96, 95%CI (0.72-1.26), P = 0.735]. CONCLUSION OAB patients for whom an initial choice of BTX therapy ends in failure or dissatisfaction may consider switching to SNM therapy. There is no difference in outcomes between these patients and those whose first choice was SNM therapy.BACKGROUND Although combined antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV), mortality remains higher compared to the general population, mainly due to higher prevalence of non-HIV-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We assessed the prevalence of CVD risk and its contributing factors in adult PLHIV versus general population controls in Greece. SETTINGS Cross-sectional comparison of PLHIV (Athens-Multicenter-AIDS-Cohort-Study; AMACS) versus general population controls (National health examination survey; EMENO). METHODS All HIV-infected adults with ≥1 measurement of interest (blood pressure, lipids, glucose, weight, height) between 2012-2014 and all EMENO participants (2014-2016) were included. Ten-year total CVD risk was estimated using the Framingham (FRS) or the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations. RESULTS 5839 PLHIV (median age41.6 years, 85.4% males) and 4820 controls (median age48 years, 48.4% males) were included. Adjusting for age, sex and origin, PLHIV were more likely to be current smokers (adjusted OR1.53 [95% CI1.35-1.74]) and dyslipidemic (aOR1.18; [1.04-1.34]), less likely to be obese (aOR0.44 [0.38-0.52], with no differences in hypertension, diabetes or high (≥20%) FRS but with greater odds of high (≥5%) SCORE (aOR1.55 [1.05-2.30]). Further adjustment for educational level, anti-HCV positivity and BMI showed higher prevalence of hypertension in PLHIV. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relative absence of obesity, PLHIV have higher prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors and higher risk of fatal CVD compared to general population. Regular screening and early management of CVD risk factors in PLHIV should be of high priority for CVD prevention.Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is closely related with ageing, physical disability and functional dependency. The course of KOA is considered progressive and irreversible. Engagement with self-management may, however, minimize the impact of KOA. To be fully engaged with self-management activities, knowledge about KOA is a prerequisite. There is limited empirical data on older adults' understanding on KOA and their information needs about KOA. Therefore, the aims of this study were to explore older adults' knowledge about KOA and their perspectives on the information required to enable self-management. Three focus groups were conducted with 16 older adults with KOA. The sample consisted of three men and thirteen women with the mean age 73.2 years (range from 61 to 89). Thematic content analysis revealed two themes which were understanding about KOA and information needed about KOA. Participants' knowledge about KOA varied between individuals with many expressing that they needed more information about KOA. A targeted strategy is needed to educate older adults about KOA in order to support and prepare them for self-management.BACKGROUND A number of studies have reported on associations between reproductive factors, such as delivery methods, number of birth and breastfeeding, and incidence of cancer in children, but systematic reviews addressing this issue to date have important limitations, and no reviews have addressed the impact of reproductive factors on cancer over the full life course of offspring. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search in MEDLINE, and Embase up to January 2020 and Web of Science up to 2018 July, including cohort studies reporting the association between maternal reproductive factors of age at birth, birth order, number of births, delivery methods, and breastfeeding duration and cancer in children. Teams of two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We conducted random effects meta-analyses to estimate summary relative estimates, calculated absolute differences between those with and without risk factors, and used the GRADE approach to evaluate the certainty of evidence. RESULTix, uterine corpus, multiple myeloma, testis cancer incidence; Caesarean delivery with childhood kidney cancer incidence (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.55; AR/10,000 = 0, 95% CI = 0 to 1); and breastfeeding with adult colorectal cancer incidence. CONCLUSION Very small impacts existed between a number of reproductive factors and cancer incidence and mortality in children and the certainty of evidence was low to very low primarily due to observational design.In recent years, the reach and influence of far-right ideologies have been extended through online communities with devastating effects in the real world. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-90001.html In this research, we examine how far-right online communities can be empowered by socio-political events that are significant to them. Using over 14 years of data extracted from an Australian national sub-forum of a global online white supremacist community, we investigate whether the group cohesion of the community is affected by local race riots. Our analysis shows that the online community, not only became more cohesive after the riots, but was also reinvigorated by highly active new members who joined during the week of the riots or soon after. These changes were maintained over the longer-term, highlighting pervasive ramifications of the local socio-political context for this white supremacist community. Pre-registered analyses of data extracted from other white supremacist online communities (in South Africa and the United Kingdom) show similar effects on some of the indicators of group cohesion, but of reduced magnitude, and not as enduring as the effects found in the context of the Australian far-right online community.Few studies exist that document how high-elevation Andean ecosystems recover naturally after the cessation of human activities and this can limit the implementation of cost-effective restoration actions. We assessed Andean forest (Polylepis stands) and páramo grassland recovery along an elevation gradient (3,600-4,350 m.a.s.l.) in the Yanacocha Reserve (Ecuador) where natural recovery has been allowed since 1995. Within the Yanacocha Reserve in 2012 and 2014 the aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground necromass (AGN) and belowground biomass (BGB) carbon (C) stocks were measured and C sequestration rates calculated as proxy of ecosystem recovery. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock to 36-cm depth was also quantified during the 2012 survey. To explore potential drivers of spatiotemporal variation of the forest and páramo C stocks they were related to abiotic and biotic variables. Andean forest C stocks were influenced mainly by disturbance history and tree-species composition. Páramo C stocks´ spatial variation were related to the elevation gradient; we found a positive significant trend in páramo AGB-C stocks with elevation, whereas we found a significant negative trend in AGN-C stocks. Likewise, significant temporal changes were found for AGB-C and AGN-C stocks. Net increases in AGB-C stocks were the largest in the Andean forest and páramo, 2.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1 and 1.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1 respectively. Carbon sequestration rates were partly explained by environmental variables. In the Andean forest, plots with low dominance of Baccharis padifolia were observed to present higher AGB-C and lower BGB-C sequestration rates. In the páramo, higher sequestration rates for AGB-C were found at higher elevations and associated with higher levels of growth-forms diversity. Temporal changes in BGB-C stocks on the contrary were non-significant. Our results indicated that terrestrial aboveground C sequestration rates might be an appropriate indicator for assessing Andean forest and páramo recovery after human disturbance.Herpesviral encephalitis caused by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most devastating diseases in humans. Patients present with fever, mental status changes or seizures and when untreated, sequelae can be fatal. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is characterized by mainly unilateral necrotizing inflammation effacing the frontal and mesiotemporal lobes with rare involvement of the brainstem. HSV-1 is hypothesized to invade the CNS via the trigeminal or olfactory nerve, but viral tropism and the exact route of infection remain unclear. Several mouse models for HSE have been developed, but they mimic natural infection only inadequately. The porcine alphaherpesvirus Pseudorabies virus (PrV) is closely related to HSV-1 and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). While pigs can control productive infection, it is lethal in other susceptible animals associated with severe pruritus leading to automutilation. Here, we describe the first mutant PrV establishing productive infection in mice that the animals are able toanimal models of disease.BACKGROUND AND AIMS In comparison with men, women who use drugs (WWUD) have considerably more frequent and intense experiences with interpersonal violence, sexual abuse and trauma. The aim of this study was to identify issues related to gender-based vulnerability in a group of WWUD attended in a harm reduction facility in Madrid, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during a screening of blood borne infections. We included WWUD (smoked or injected heroin/cocaine) who were actively screened for HIV, HBV and HCV in a harm reduction setting in Madrid (Spain) from January to December 2017. WWUD were interviewed for gender-based abuse or violence using a face-to-face questionnaire by a trained interviewer. Aspects related to their social-epidemiological condition and gender-based vulnerability were collected. RESULTS We included 109 women who were actively using drugs. The median age was 39 (IQR 35-47) years, 84.4% were Spanish born, 22.9% were homeless, 43 (41.7%) had ever used injected drugs, 29 (26.6%) were currently using injected drugs, and 27.1% had mental health disorders. Aspects related to gender-based vulnerability were collected. Among those surveyed, they reported having ever suffered emotional or psychological damage (88%), having experienced at least one incident of serious physical injury by a male partner (71%), and having ever suffered sexual abuse (49%). In addition, 28% had ever exchanged sex for money/drugs. When compared to women that did not use injecting drugs, those who injected drugs had more frequently exchanged sex for money/drugs (55% vs 21%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of WWUD suffer psychological or physical violence by partners denoting gender-based vulnerability. Interventions in harm reduction settings with a multidisciplinary and gender-based approach should be implemented.Bats are the natural reservoir host for a number of zoonotic viruses, including Hendra virus (HeV) which causes severe clinical disease in humans and other susceptible hosts. Our understanding of the ability of bats to avoid clinical disease following infection with viruses such as HeV has come predominantly from in vitro studies focusing on innate immunity. Information on the early host response to infection in vivo is lacking and there is no comparative data on responses in bats compared with animals that succumb to disease. In this study, we examined the sites of HeV replication and the immune response of infected Australian black flying foxes and ferrets at 12, 36 and 60 hours post exposure (hpe). Viral antigen was detected at 60 hpe in bats and was confined to the lungs whereas in ferrets there was evidence of widespread viral RNA and antigen by 60 hpe. The mRNA expression of IFNs revealed antagonism of type I and III IFNs and a significant increase in the chemokine, CXCL10, in bat lung and spleen following infection.

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There was a mixed whole (as of 2008) of 448,811 books or different media within the libraries, and in the identical 12 months a complete of fifty one,740 items had been loaned out. New styles arriving daily, that includes on-trend footwear for day and evening. Stiletto heels, thigh excessive boots, booties, wedges, sneakers, heeled sandals - like your supportive bff who is aware of all of your finest angles, they’re right here for you. Our sneakers and heels will take you from work to a date or class to a celebration in style. Though very handy, further care should be taken although to preserve security in your buy. Make sure to buy your Bottega Veneta replica gadgets like knock off Karung and metallic leather platform sandals only from SSL secured sites and people which are licensed by the Better Business Bureau.
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Of the Swiss nationwide languages (as of 2000), 20,998 individuals speak Italian, 1,855 speak German, 597 individuals speak French, and 39 folks converse Romansh. In the 2007 Grand Council of Ticino election, there had been a complete of 27,557 registered voters in Lugano, of which 15,214 or fifty five.2% voted. 237 blank ballots and 38 null ballots were solid, leaving 14,939 legitimate ballots within the election. The hottest party was the PLR which received three,680 or 24.6% of the vote.
The canton of Lugano merged with Bellinzona creating the canton of Ticino, which endures to the present day. During the preventing between Guelphs and Ghibellines and the model new disputes between Como and Milan, during the 14th and 15th centuries, Lugano was the scene of clashes between opposing forces. After an extended rule by the Rusca family, Lugano was free of the domination of Como, which had been taken over in 1335 by the Visconti. At the identical time the link between town and the valley strengthened.
Throughout most of the 20th century, the Liberals held absolutely the majority here as properly. The rest of the municipal executive posts were held by the Conservatives, the Socialists (1944–48, 1976–80 and since 2000) and the Ticino League . In the 19th century, the town government was dominated by the Liberal Party. In 1900, slightly more than half of the seats on the town council have been held by Liberals. Most of the rest of the seats were held by both Conservatives or Socialists.
In addition to the lake, Lugano is surrounded by mountains, which provide numerous alternatives for sports or sightseeing. Two mountains, each offering wonderful views over the town and lake, bracket each end of the town's waterfront. Monte Brè (933 metres ), to the north, is seemingly Switzerland's sunniest spot and is also residence to the old village of Brè. Monte San Salvatore (912 metres ), to the south, has an old church and museum atop its summit. Both mountains are accessible by funicular railways, that are themselves easily accessible by frequent town bus or by car.
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Based on the 1997 land survey, as of 2013 the municipality Lugano has a total area of 32.09 sq. kilometers (12.39 sq mi). Of this area, 3.25 km2 (1.25 sq mi) or 10.1% is used for agricultural functions, while 6.seventy three km2 (2.60 sq mi) or 21.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, four.forty eight km2 (1.seventy three sq mi) or 14.0% is settled , 0.04 km2 (9.9 acres) or zero.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.12 km2 or zero.4% is unproductive land. After 1803, the political municipality of Lugano was created.
Winter freezing temperatures are extra widespread on the night time of January , but the low temperatures stays are rare and do not happen every year. Much of the summer season is pleasant, but warm days above 30 °C (86 °F) are not uncommon . In June 2011, officials of the Israeli town of Yehud introduced they'd undertake a large development project to duplicate Lugano's old square within the center of their town, to reinvigorate commerce and tourism. The replica might be replete with neoclassical columns and colonnades.
The canton was deeply divided between "patriots" supporting the Cisalpine Republic, and traditionalist "aristocrats". By 1799 riots broke out in Lugano, and the second préfet, Francesco Capra, fled the town. Power passed to a provisional authorities sympathetic to the Habsburgs.

Discontent continued and in early 1802 a revolt in Capriasca led to the autumn pronunciamento of Pian Povrò, which declared the independence of Lugano from the Helvetic consumer republic. What’s more, Vuitton is prepared to get a direct read on which styles and objects are attracting probably the most curiosity, permitting it to realize higher sell-throughs, and produce healthy amounts of the gathering to order. Sellers who provide extensively clear description and data on transport and product return and refunds coverage are reliable ones.
Trade, tourism and finance are the mainstays of the local economy. In 2000, nine-tenths of the employees were employed in the services sector, of which three-quarters are commuters, including many cross-border commuters (13% of the working population). Replica Bottega Veneta Handbags women’s handbags are very outstanding. Like the hand-made limited version handbags series that was launched to rejoice the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the brand, we are able to see the distinctiveness and distinctive design of its women’s handbags. Noble ambiance, no overt flamboyant color matching or distinctive in look.
It was open to the themes of enlightened reform and the American Revolutionary War. It was the first newspaper within the Italian language to publish an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence of 1776. After the demise of Abbot Gian Battista Agnelli in 1788, who had been the editor for more than 40 years, Abbot Giuseppe Lodovico Maria Vanelli took over the paper. Under Abbot Vanelli, it supported the revolutionary concepts from France, which drew protests from the Austrian authorities in Lombardy. The publication of the journal ceased abruptly after edition number 17 of 29 April 1799, following the anti-French riots in Lugano throughout which the Agnelli printing house was sacked and Abbot Vanelli was shot. The area round Lake Lugano was settled by the Romans by the first century BC.
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Throughout many of the 20th century, the Liberals held the absolute majority here as well. The rest of the municipal govt posts had been held by the Conservatives, the Socialists (1944–48, 1976–80 and since 2000) and the Ticino League . In the 19th century, the town authorities was dominated by the Liberal Party. In 1900, slightly more than half of the seats on the city council had been held by Liberals. Most of the the rest of the seats have been held by both Conservatives or Socialists.
Winter freezing temperatures are extra widespread on the evening of January , however the low temperatures remains are rare and don't occur every year. Much of the summer is pleasant, but warm days above 30 °C (86 °F) aren't uncommon . In June 2011, officers of the Israeli town of Yehud introduced they might undertake an enormous building project to replicate Lugano's old square in the center of their town, to reinvigorate commerce and tourism. The replica will be replete with neoclassical columns and colonnades.
In Lugano about 63.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or further larger training . Slightly additional afield is Monte Generoso (1,704 metres ), with a view that encompasses the lakes of Lugano, Como and Maggiore, in addition to the Alps from the Matterhorn to the Bernina Range, the Lombardy Plains, and, on a transparent day, the city of Milan. The summit could be reached by taking either an SNL boat, or a railway train, to Capolago, and altering there onto a rack railway train of the Monte Generoso Railway. In 2000, there have been 28,174 staff who commuted into the municipality and three,994 workers who commuted away.
Men's clothes and accessories impressed by nature and devoted to modern living. Nuove di numerous corti e paesi in German, French and Italian within the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Lugano – Medieval in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Sergio Mantegazza a Swiss-Italian businessman, chairman and owner of Globus a multinational travel firm. The Lugano Festival runs during April and May, adopted by the related "Progetto Martha Argerich" in June. Between July and August there may be the LongLake Festival, one of the greatest urban open air happenings in Switzerland.
There are four,714 individuals (or about 17.75% of the population) who belong to another church , and a pair of,294 people (or about eight.64% of the population) didn't reply the question. In the 2007 Council of State of Ticino election, 158 blank ballots and seventy nine null ballots had been cast, leaving 14,980 valid ballots in the election. The hottest celebration was the Lega which acquired 3,839 or 25.6% of the vote.
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During one month, the LongLake presents over 300 events in downtown Lugano. Both Lake Lugano and the surrounding mountains provide a wide variety of outdoor actions. The area surrounding Lugano is residence to over 300 kilometres of mountain biking trails, the biggest internet of trails in Switzerland. From the 2000 census, 18,035 or 67.9% were Catholic, whereas 1,517 or 5.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.
In Lugano about sixty three.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have accomplished both non-mandatory higher secondary education or further greater schooling . Slightly additional afield is Monte Generoso (1,704 metres ), with a view that encompasses the lakes of Lugano, Como and Maggiore, in addition to the Alps from the Matterhorn to the Bernina Range, the Lombardy Plains, and, on a transparent day, the city of Milan. The summit may be reached by taking both an SNL boat, or a railway train, to Capolago, and altering there onto a rack railway train of the Monte Generoso Railway. In 2000, there have been 28,174 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,994 staff who commuted away.
In the federal election, a total of 11,980 votes had been solid, and the voter turnout was 42.8%. In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most well-liked party was the Lega which received 20.6% (-5.8) of the vote. The subsequent 5 hottest events have been the PLR (20.3%, -2), the PPD (14.0%, -1.1), PS (13.9%, -1.3), the UDC (13.2%, -0.2), and the Green Party (11.1%, +7.0).
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TPL, ARL and SNL providers function from the Lugano Centro bus station. Longer distance buses, as well as some local buses, are operated by PostBus Switzerland, known locally as the AutoPostale. Its Palm Express service connects Lugano railway station to St. Moritz.
It was open to the themes of enlightened reform and the American Revolutionary War. It was the first newspaper within the Italian language to publish an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence of 1776. After the death of Abbot Gian Battista Agnelli in 1788, who had been the editor for more than 40 years, Abbot Giuseppe Lodovico Maria Vanelli took over the paper. Under Abbot Vanelli, it supported the revolutionary concepts from France, which drew protests from the Austrian authorities in Lombardy. The publication of the magazine ceased abruptly after version number 17 of 29 April 1799, following the anti-French riots in Lugano during which the Agnelli printing house was sacked and Abbot Vanelli was shot. The area round Lake Lugano was settled by the Romans by the first century BC.
The senior population distribution is 6,459 folks or 11.7% of the population are between 60 and sixty nine years old, four,947 individuals or 9.0% are between 70 and seventy nine, there are 3,481 individuals or 6.3% who are over eighty. As of 2008, the gender distribution of the inhabitants was forty seven.1% male and fifty two.9% female. The population was made up of 15,457 Swiss men (28.1% of the population), and 10,461 (19.0%) non-Swiss males. There had been 19,417 Swiss girls (35.3%), and 9,725 (17.7%) non-Swiss ladies. Between 1997 and 2007, the population modified at a fee of 6.9%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Italian (80.3%), with German being second commonest (7.1%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (2.7%).
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3,520 individuals have been employed in the secondary sector and there have been 420 businesses on this sector. 33,601 individuals have been employed within the tertiary sector, with three,877 businesses on this sector. There were 12,191 residents of the municipality who have been employed in some capability, of which females made up 45.9% of the workforce. As of 2000, there were 23,168 personal households within the municipality, and an average of two persons per family. In 2000 there were 489 single household houses (or 20.6% of the total) out of a complete of 2,372 inhabited buildings. There were 214 two household buildings (9.0%) and 1,046 multi-family buildings (44.1%).

The approach is based on two successive steps, the former being a filtering scheme typically used in Content-Based Image Retrieval, whereas the latter is an evolutionary algorithm able to classify and, at the same time, automatically extract explicit knowledge under the form of a set of IF-THEN rules. This approach is tested on a set of chest X-ray images aiming at assessing the presence of COVID-19.The unrelenting trend of doctored narratives, content spamming, fake news and rumour dissemination on social media can lead to grave consequences that range from online intimidating and trolling to lynching and riots in real- life. It has therefore become vital to use computational techniques that can detect rumours, do fact-checking and inhibit its amplification. In this paper, we put forward a model for rumour detection in streaming data on social platforms. The proposed CanarDeep model is a hybrid deep neural model that combines the predictions of a hierarchical attention network (HAN) and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) learned using context-based (text + meta-features) and user-based features, respectively. The concatenated context feature vector is generated using feature-level fusion strategy to train HAN. Eventually, a decision-level late fusion strategy using logical OR combines the individual classifier prediction and outputs the final label as rumour or non-rumour. The results demonstrate improved performance to the existing state-of-the-art approach on the benchmark PHEME dataset with a 4.45% gain in F1-score. The model can facilitate well-time intervention and curtail the risk of widespread rumours in streaming social media by raising an alert to the moderators.Corona Virus continues to harms its effects on the people lives across the globe. The screening of infected persons has to be identified is a vital step because it is a fast and low-cost way. Certain above mentioned things can be recognized by chest X-ray images that plays a significant role and also used for examining in detection of CORONA VIRUS(COVID-19). Here radiological chest X-rays are easily available with low cost only. In this survey paper, Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) based solution that will benefit in detection of the Covid-19 positive patients using radiography chest X-Ray images. To test the efficiency of the solution, using data sets of publicly available X-Ray images of Corona virus positive cases and negative cases. Images of positive Corona Virus patients and pictures of healthy person images are divided into testing images and trainable images. The solution which are providing the good results with classification accuracy within the test set-up. Then GUI based application supports for medical examination areas. This GUI application can be used on any computer and performed by any medical examiner or technician to determine Corona Virus positive patients using radiography X-ray images. The result will be precisely obtaining the Covid-19 Patient analysis through the chest X-ray images and also results may be retrieve within a few seconds.After wind and solar energy, tidal energy presents the most prominent opportunity for generating energy from renewable sources. However, due to the harsh environment that tidal turbines are deployed in, a number of design and manufacture challenges are presented to engineers. As a consequence of the harsh environment, the loadings on the turbine blades are much greater than that on wind turbine blades and, therefore, require advanced solutions to be able to survive in this environment. In order to avoid issues with corrosion, tidal turbine blades are mainly manufactured from fibre reinforced polymer composite material. As a result, the main design and manufacture challenges are related to the main structural aspects of the blade, which are the spar and root, and the connection between the blade and the turbine hub. Therefore, in this paper, a range of advanced manufacturing technologies for producing a 1 MW tidal turbine blade are developed. The main novelty in this study comes with the challenges that are overcome due to the size of the blade, resulting in thickness composite sections (> 130 mm in places), the fast changes in geometry over a short length that isn't the case for wind blades and the required durability of the material in the marine environment. These advances aim to increase the likelihood of survival of tidal turbine blades in operation for a design life of 20 + years.This study investigates the impact of both economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and business cycles on the fine wine market. We use a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to measure the influence of these two variables on three major Liv-ex indices over the period 2005M01-2020M12. Our results are multiple. First, fine wine prices are relatively unaffected asymmetrically by EPU, while the economic cycle has a more pronounced asymmetric effect, especially in the short run. Second, uncertainty in Europe and the USA affect fine wine prices more than in China. Third, in the short term, fine wine prices react more strongly to changes in business cycles than to uncertainty. Finally, prices of the five first growths of Bordeaux are asymmetrically influenced by EPU, unlike of the rest of the most prestigious Bordeaux wines. The study also has implications for investment. We argue that a strong and professional strategic intelligence watch would help stakeholders in the secondary wine market to improve their returns, especially when European and US wines are involved. While short-runners should focus on information relative to changes in the business cycle, long-term investors would find it more interesting to closely monitor policy decisions liable to have long-term effects on wine prices (such as taxation, monetary measures…).This paper compares the implications of tax system and public borrowing limit asymmetries for the welfare cost of business cycles and interregional consumption risk sharing in a two-region fiscal union. We identify the welfare-improving and risk-sharing-improving designs of the regional tax systems and borrowing limits. We find that the choice of public borrowing limits is more consequential than is the choice of a tax regime for union welfare. It also serves as an argument for the harmonization of fiscal policies adopted in the fiscal union, as it would internalize fiscal externalities and improve consumption risk-sharing across the union regions. The key parameter determining the merits of alternative regional tax systems and possible limits to public borrowing in the fiscal union is the productivity of public good. Other aspects of the economy, such as the type of technology process, or the nature of the productivity shock do not affect the union public finance system design significantly. Extensive simulations suggest that if the productivity of public capital lies within the range of plausible empirical estimates, allowing both regions to have flexible borrowing limits and to choose whatever tax system they prefer will reduce the overall welfare costs of business fluctuations. However, for very low productivity of public capital, the welfare-improving regional public finance reforms that would prohibit public borrowing and tax labor income can produce limited benefits.In a monopolistically competitive model with production externalities, where individuals voluntarily provide offsets which compensate for degradation of environmental quality caused by their income earning activities, this paper examines how an increase in the population size affects the equilibrium levels of environmental quality, offsets, and net contributions. Whether labor supply is institutionally constrained or not, as the population size increases, environmental quality decreases and converges to zero. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluorofurimazine.html However, since offsets increase and converge to the degradation rate of environmental quality, the carbon neutrality theorem holds net contributions are zero. These results are independent of the specification of the utility function.Science includes the fundamental attributes of durability and uncertainty; hence, we teach about the "tentative yet durable" nature of science. Public discourse can be different, where one hears both confidence about "settled science" and doubts about "just theories." The latter observation gives rise to the possibility that emphasis on learning the tentative nature of science offers some people the actionable option of declining to accept canonical science. Our paper reports the findings from initial and replication exploratory studies involving about 500 preservice, elementary/middle school teacher education students at a large Midwestern public university. Using a survey method that included opportunities for student comments, the study tested hypotheses about confidence in the veracity, durability, tentativeness, and trustworthiness of science. We found that most students embrace noncontroversial science as correct, and that almost all embraced the tentative nature of science regardless of what they thought about controversial topics. However, when asked about the trustworthiness of science, many students were not willing to say that they trust scientific knowledge. Even students strongly supportive of science, including controversial science, responded similarly. And why did they say that science is not trustworthy? The explanation echoed by many students was that scientific knowledge is tentative. Our paper concludes with implications for instruction and research. Our findings suggest that it would be prudent for science educators to increase instructional focus on the relationship between data and evidence that leads to the durability of scientific knowledge. Future research needs to thoroughly investigate the public interpretation of what we teach about the nature and characteristics of science, and for the implications it might have on how scientific knowledge is or is not incorporated in the development and implementation of public policy.Many authors blame postmodernism and studies on Sociology and Anthropology of Science (Science Studies) for the rise of relativism and anti-science movements. Despite such criticism, Science Studies have always been concerned with the construction of the common world (a shared reality), while the anti-science movement goes in the opposite direction, denying science to defend economic and political interests of specific groups. In this sense, the post-truth movement is part of a political agenda and therefore science education will not be able to face the dilemmas of such scenario unless it takes a clear political stance. Thus, our objective is to present a discussion on why we should trust science as well as what it means to trust science precisely from the so-called ontological turn of science studies. We argue that, based on this sociological framework, it is possible to recognize the value of science as a community capable of producing networks and actors that mobilize the world and that respond to day-to-day problems. Next, we discuss the fact that trusting in science does not mean blind trusting specialists. It is necessary to increase the participation of different actors in the construction of the common world, especially by calling into debate those who were made invisible in the process of colonialism. Finally, we argue that recovering confidence in science is a political process, in a way that public opinion can only changed by politically organizing the field of science and science education.