The synergistic effect of phorate with cinmethylin on herbicide-susceptible L. rigidum appears smaller (a 44% reduction in the LD50 of cinmethylin). https://www.selleckchem.com/ CONCLUSIONS Cinmethylin is effective in controlling multiple-resistant L. rigidum and appears safe for wheat when the seed is separated at depth from the herbicide applied to the soil surface. The basis of this metabolism-based selectivity is likely regulated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.BACKGROUND On-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (PR) is associated with the risk of thrombotic or bleeding event in selected populations of high-risk patients. PR is a highly heritable phenotype and a few variants of cytochrome genes, essentially CYP2C19, are associated with PR but only explain 5-12% of the variability. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to delineate genetic determinants of on-clopidogrel PR using high throughput sequencing. METHODS We performed a whole exome sequencing of 96 low- and matched high-PR patients in a discovery cohort. Exomes from genes with variants significantly associated with PR were sequenced in 96 low- and matched high-PR patients from an independent replication cohort. RESULTS We identified 585 variants in 417 genes with an adjusted p-value less then 0.05. In the replication cohort, all top variants including CYP2C8, CYP2C18 and CYP2C19 from the discovery population were found again. An original network analysis identified several candidate genes of potential interest such as a regulator of PI3K, a key-actor in the downstream signaling pathway of the P2Y12 receptor. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the role of CYP-related genes as major regulators of clopidogrel response, including the poorly-investigated CYP2C8 and CYP2C18. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND To initiate insect infection, entomopathogenic fungi produce diverse cuticle-degrading enzymes. Of those, lipolytic enzymes participate in epicuticular lipid hydrolysis and thus facilitate fungal penetration through the outermost cuticular barrier of the insect host. The Far/CTF1-type zinc finger transcription factors play an important role in the regulation of lipolytic activity and fungal pathogenicity in plant pathogens but remain functionally unknown in fungal insect pathogens. RESULTS Two Far/CTF1-type transcription factor Bbctf1α and Bbctf1β, which are essential for differential expression of genes involved in the fungal lipid degradation, were identified and functionally characterized in a fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. Disruption of each gene led to drastic losses of extracellular lipolytic activities under lipidic substrate-inducing conditions, followed by remarkable phenotypic defects associated with the fungal biocontrol potential. These defects mainly included severe impairments of mycelial growth and conidium formation, and drastic losses of tolerance to the stresses of oxidation and cell wall perturbation during colony growth under either normal or induction conditions. Bioassays showed that the virulence of each disruption mutant on the greater wax moth was remarkably attenuated in topical immersion. However, there was no significant difference in intrahemolymph injection when the cuticle penetration process was bypassed. CONCLUSIONS Bbctf1α and Bbctf1β are multifunctional transcription factors that play vital roles in the regulation of fungal lipid utilization and contribute to the vegetative growth, sporulation capacity, environmental fitness and pest control potential in B. bassiana. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of potentially toxic elements in Brachiaria decumbens, Stylosanthes guianensis, and Saccharum officinarum plants and soil samples in affected and unaffected areas by rupture of the Fundão dam. Samples were collected in areas affected by residues from the Fundão dam (RAA1, RAA2, RAA3) and in an unaffected area (control). The material was analyzed for the composition of micronutrients and trace elements in soil and plants, as well as contamination (CF), accumulation and translocation factors (TF). Overall, the results showed that soil and plant tissues had increased Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cr content and decreased Zn content in the affected areas compared to the control. Leaves and roots of B. decumbens showed an increase in Fe content in affected areas compared to the control, reaching a mean maximum value of 42,958 µg g-1 of roots of RAA2 collected plants. As a result, CF for Fe of B. decumbens was classified as very high and they presented low TF values. Furthermore, B. decumbens collected in affected areas showed an increase of Fe, Mn, Cu and Cr in leaves, stems, and roots, while in S. guianensis, there was an increase of Fe concentration in all tissues and Cr in leaves. Also, S. officinarum showed the accumulation of Mn in the stem and Cu in leaves and stem. On the other hand, there was no contamination of plants by hazardous elements such as Pb, Cd, and As in the samples analyzed. In conclusion, increases in the content of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cr were found in soil and several plant tissues of residue-affected areas, which could compromise plant growth and represent potential hazards arising from the biomagnification process in the food chain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES To propose a novel method for mapping leak location and frequency to a clock-face representation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) ostium. BACKGROUND LAA occlusion with the Watchman device (WD) is an established therapy to reduce thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and intolerance to long-term oral anticoagulation. Postimplantation leaks are known sequelae, but leak locations and characteristics are poorly described. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 101 consecutive WD implants from April 2015 to February 2018. Leak locations from 6-week post-implant transesophageal echocardiograms were mapped to a clock-face representation of the LAA ostium 1200 as cranial near the limbus, 300 as anterior toward the pulmonary artery, 600 as caudal near the mitral annulus, and 900 as posterior. Patient demographics, LAA dimensions, and procedural characteristics were also collected. RESULTS Thirty-four patients had ≥1 leak totaling 45 leaks at 6-week follow-up. Baseline patient demographics showed a mean age 77, CHA2 DS2 VASc 4.