Thus, inclusion protocol simplicity and slow release ability make r-glucan nanoparticles a potential carrier scaffold for various applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.First discovered on the natural killer (NK) cell, the cell surface inhibitory receptor sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is known for regulating many important biological activities. However, the detail regulatory mechanism for Siglec-7 expression in NK cells currently remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how cell surface Siglec-7 expression is regulated and found that, in both NK cell lines and peripheral NK cells, transcription was the main regulatory step. Furthermore, when NK-92MI and peripheral NK cells were treated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, the CpG island, with 9 CpG sites, in 5' Siglec-7 promoter became noticeably hypomethylated, and Siglec-7 expression increased in both RNA transcript and surface protein. Within this CpG island, we identified both CpG 8 and CpG 9 as two key regulators responsible for Siglec-7 expression. Additionally, by using histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor, butyric acid, we showed that Siglec-7 expression was also subjected to the histone modification. And a combined treatment with both 5-azacytidine and butyric acid showed an additive effect on Siglec-7 transcript expression in peripheral NK cells. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are thiol-specific antioxidant proteins commonly found in organisms that protect cells from the damage of reactive oxygen species produced by metabolism and that participate in cell signaling. The Prx from the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila (AmPrx) is a typical 2-Cys Prx characterized by two conserved cysteines Cys49 and Cys183. Here, we verified the peroxidase activity of AmPrx and determined its crystal structure in reduced form, which is a doughnut-shaped decamer composed of five dimers. Particularly, a distinct loop between the α4 helix and β6 strand is involved in the decameric interaction. Deletion of this loop destroys the decameric structure and significantly decreases the peroxidase activity of AmPrx. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of typical 2-Cys Prx, in which the α4-β6 loop affects the assembly of Prx and, therefore, regulates its peroxidase activity. © 2020 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.Primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare and fatal disease. Imaging is the main diagnostic method. CT and MRI images of IVC leiomyosarcoma have been published, but ultrasonographic features have been scarcely described, especially with contrast-enhancement. We report the case of a patient in whom ultrasonography incidentally revealed a mass in the IVC. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed heterogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase with some irregular non-enhanced areas, and mild clearance in the venous phase. The location and nature of the lesion as shown by ultrasonography were confirmed by CT and MRI. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In the arid to semi-arid district of Chengcheng, Weinan City, in central Shaanxi Province, diminishing groundwater reserves in the shallow Quaternary (QLB) aquifer and elevated fluoride in the similarly shallow Permo-Triassic (PTF) aquifer, have promoted interest in the development of groundwater resources in the deep but poorly understood Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate aquifer system (COC). To investigate the origin of the COC groundwaters and the relationship between the deep and shallower systems, a hydrochemical study was undertaken involving 179 major and minor ion analyses, 39 stable isotope analyses (δD and δ18 O), and 14 carbon isotope analyses (14 C and δ13 C). PHREEQC 3.0 was used to investigate mixing. Hydrochemical data support the presence of a well-connected regional flow system extending southwards from the more mountainous north. Stable isotope data indicate that the COC groundwaters originate as soil zone infiltration, under a much cooler regime than is found locally today. This is confirmed by 14 C, which indicates the groundwater to be palaeowater recharged during the late Pleistocene (∼10-12 ka B.P.). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cd38-inhibitor-1.html The presence of nitrate in the COC groundwaters suggests leakage from overlying shallow aquifers currently provides an additional source of COC recharge, with major faults possibly providing the primary pathways for downward vertical flow. © 2020, National Ground Water Association.This article proposes a definition for the term "peri-implant phenotype" and provides a comprehensive description of all its components. © 2020 American Academy of Periodontology.The search for novel chemical classes of anti-malarial compounds to cope with the current state of chemoresistance of malaria parasites has led to the identification of Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase 1 (PfA-M1) as a new therapeutic target. PfA-M1, known to be involved in the hemoglobin digestion cascade which helps to provide most of the amino acids necessary to the parasite's metabolism, is currently considered as a promising target for anti-malarial chemotherapy. However, its immunogenic properties have not yet been tested in the Gabonese population. In Gabon, the prevalence of malaria remains three times higher in semi-urban areas (60·12%) than in urban areas (17·06%). We show that malaria-specific PfA-M1 antibodies are present in children and increase with the level of infection. Children living in semi-urban areas have higher anti-PfA-M1 antibody titers (0·14 ± 0·02 AU) than those living in urban areas (0·08 ± 0·02 AU, P = 0·03), and their antibody titers increase with age (P  less then  0·0001). Moreover, anti-PfA-M1 antibody titers decrease in children with hyperparasitemia (0·027 ± 0·055 AU) but they remain high in children with low parasite density (0·21 ± 0·034 AU, P = 0·034). In conclusion, our results suggest that malaria-specific PfA-M1 antibodies may play an important role in the immune response of the host against P. falciparum in Gabonese children. Further studies on the role of PfA-M1 during anemia are needed. © 2020 British Society for Immunology.