample will be recruited from outpatients attending the ear, nose, throat and head and neck surgery department of a tertiary health care institute.